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111人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.quality ( )2. active( )3. devote( )4. peaceful( )5. stage( )6. vote( )7. attack( )8. equal( )9. willing( )10. escape( )11. educate( )12. beg( )13. reward( )14. president( ) 15. opinion( )II.核心短语1. _ a matter of fact 事实上2. come to _当权；上台3. be_ to 被判处 （徒刑）4.worry _担心5. _ in 信仰，信任6. in _ 处于麻烦中；处于困境中7. lose _ 丧失勇气或信心8. _ up 设立；建立9. put in _ 把投入监狱10. fight_ 反对而斗争11. be free _摆脱12.devote _（doing）sth. 献身于13. blow _ 炸毁14. out_ work 失业15. _ school 毕业16. be grateful _ 对感激17. turn_ 转向18. agree _ 适宜，同意某人19. during the lunch _ 在午餐休息期间20. beg _ food 乞讨食物二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. devote vt. 投入；献身典例 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。重点用法devote to 献身于；专心于在devote to短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意）; stick to（坚持）; lead to（导致）; preferto（相比更喜欢）; look forward to（盼望）;2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数典例 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2). Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。重点用法vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举vote through 表决通过put to the vote 将付诸表决take/have a vote on 对进行表决vote for/against 投票赞成/反对3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答典例1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。重点用法in reward (for) 作为（对的）报酬、报答give a reward to sb. for sth. 为给某人报酬、赏金reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因报答、奖赏某人reward sb. with sth. 用报答、奖赏某人4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的典例 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。重点用法 be equal to 与相等be equal with 与平等5. advise v. 建议典例 1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.重点用法advise sb. on sth. 就给某人出主意advise +n. /pron. 建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干advise (ones) doing sth. 建议（某人）干advise + (that) sb. (should) doadvice n. 建议；意见a piece of advice一条建议go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见give advice to sb. on sth.就对某人提供建议follow sbs advice = take sbs advice 接受某人的建议II.重点词组 1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁典例 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.短语归纳 putin prison = sendto prison = throw into prison 把投入监狱The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。2. out of work 失业,出问题典例 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。2). Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。短语归纳 in work 有工作out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了 out of date 过时out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心典例1). He failed many times, but he didnt lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。短语归纳 lose ones job 失业 lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones breath上气不接下气 lose ones heart (to sb/sth) 爱上lose ones life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱III.重点句型 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。解释 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?拓展：介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable. 解释当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。三、语法突破定语从句（II）关系代词who与that的用法区别两者都可用作关系代词指人，有时可互换，但以下几点需注意：1. 在 all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody 等词之后两者都可用，但以用 that 较普通。如：All that who heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。Have you met anybody that who has been to Paris? 你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗? 2. 在序数词、形容词最高级以及 the only, the same, the very 等之后两者都可用，但以用 that 较普通。如：Newton was one of the greatest men that who ever lived. 牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。He is the only one among us that who knows Russian. 他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。3. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常只用 who。如：Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us next term. 史密斯夫人很有教学经验，她下个学期将来与我们一道工作。4. 但是在下列情况，通常只用 that当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。如：I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。当先行词是 who 时(为避免重复)。如：Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion? 有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)。如: Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个汤姆了。whose引导定语从句只能指人吗大家知道，关系代词who只用于指人，不用于指物。我们是不是可以推出，关系代词whose也只用于指人不用于指物呢？不能！事实上，用作关系代词的whose既可用于指人，也可用于指物，同时还可以指动物，它在定语从句中用作定语，修饰其后的名词。一、指人的用法The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. 电影讲的是一个被他妻子出卖的间谍。He was an officer whose career meant everything to him. 他是一名军旅生涯对他来说就是一切的军官。The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.作品获奖的那个女孩是她班上年纪最小的。除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：Chopin, whose works are world famous, composed some of his music in this room. 肖邦的作品是世界知名的，有些乐曲就是在这个房间里谱写的。We went with Peter, whose car broke down before we were halfway there. 我们和彼得一起去的，但是还没走到半路他的车子就抛了锚。Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job. 安的孩子们整天都在学校，所以她在想办法找份工作。二、指物的用法The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。 除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。三、指动物的用法Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。【做题小技巧】对于考查关系代词whose的考题，掌握以下两点非常有用：1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语，所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。2. which有时也可用作定语，但与whose在语义上有很大区别：which在语义上相当于this或that，而whose在语义上则相当于ones。比较并体会：It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten. 那是一本英语小说，书名我忘了。 My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he wont be going on holiday. 我父亲可能需要住院，如果那样他就不去度假了。如何使用“介词+关系代词”结构对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。归纳起来，有以下几点方法：1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。如：Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for) This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about) 注意，对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应。如：The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。如：Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(注意搭配 be interested in)He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配 be familiar with)3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配 in the front of our classroom)Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配 on the day)4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。如：This is the bookfrom which I got the story. 这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。(由于句意含有“从”的意思，所以用介词 from)This I did at nine oclock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。(由于句意含有“在之后”的意思，所以用介词 after) 定语从句专项练习 1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名.26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33. A. 解释见28题.34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题.39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“.的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48. A. 解释见35题。49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。四、单元自测第一节 单项选择单项填空1.Many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas. _ ，it is also a problem in some urban areas.A. As a result B. FurthermoreC. In the end D. As a matter of fact2. Busy as the man is , he _ every weekend to staying with his wife and children.A. picks B. spendsC. devotes D. takes3. Only when he got home _ he had left his bag on the train.A. he realized B. he had realizedC. had he realized D. did he realize4. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else_，is there? Awho to turn to Bshe can turn to Cfor whom to turn Dfor her to turn5.Mike often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulationsAhaving been fined Bto have been finedCto be fined Dbeing fined6.As_ matter of fact,_ beauty of_ nature there made an excellent impression on me.7Its important to learn to take a positive attitude _ life when you are _trouble.Ato：under B. of ; in Cto：in D. with ; in8Ms Black is considered a _lady by her neighbors for she often helps the poor old man next door.AgenerousBhopeful CmeanDselfish 9. Although the living conditions were poor in the mountain, Xu Benyu still devoted his energies to _ students of different agesA. teach Bteaching C. having taught Dbe teaching10. We all know that hard working and plain Iiving are fine _of our Chinese peopleA. qualities B. manners C. deeds D. acts11. Now their talks have reached a key stage _ side must give in to the otherAwhich Bthat Cwhere Dhow12. I think our education should give all children _opportunities to develop their special giftAreasonable Bequal C. flexible D. convenient13. The owner of the mine was _ to twenty years because he had broken the law to empIoy children as miners.A_sentenced Btrapped C. sheltered D. buried1 4Students should be _ in classOnly listening without taking part in the activities is not good for ones studyApassive Bactive Ccurious D1azv15. (2012山东师大附中月考)Whenever we are in _ trou
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