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Section Grammar & Writing,1.,2.,状语从句 状语从句主要分为时间、地点、条件、原 因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果状语从句等, 本模块重点讲解时间、条件和让步状语从句.,一、时间状语从句 1when, while 和as 三者都有“当的时候”之意, 都可引导时间状语从句.,2.till 和 until 在肯定句中, 主句谓语动词为延续性动词; 表示“直到为止”. 在否定句中, 构成not. until/till 结构, 表示“直到才”, 主句谓语动词为终止性动词. till 和until 一般可互换, 但 till 不置于句首; until 可以置于句首,The stranger waited till my master came home. 那个陌生人一直等到我主人回家. I didnt go to bed until/till my father came back. 直到我父亲回来, 我才上床睡觉.,【提示】当not until. 置于句首时, 句子部分倒装. 其强调句为： It is/was not until. that Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it. It was not until we pointed out their fault that they realized it.直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误, 他们才意识到.,3before 和since 引导的时间状语从句 (1)若表达“还未就”“不到就”“才”“趁, 还没来得及”时, 需用连词before. 例如： He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了.,(2)It will be 时间段before sb. do (does)“多久之后才”. It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement. 要过3天后经理才签那份协议. (3)since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动 词, 主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作.,since 从句的时态通常是一般过去时, 主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时. He has written to me frequently since I got sick. 自从我病了以后, 他经常给我写信.,(4)在It is 时间段 since 从句句型中, 时间的计算一律从since 从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起. It is half a year since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有半年了. It is three years since he smoked. 他戒烟有三年了.,4immediately, instantly, the instant, the moment/minute 等引导时间状语从句, 相当于 as soon as, 表示“一就”, 表示从句的动作一发生, 主句的动作随即发生. The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. 我一听到消息, 马上赶到了(出事)地点.,As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大, 就给你打电话. 提示hardly (scarcely, rarely) when/before, no sooner. than 相当于 as soon as. 主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时. 当hardly, scarcely, rarely 和no sooner 位于句首时, 主句应用倒装语序.,He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家, 就被邀请开始另一旅程. No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence with work. 太阳刚从地平线上升起, 他就起床劳动去了.,5由each time, every time, the first time 等引导的时间状语从句 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨, 总是来看我.,6whenever 引导时间状语从句, 表示“每当时”. Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie. 每当那个人说“说实话”的时候, 我猜想他就要说谎了.,二、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing (that), only if, if only等. 若主句是将来时, 条件状语从句用一般现在时表示.,1if 与unless 后者在意义上相当于“if. not”, 而且语气较 强, 一般不用于虚拟语气. Ill buy a computer unless Im not able to save up enough money. 我将买台计算机, 除非我不能存下足够的钱.,2suppose/supposing (that), provided/providing (that) 假如Suppose you had a million pounds, how would you spend it？假如你有一百万英镑, 你怎么花呢？ Supposing (that) it rains, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话, 我们在室内比赛行吗？,3as (so) long as (只要); on condition (that) (在条件下; 倘若) As long as it doesnt rain, we can play. 只要不下雨我们就能玩. You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat. 你要穿上外衣才能出去.,4only if(只要; 只有), if only (但愿, 要是该多好). only if 引导真实条件句, 用于句首, 主句主谓倒装, if only 一般引导虚拟条件句或感叹句. Only if a teacher has given permission, is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教师的许可, 学生才可以进这间屋子. (真实条件句),If only he had come, he would have met you. 他要是来的话会见到你的. (虚拟条件句) 三、让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether. or.; no matter 疑问词, 疑问词ever.,1though, although “尽管, 虽然” Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了, 但仍然继续工作. 提示这两个连词意思大致相同, 在一般情 况下可以互换使用. 在口语中, though 较常使用, although 比though 正式, 二者都可与yet, still 或nevertheless 连用, 但不能与but 连用.,although 引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多, though 引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后. 2as 引导让步状语从句, 表示“尽管; 即使; 虽然”. as 引导的让步状语从句中表语、状语或动词原形必须提到as 之前, though 也可用于这样的结构中, 但 although 不可以这样用.,Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. (Though he works hard, he makes little progress.) 尽管他学习很努力, 但几乎没取得什么进步. Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.,(Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)虽然他是一个孩子, 但他知道该做什么. 3even if, even though 表示“即使”, “纵使”之意. Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好, 我们也要去旅行.,4whether. or. 表示“不论是否”, “不管是还是”之意. 由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果. Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你忙不忙, 都要参加这个典礼.,5“no matter 疑问词”或 “疑问词ever” however (无论怎样), whatever(无论什么), whoever(无论谁), whomever(无论谁), whichever(无论哪个), whenever(无论何时), wherever(无论哪里), no matter(who, what, where, when, etc.)(无论)引导让步状语从句时, 两种形式可以互换.,No matter what happened, he would not mind. (Whatever happened, he would not mind.) 无论发生了什么, 他都不会介意的. 提示“no matter 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句, 而“疑问词ever”还可以引导名词性从句.,Whatever(No matter what) you say, I wont believe you.无论你说什么, 我都不会相信你. Ill eat whatever(no matter what) you give me. 你给我吃什么, 我就吃什么.,.用适当的连词填空 1I was about to leave my house _ there was a knock at the door. 2Hardly had I clicked my mail box _ I found an Email from my teacher. 3No sooner had Tom locked the door _ he realized he left the key in the room,when,when,than,4You will lose your chance of going to college _ you study hard. 5_ I could say anything, he had disappeared. 6Ill ring you _ I get an answer from him. 7Dont promise anything _ youre 100 percent sure.,unless,Before,as soon as,unless,8He has worked very hard _ he entered the factory. .完成句子 1Many of them didnt follow his advice, _(即使他们知道) it to be valuable.,since,even though they knew,2I wont call you, _ (除非有意外的事情发生) 3._(如果他没有伤到腿的话), John would have won the race.,unless something unexpected happens,If he had not hurt his leg,4Are you ready for Spain? Yes, I want the girls to experience that _(在她们还小的时候) 5The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will _ (很长时间后我们才能再见到他们),while they are young,be a long time before we meet them again,.单项填空 1(2011高考山东卷)He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture. Aeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that,解析：选C. 考查状语从句引导词. 句意 “他准备好了相机以防看到可以拍摄的景物. ” in case 为“以防; 以免”, even if 为“即使”, if only 为“如果”, so that“为了, 以便”.,2(2011高考大纲全国卷)It was a nice meal, _ a little expensive. Athough Bwhether Cas Dsince 解析：选A. 考查连词. 句意：那顿饭真美味, 尽管有点贵. though “尽管”, 引导让步状语从句, 该句使用了省略形式, 补全为“though it was a little expensive” 注意 as 也可以表示“尽管”, 但 as 作此意时必须使用倒装结构.,3(2011高考上海卷)If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. Awhether Bafter Cthough Duntil 解析：选D. 考查状语从句和连词. 句意为：如果众人都说一部电影不好, 我不会急着去看, 或者会等到DVD出来.,4(2012兰州一中高二年级考试)I found her nice and honest _ I saw her. Afor the first time Bthe first time Con the first time Dat first 解析：选B. 考查状语从句的连接词. 此处 the first time 名词用作连词, 意为 “一就”.,5(2012河南实验中学第一次月考)_ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. AIf BWhile CBecause DAs 解析：选B. 考查状语从句的连接词. 此处 while 意为“尽管”. 句意：尽管网络有很大的帮助, 但我认为花费太多的时间上网不是个好主意.,6(2012桂林中学第一次月考)How long is it _ we last had a picnic together? Auntil Bbefore Cthat Dsince 解析：选D. 考查时间状语从句的连接词. 根据一般过去时态可知用 since.,7(2012日照一中高二年级学段调研) _, the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true. ABeing disabled as they BAlthough disabled they are CDisabled though they are DAs they are disabled 解析：选C. 考查让步状语从句. 此处though 相当于 as, 把形容词提前其他不变.,8When _ to the tree, the poor boy burst into tears and called for help. Afinding tie Bfound tied Cfound being tied Dfound to tie 解析：选B. 句意：当发现被捆在树上, 那个可怜的孩子突然哭了起来并寻求帮助. 前面属于状语从句的省略, 补充完整为：When the poor boy was found tied to the tree.,9(2012高安中学高二考试)In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering. Awhoever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwherever 解析：选D. 考查让步状语从句的连接词. 不管哪里有灾难, 红十字会就会送去帮助.,10(2012哈师大附中考试)What does it matter whether you are rich or poor, _ you are happy? Aas long as Bunless Ceven if Dthough 解析：选A. 句意：只要你快乐, 是富有还是贫穷那重要吗？ as long as “只要”, 符合句 意.,如何写好通知 写作要求 假如有一批澳大利亚中学生在京旅游, 住在北京饭店, 请用英语为他们拟一个参观颐和园的口头通知, 内容要点如下： 1参观时间：五月四日, 星期二,2颐和园简介：它是中国最大的保存完好的皇家园林, 风景优美, 甚是迷人, 有山有水, 有皇家建筑和画廊. 3活动安排：上午自由参观, 中午在快餐馆吃午饭, 下午530返回宾馆. 4集合时间：星期二早上610, 汽车630开, 行驶45分钟.,5集合地点：宾馆大门口. 要求：不要逐条翻译 词数：100词左右. _ _ _ _ _,审题谋篇,词汇突破,on Tuesday, May 4,wellkept,royal park,be struck by,beautiful scenery,fastfood restaurant,gather at the hotel gate,on time,写作要点 1我们将在五月四日星期二参观颐和园. _ the Summer Palace on Tuesday, May 4. 2颐和园是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林. The Summer Palace _ in China.,We will visit,is the largest wellkept royal park,3你们会被它的美景迷住. You _ its beautiful scenery. 4星期二早上610在宾馆门口集合. Gather at the hotel gate at 610 _.,will be struck by,on Tuesday morning,佳作欣赏 Dear friends, May I have your attention please? We will visit the Summer Palace on Tuesday, May 4. The Summer Palace is the largest wellkept royal park in China. In the park there is water and manpiled hills. There are some royal buildings and a gallery, too.,I am sure you will be struck by its beautiful scenery. In the morning we will be free to visit the different places of the Summer Palace and then we will have lunch in the fastfood restaurant. We will get back to the hotel at half five. Please gather at the hotel gate at 610 on Tuesday morning. The buses will start at 630., It will take us about 45 minutes to get there. Please be on time. Thats all. Thank you.,名师点津 【美文点津】 亮点一：符合口头通知的特点和要求, 简明扼要, 富有条理. 亮点二：恰当地使用了there be 句型、宾语从句、并列句以及it takes sb. some time to do sth. 句式.,亮点三：用词准确, 表达清晰, 如 royal park、 gallery、 be struck、 beautiful scenery 以及时间的表达方式都非常准确. 【类文点津】 1口头通知的写法 通知是一种常见的应用文体, 用来把有关事情告知特定的读者或听众. 通知的正文就是通告的内容, 是通知的主体部分,包括通告的对象、事由、时间和地点等. 通知分为书面通知和口头通知两种. 这两种通知在格式上存在一定的差别. 1口头通知：口头通知是通过口述由一方向另一方传达情况、布置事项等的一种文体. 写口头通知的注意事项：,(1)开头处可以有称呼, 具体因通知对象而异, 可以顶格写, 如：“Girls and boys, ” “Ladies and gentlemen, ” “Comrades and friends, ”和“Teachers and fellow students, ”等. (2)要有开头语, 如“May I have your attention, please？”或“Attention please, everyone！”. 还可以说“I have an,announcement to make.”或“I have good news for you all.”等. (3)口头通知一般不用写题目, 也不用写通知时间和通知的单位. (4)最好有结束语. 如“Thank you (for your attention)”“Everybody is welcome.”“Please be there on time.”或“Dont forget, will you？”等.,(5)语言应符合口语习惯, 可用缩写形式, 句子不可过长或复杂. 2常用表达 写通知时, 常用句型如下： (1)May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. Attention, please, everyone! I have an announcement to make.,请大家注意, 我要通知一件事. (2)Listen, please! There is something important you need to know. Listen, please! I have something important to tell you. 请注意！有件重要的事情要让大家知道. (3)There is going to be. Be quiet, please! 将要, 请大家安静！,(4)Any questions? Does everyone understand? 还有问题吗？大家都清楚了吗？ (5)Thank you for your attention! 谢谢大家 (注意)!,(6)Everybody is welcome. Please be there on time. 欢迎大家来参加, 请按时到场. Dont forget, will you? 别忘了, 好吗？ Thats all. Thank you. 就这样, 谢谢.,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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