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Section Grammar & Writing,在英语中, 在不同的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态, 要用动词不同的形式表示出来, 动词的这种不同形式就构成了动词的时态.,复习动词时态(一) 本模块的语法是复习动词时态的形式, 包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和一般将来时. 时态一直是高考的热点和难点, 也是学生必须熟练掌握的基本语法项目.,一、一般现在时 1. 表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为, 表示现状、特征或真理、永恒的客观事实. 一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来作时间状语：always, often, never, seldom, usually, once a week, now等. He often visits his teachers. 他经常去拜访他的老师.,It seldom snows here.这地方很少下雪. Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩. The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转. 2. 用于时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中表示将要发生的动作, 其主句用一般将来时.,I will tell you when he comes.他来时我会告诉你的. Though the task is very hard, we will not give it up. 尽管任务很艰巨, 可是我们是不会放弃的. 3. 表示一个按计划或安排将要发生的动作, 或者表示根据时间的安排将要出现的状态.,通常用的动词有begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等. The meeting begins at six.会议6点钟开始. The train arrives at the station at 5 in the morning. 火车将在早晨5点钟进站.,【助记】 一般现在时可表示永恒的真理或客观存在的事实, 也可表示现在习惯性动作, 还可表示现在瞬间发生的事.,二、现在进行时 【助记】,1. 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作. 与这种时态连用的时间状语常有now, these days, recently, this week等. Listen, someone is crying.听, 有人在哭. What are you doing these days？你最近在忙些什么？ 2. 表示含有某种感情色彩.,How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样？(显得亲切) He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好. (赞扬) 3. 动词go, come, leave, arrive等表将要发生的动作. They are leaving for Shanghai. 他们要去上海了.,Are you meeting him when you arrive there? 你到那儿时要跟他见面吗？ 4. 与always, all the time, forever连用, 表示频繁发生的动作, 相当于“老是”, 表示说话人某种赞赏或厌恶的感情. He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人. The girl is always getting up late. 这女孩老是起晚.,三、现在完成时 【助记】 表示发生在过去但对现在有影响或持续到现在, 可能刚停止, 也可能还在进行的动作.,1. 表示动作从过去开始, 持续到现在, 还有可能持续下去. 与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, since, for短语以及连词since引导的时间状语从句. We have lived here since 2001. 我们从2001年就住在这儿.,Great changes have taken place in our city in the past few years. 最近几年我们的城市有了很大变化. 2. 到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况, 即多次动作的总和. We have learnt four English songs this month. 这一个月我们学会了四首英文歌曲.,How many times have you read the novel? 这本小说你读了几遍？ 3. 表示对现在有影响的、某个已经发生的动作. The delegation has left. 代表团已经走了. (说明现在不在这里) 4. 表示短暂性动作的瞬间动词在完成时中不与表示时间段的状语或疑问词连用.,这样的动词有finish, marry, come, go, leave, get up, buy, fall, join, begin等. He has left.他已经走了. 【提示】 since的用法点金 (1)since过去一个时间点(如具体的年、 月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six).,I have been here since 1989.我自从1989年就在这里了. (2)since一段时间ago I have been here since five months ago. 我从五个月以前就在这里了. (3)since从句 Great changes have taken place since you left 自从你离开后发生了巨大的变化.,(4)It is一段时间since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我成为一名研究生已经两年了. (5)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”, 这是最常见的一种用法.,He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校, 学习就非常努力. (6)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是“从那个持续动作或状态结束时算起”.,John is now with his parents in New York; it is already three years since he was a teacher. 约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约, 他不当老师已经三年了.,四、一般将来时 【助记】 表示将要发生的动作或情况, 主要从时间的角度表示将要发生的动作或情况. 与这个时态连用的时间状语有tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later等.,He will have a bike of his own next week. 他下周就会有自己的自行车. I think they will help you if you tell them. 我认为只要你告诉他们, 他们会帮助你的. 【归纳】 其他表示将来的用法： (1)be going to结构：表示打算或准备做某事. 表示有发生某事的预兆.,They are going to have a competition with us. 他们打算跟我们来一场比赛. It is going to rain.天要下雨了. (2)be about to do sth.结构：意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”, 强调时间之紧迫性, 不与具体时间状语连用, 常与when一起连用.,We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题. I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正打算要出去, 这时候电话响了. (3)be to do sth.结构：表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事.,All these things are to be answered. 所有这些事情都要得到答复. We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning. 我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头. (4)come, go, leave, arrive, start等词也可以用一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来. The party starts at eight oclock. 聚会将在8点钟开始.,.用since和for完成下面的对话 M：Henry and Kate have been married _1962. F：They have been married _a long time M：Henry and Kate have lived in Seattle _1965. F: They have lived in Seattle _a long time.,since,for,since,for,M：Henry has worked as a fireman _1970. F：He has worked as a fireman _many years. .用动词的适当形式填空 1. Where is mother? She is in the kitchen.She _ (do) the housework all the morning.,since,for,has been doing,2. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, Ill stay at home without going out. 3. Mr.Smith as well as his wife and daughter, _ (be) their school twice. 4. This tower _ (date) back to 1860s and it is still in good condition. 5. Hi, George, can I use your car for a while tonight?,rains,has been to,dates,Sorry.It _ (repair). 6. I saw Tom drinking alone just now. But as far as I know, he _(drink) little. 7. The 30th Olympic Games _ (hold) in London in 2012. 8. Tom, as well as Jane and Rose, _(be) going to the farm on foot.,is being repaired,drinks,will be held,is,9. After leaving college, Mike was employed in an international company and _(work) there ever since. 10. Thirty thousand yuan as well as hundreds of tons of food _(offer) to the flooded area in the last few days.,has worked,has been offered,.单项填空 1. (2011高考课标全国卷)Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. A. Made B. is making C. makes D. has made,解析：选C. 本题考查时态. 句意：这么早做计划没有什么意义到明年很多事情就会变了. 一般现在时指经常发生的事或存在的状态, 由译文可知本句表达目前的状况, 符合一般现在时的概念, 故答案为C项.,2. (2011高考天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced,解析：选B. 句意：在过去的几年里, 全世界已经制作了几千部电影. in the last/past few years (在过去的几年里)通常与现在完成时连用; 另外, 根据句意及句子结构可知：此句为被动含义, 所以用现在完成时态的被动语态形式.,3. (2011高考江苏卷)I hear you _ in a pub.Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working,解析：选A. 本题考查动词时态. 句意：我听说你在酒吧工作, 这份工作怎么样？哦, 很辛苦, 我总是觉得累, 但我不介意. 由Im always tired, but I dont mind可知现在还在做这份工作, 故排除B、C、D三项. 选择A项.,4. The vegetable looking fresh in his field _well.Its often sold out the minute it appears in the market. A. has sold B. has been sold C. is sold D. sells 解析：选D. 考查时态语态. sell well意为“销路好”. 表示通常情况, 应用一般现在时.,5. What is the price of petrol these days? Oh, it _sharply since last month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased 解析：选B. 考查现在完成时. 句意：近来石油价格如何？哦, 自上月以来油价猛涨. 由句中since可知, 主句应用现在完成时. 表示物价, 河水上升用rise, 而arise表示出现, 发生; increase增加. 故选B.,6. (2012南阳高二检测)Look! How long _like this? Three weeks！Its usual here that rain _without stopping these days of the year A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; pours C. is it raining; is pouring D. does it rain; pours,解析：选B. 句意：看！雨像这个样子下了多长时间了？ 三周了！每年的这些日子这里连续不断地下雨是很平常的. 第一个空是指从过去到现在一直在持续进行的动作, 应用现在完成进行时; 第二个空是指客观事实, 应用一般现在时.,7. Ann is in hospital. Oh, really？I _know.I _go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will 解析：选D. 句意：“安住院了. ”“真的 吗？我还不知道呢, 我要去看看她. ”“不知道安住院”是说话之前的事,故第一空用一般过去时; “要去看安”是临时决定将要做的事, 故用will do表示一般将来时. 8. Is everyone here? Not yet.Look, there _the rest of our guests! A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming,解析：选A. 考查倒装语序和时态. 当表示方位的副词there, here, away, out, in, down, up等位于句首, 谓语是不及物动词sit, lie, live, stand, run, come, go等, 主语又是名词时, 常用完全倒装的形式. 由于该句主语the rest指代guests是复数, 所以应选A项.,9. (2012泰安高二检测)Whats the noise? Oh, I forget to tell you.The new machine _. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 解析：选C. 句意：什么声音？哦, 我忘了告诉你了. 正在检测新机器. 谓语动词是正在进行的动作, 且与主语之间是被动关 系, 故用现在进行时的被动语态.,10. (2012福州三中月考)Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _out. have had; is running B. had; is running C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run,解析：选A. 考查动词时态. 第一空由up till now可知用现在完成时; 第二空用进行时表将来时.,应用文写作：建议信 写作要求 假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文. 请你根据下列要点写一封回信.,要点：1.参加中文学习班; 2. 看中文书刊、电视; 3. 学唱中文歌曲; 4. 交中国朋友; 注意：1.词数100左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯. _,审题谋篇,词汇突破,ask for ones advice on,give you some advice on,how to learn Chinese well,take,learn from,newspapers and magazines,watch,chinese songs,make,写作要点 1. 在信中你问我如何学好中文. In your letter _ how to learn Chinese well. 2. 我给你一些如何学好中文的建议. _how to learn Chinese well.,you asked for my advice on,I give you some advice on,3. 我建议你去上中文课. _that you should take a Chinese course. 4. 你应该尽可能多地阅读中文书籍、杂志和报纸, 这样可以多记住一些中文单词. You should read Chinese books, magazines and newspapers _, so you can remember more Chinese words.,I suggest,whenever possible,5. 学唱中文歌曲也是个好办法. _ learn and sing Chinese songs. 6. 下次试着用汉语给我写信. Try and _ in Chinese next time.,It should be a good idea to,write to me,佳作欣赏 June 8,2011 Dear Peter, Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course,as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.,You can also make more Chinese friends.They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write to me in Chinese next time. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua,名师点津 【美文点津】 亮点一：运用了动词ing、疑问词的不定式作宾语使句子结构复杂多样. 亮点二：first, then, besides等关联词运用得当, 使前后衔接自然. 亮点三：三处it代替不定式作形式主语. 亮点四：as和because引导的原因状语从句, 使用得当.,【类文点津】 1. 建议信的结构 建议信一般采取“三段式结构”, 通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least等依次陈述建议. 首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢, 亦可表明自己的诚意.,中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题, 结构清晰、用语科学委婉地提出建议方法. 注意充分考虑到对方的实际问题, 表达时要选择得体用语. 切忌用语生硬牵强, 泛泛而谈. 尾段：简单寄予希望. 希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助.,2. 常用表达 建议信开头常用句式： I am writing to express my views about. You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make some suggestions. Thanks for trusting me.Its my pleasure to give you the suggestions.,表达建议常用句式： I would like to suggest that. Youd better./Its better to. As far as I am concerned./In my opinion. For one thing., for another. The first place.Secondly, .Last but not least.,建议信结尾常用句式： These are only my personal suggestions.I hope you will find them useful/helpful. I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail. Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need help. Im looking forward to your reply.,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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