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111必修5Unit 1Great scientists 要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考重点单词1characteristic n特征；特性2conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束3defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败4attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加5expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposion n暴露6cure n治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗7challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenger n挑战者8absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心9suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion n怀疑suspicious adj.有疑心的10foresee vt.预见；预告foretell v预言forecast v预报11blame vt.责备；谴责 n过失；责备12pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染13handle n柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵14link vt. & n连接；联系15announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告16instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n教授；传授instructions n指示，说明17construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物18contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献19spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)20reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃重点短语1put forward 提出2draw a conclusion 得出结论3expose.to 使显露；暴露4link.to. 将和联系或连接起来5apart from 除之外；此外6make sense 讲得通；有意义7look into 调查；研究8at times 有时9be against 反对10(be) strict with 对严格的11be to blame 应受责备12with certainty 肯定地重点句型1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.因次每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。2Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。3He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着太阳转高考范文(2008安徽)假定你是李华，David是你的美国笔友。他对中国鼓励使用环保购物袋很感兴趣，来信向你询问此事。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下：感谢他的关注。简要介绍相关情况。谈谈你的感想。注意：1.词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好。2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：环保购物袋environmentfriendly shopping bag；关注concern。 June 8Dear David，_Yours，Li Hua写作要点：本篇书面表达要求写一封书信，请注意英文书信格式及文体特点；人称需用第一人称；时态需用一般现在时。1相关词语：environmental protection (环境保护), white pollution (白色污染)，reuse (再利用), rubbish (垃圾)等；2英文书信常用句式 Im glad that., Thank you for., I believe/hope/think.that.等。范文June_8Dear_David，Im glad that youve noticed our efforts directed towards environmental protection. Thank you for your concern.As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution, our government encourages us to use environmentfriendly shopping bags. These bags are made of a variety of materials that can be easily treated when they becomerubbish. Besides, they can be reused. More and more people in China have realized the advantages of such bags and started using them. I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our environment. This is one of the many steps we are taking to make our country an even cleaner place.Yours，Li_Hua考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1conclude vt.断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时)conclusion n结论，推论conclusive adj.结论性的conclude.by/with.以结束conclude to do sth. 决定做某事conclude.from.从中推断to conclude (做插入语)最后(一句话)in conclusion 最后，总之bring.to a conclusion 使结束make a conclusion 下结论arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落即学即练1(1)He _ his speech with a joke.他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲。(2)The meeting _ at nine oclock.会议9点钟结束了。(3)The police _ that he must be the murderer.警察断定他一定是杀人凶手。concludedconcludedconcluded(4)_， wish all of you good health and a long life.最后祝大家健康长寿。(5)_， I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.最后我想感谢今天参加会议的所有人。To concludeIn conclusion2attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理attendance n. 出席，到场，参加attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料即学即练2(1)He didnt _ yesterday.他昨天没有参加会议。(2)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody _ him.长跑之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照顾自己一下。(3)Business has to _. 生意是必须要料理的。attend the meetingto attend onbe attended to(4)_your studies. 专心你的学习。Attend to3expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发expose sth./sb./oneself (to.)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给)be exposed to 暴露于即学即练3(1)My job as a journalist is to _.我作为记者的职责就是揭露事实。(2)Dont _ babies _ strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。(3)Its very dangerous to _ these viruses without any protection.不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是非常危险的。expose the truthexposetobe exposed to4cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗curable adj. 可治愈的a cure for. 针对的治疗cure sb. of sth. 消除某人；治愈某人即学即练4(1)The doctor cant _ her _ the cancer.医生治不好她的癌症。(2)Nothing can _ you _ your bad habits.没有什么能去掉你的坏习惯。(3)This is _ SARS.这是一种新的SARS治疗方法。 cureofcureofa new cure for拓展：vt.sb. of sth.结构的短语还有：remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事5absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣absorb water/light/heat (take in) 吸收水/光/热absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in. 全神贯注于即学即练5(1)Black cloth _ light.黑色布料吸收光线。(2)Did you _ everything the professor said?教授说的你全部理解了吗？(3)He _ deep thought.他陷入沉思。absorbsabsorbwas absorbed in6suspect vt.怀疑；不信任n嫌疑犯；可疑对象suspect sth.怀疑某事suspect thatclause怀疑suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事suspect sb. to be.猜想某人是即学即练6(1)I began to _ (that) they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。(2)They _ him _ murder.他们怀疑他犯有谋杀罪。(3)What made you _ her _ having taken the money？你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？(4)The police arrested the _ yesterday.警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。suspectsuspectofsuspectofsuspect7blame n&vt.责备；责任blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for)应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人即学即练7(1)He _ me _ my carelessness.他责备我的疏忽大意。(2)Mr Li is not _ the accident.这次事故不能怨李先生。(3)Where does _ our failure lie?我们失败的症结在哪里？blamedforto blame forthe blame for8contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿)contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事contribute sth. to/towards 给捐献/捐赠contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿make a contribution to.为作贡献即学即练8(1)We should _ food and clothing _ the relief of the poor.我们应该捐赠食品和衣物救济贫民。(2)Drink _ his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。(3)The Song Dynasty _ three great inventions _ world civilization.宋朝为世界文明贡献出三大发明。(4)He _ an article _ China Daily.他为中国日报撰写了一篇文章。contributeforcontributed tocontributedtocontributedto9reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制n被拒绝或抛弃的人或物即学即练9(1)My cousin tried to join the army but _.我堂兄试图参军，但没有被接受。(2)After the transplant his body _ the new heart.在移植手术后，他的身体对移植的心脏产生排斥反应。(3)I _ the rotten oranges.我把腐烂的橘子扔掉了。was rejectedrejectedrejected提示：reject与refuse的区别refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。She refused (to accept) my gift.She rejected my gift.她拒绝接受我的礼物。10put forward 提出，推荐；将提前put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存put back 放回，拨回put down 写下；镇压；放下put forth 提出；颁布put.into 把翻译成put off 延期，推迟put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演put out 扑灭，熄灭put through 接通电话put up 举起；建造；张贴put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍即学即练10(1)She often _ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。(2)Can I _ you/your name _ as golf club secretary？我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书怎么样？(3)We have _ the wedding _ one week.我们已将婚礼提前了一周。(4)_ your watch _； youre five minutes slow.把你的表往前拨一下，你慢了5分钟。puts forwardputforwardputforward byPutforward11apart from除之外take.apart把拆开tell.apart区分，辨别set/put apart留出即学即练11(1)_ the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了花钱以外，还要花很多时间。(2)I have nothing _ the clothes I am wearing.除了我身上穿的衣服以外，我什么也没有。(3)The mechanics _ the engine _.机械师把发动机拆开了。(4)Its almost impossible to _ Jackie and Moira _ since they had their hair cut.杰姬和莫伊拉把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区别开来。Apart fromapart fromtookaparttellapart12make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义make sense of sth. 懂；了解的含义make no sense 讲不通；无意义in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上in no sense 决不是；决非There is no sense in doing sth. 做没必要/道理a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感common sense 常识即学即练12(1)What he says _.他说的有道理。(2)Can you _ this poem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗？(3)What you say is true _.你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。(4)That just _ me.那对我毫无意义。makes sensemake sense ofin a sensemakes no sense to(5)_ does this excuse their actions.这决不能成为他们行为的托辞。(6)_in getting upset about it now.现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。 In no senseThere is no sense.重点句型详解1So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 因此每次暴发(霍乱)时，就有大批惊恐的人死去。这是由名词词组 every time 充当连词的时间状语从句，意为“每当”，相当于 when。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：(1)不定代词time如：any time, each time.(2)序数词time如：the first/last time.(3)the瞬时名词如：the minute/moment/instant(4)the时间名词如：the day/night/month/time.He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.他第一次做实验就成功了。Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.等他一到，我就把你的口信给他。He bought a computer the day he got his salary.他发工资那天买了一台电脑。即境活用1The boys ran off_ they saw the owner of the orchard (果园)Aat timesBthe hourCthe moment Dat once答案：C解析：句中 the moment 引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。2Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。Only in this way can you make progress.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年战争结束时他才能回家。拓展：if only要是该多好，但愿。if only从句可单独使用，这时要用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望用 had done；与现在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示与将来相反的愿望用 “would/could/might动词原形”。If only I had gone to Beijing.我要是去了北京就好了。If only he could come tomorrow.他要是明天能来就好了。即境活用2_both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.AOnly if BUnlessCIf only DAs long as答案：A解析：主句中用了“will主语be”倒装结构，故选 Only if。易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1. defeat/beat/win这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。(1)defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。(2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。应用1用defeat, beat, win填空(1)He _ all his opponents in the election.(2)Peasants _ the drought and reaped a good harvest.(3)After a hearttoheart talk, I _ his belief at last.defeated/beatbeatwon(4)The enemys plot was _ very soon.(5)We wouldnt have _without your help.(6)Mary _ first prize for swimming.defeatedwonwon2. cure/treat/heal(1)treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb. for sth.医治某人病；还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat.as把看作/视为。(2)cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可接sb. of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。(3)heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound, cut, injury, burn等。应用2(1)He _ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。(2)The doctors are trying to _ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。(3)His wound is _ over.他的伤口正在愈合。 (4)The medicine will _ you of your cough.这药能治好你的咳嗽。(5)When I left hospital I was completely _.出院时我已完全康复了。treatedtreathealingcurecured3. announce/declare(1)announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思。(2)declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。应用3(1)This powerful country _ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。(2)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。declaredannounced4. apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besidesapart from 除之外(既可以表示 except或 except for，也可以表示 besides)in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides)in addition to 除以外还(相当于介词 besides)as well as 还；既又；也(相当于介词 besides)except (but) 除之外(不包括在内)except for 除之外(强调有美中不足)except that (what/when/where) 除了besides 除之外 (包括在内)；况且；此外应用4用上述词或词组填空(1)I like her _ she is angry.(2)I have read a lot of novels _some short stories.(3)Your composition is very good _ some spelling mistakes.(4)_， we have a researchoriented program.(5)They all went to sleep _ the little boy.except whenin addition to/besides/as well as/apart fromapart from/except forIn addition/Besidesapart from/except高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1A nurse _(照料) to his needs constantly.2Mr Smith is a _(内科医师) in the hospital.3A scientific theory is the result of the _ (科学的) method.4She doesnt want to _ (暴露) herself to the public, because she is a shy girl.5Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _(挑战) we face.attendedphysicianscientificexposechallenges 6He drew a c_ after a lot of experiments.7Who is to b_ for starting the fire?8A_ from your spelling, your composition is rather good.9Have they a_ when the plane will take off?10You must be c_ when crossing the street.conclusionblameApartannouncedcautious/careful .单项选择1(2010桂林中学)His failure at _ first attempt didnt disappoint him. Instead, he gathered his courage and tried _ second time.Athe; the Bthe; aCa; the Da; a答案：B解析：考查冠词的用法。第一空序数词前要加定冠词the，此处指第一次尝试；a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，用不定冠词。2(2010陕西西安质检)It doesnt make sense _ after _. You should cheer up and practice hard instead.Ato complain; being defeatedBcomplain; defeatingCcomplain; being defeatedDto complain; defeating答案：A解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，由此可以排除B、C两项；根据语意可知，you与defeat是动宾关系，即要用被动形式，由此可以排除D项。故选A。3The doctor _ the patient with great care and said there was nothing wrong with him.Atested BattendedCexamined Dchecked答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。examine “仔细检查，以找出线索或发现问题”，合题意。test 指检测某人的品质、能力或事物的质量、性能；attend“出席，参加”；check“检查，核对”，强调检验事物是否与预料中的现象或标准一致。4In my opinion, it is the coach rather than the players that _.Ais to blame Bis to be blamedCare to blame Dare to be blamed答案：A解析：此题既考查语法主谓一致，又考查单词 blame 的习惯用法用主动表被动。句意为“在我看来，是教练而不是队员该受责备”。5He has no other interests _his work.Afar from Baway fromCapart from Dexcept that答案：C解析：apart from “除了”，既可表示“除之外没有”，相当于 except, 也可表示“除之外也/还”，相当于 besides。6What do you think of the plan he _ at the meeting?Very good. But the most important is to put it into _.Aput up; action Bput forward; practiceCput aside; practice Dput away; truth答案：B解析：put forward 的意思是“提出意见、计划”，put into practice 意思为“实施；实行”。7Eating too much fat can_heart disease and cause high blood pressure.Arelate to Bcontribute toCattend to Ddevote to答案：B解析：contribute to “有助于，成为的原因，对有贡献”，在此相当于 lead to 或result in。relate to 和有关系；attend to 注意，专心，处理； devote to 致力于。8The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.Ato be completed Bhaving been completedCcompleted Dbeing completed答案：C解析：complete和 the Town Hall之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词短语来做定语。9_the sun for long, youll get sunburnt.AExposed to BBeing exposedCExposing to DTo expose to答案：A解析：exposed to 在句中做状语，表示“被暴露在阳光下”。10Although this medicine can cure you _ your illness, it has a bad effect _ you.Afor; in Bfor; onCof; on Dof; at答案：C解析：考查介词搭配。cure.of.治愈；have a bad effect on 对有坏的影响。11When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely_a magazine.Aabsorbing in Babsorbed inCabsorbing to Dabsorbed to答案：B解析：句意为“当我打开门时，我发现父亲正坐在椅子上，全神贯注地读杂志”。be absorbed in.“全神贯注于”，在句中用做伴随状语，应用过去分词形式。12How about joining us in the game?Im sorry. I have an urgent matter to _.Arelate to Bhandle toCattend to Drefer to答案：C解析：句意为：同我们一起做游戏怎么样？抱歉。我有急事要处理。attend to处理，照顾。relate to与有联系；handle处理；refer to指，谈到，提到。13(2010山东潍坊质量监测)Faced with a problem, you have to _ it first, and then try to find a solution.Aresemble BsubstituteCconcentrate Danalyze答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。语意为：面对问题，你必须先分析，然后尽力找出解决办法。resemble看起来像；substitute代替；concentrate集中(注意力)；analyze分析。14I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally _ a passenger, but he pointed at his “Not for Hire” sign and drove away.Aresisting BrejectingCreducing Dremoving答案：B解析：reject拒绝接受；resist抵抗，反抗；reduce减少；remove去掉。15Have you heard of a person in Qingdao who won a million in the lottery?A million! _ we had won it.AWhat if BOnly ifCWhat about DIf only答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。从后面的had won可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式，而选项中只有D项后面的句子用虚拟语气，故选D项。What if.“如果怎么办？”；Only if.“只有”；What about.“怎么样？”；If only.“但愿；要是就好了”。句意：“你听说了吗？青岛的一个人买彩票中了一百万大奖！”“一百万！要是我们中了就好了。” .完形填空I had my first chocolate bar at five.Ill never forget the delicious，comforting taste. It was World War.I lived in a small town in Europe when the Russian army _1_ west toward Nazi Germany.Many people in our village fled in _2_.In the _3_ , I stood with my 12yearold sister，Elyte，near the railroad station, _4_ a train leaving for Germany waited. Only families were _5_ to board the train.Just before departure，a woman _6_ alone approached us. “Ill take care of him，”she told Elyte, and _7_ me onto the train as it left the station. The entire trip I_8_for my mother. We arrived in Hamburg.Dead bodies_9_the bombedout streets.Now that the woman had _10_ escaped the small town she had no more use for me.I lived on the streets，like thousands of _11_ children in that wartorn city.I _12_ by stealing food.Still，there was never enough.I was skin and bones，close to_13_. Then the American troops arrived.They looked so big and _14_. Stealing food from them was easy.Id _15_ into the hall, hide under a table and make off with loaves of fresh bread. One afternoon as I hid behind a tent in search of food，a huge hand lifted me up by the _16_ , an American soldier.“Got ya！”he shouted. I was scared, and I could see it _17_ him.“Its okay, kid，”he said. He reached into his uniform and handed me a chocolate bar. “Here，have some of this.”I unwrapped it and took a small _18_. As with that first taste of chocolate, I thought Id gone to _19_. The soldier took me to an orphanage(孤儿院) run by the Red Cross. Soon after，a family who lived in Pennsylvania adopted me and brought me up. God, I want to pay _20_ all the people who were so good to me，I prayed.1A. swept B. occupied C. fought D. defeated2A. hurry B. danger C. panic D. surprise3
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