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第二节方法运用于命题,专题二完形填空,栏目索引,完形填空的常考命题,跟踪训练,1.记叙文记叙文主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的状态及其发展过程，用以表现作者的思想，抒发某种情感的文章形式。近年来高考记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主，解答记叙文体的完形填空时，应着重把握以下几点：(1)抓住文章中心思想。中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。(2)明确叙述角度。记叙文通常有两大叙述角度：第一和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述；第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度,完形填空的常考命题,客观地记人、叙事、状物。(3)理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法。(4)明确写作要素。包括事件、人物、时间、地点、原因和结果等。(5)洞悉写作目的。只有心中有了目的，在情节选择和细节描写上才会作出合理的安排。明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。,2.夹叙夹议文该类题目的特点是：作者先叙述一个事件，然后提出自己的见解或揭示蕴含的哲理，或是作者边叙述边议论，揭示社会现象等。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，要理清文章的脉络与结构，把作者叙述的故事和要表达的观点结合起来分析，并且要把握好关联词语，还要把握语气、动作等细节的描写，从而与作者达到共鸣。,3.议论文议论文通过剖析事物来论述道理、提出主张、发表见解等。这种文体一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山式。提出论点引用具体的论据总结全文。(2)导入式。叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象针对问题，提出论点用论据说明论点。(3)结尾式。列举生活现象分析具体现象得出结论。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就把握了文章的脉络，理解文章就容易了。,4.说明文说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。说明文的文章多用现在时态，语言平实、准确；常采用客观描述；文章主题明确，层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面的解题技巧：(1)明确说明对象，理清段落联系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。,(2)弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度：在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。,点津,无论哪个体裁的文章，考生都应先通读全文、掌握大意，然后多种解题方法并用，即往往是多种方法解一种题，而不是一种方法对应一种题。,(2017天津)AtmyheaviestIweighed370pounds.Ihadaverypoorrelationshipwithfood：Iuseditto16badfeelings，tomakemyselffeelbetter，andtocelebrate.Worriedaboutmyhealth，Itriedmanydifferentkindsof17butnothingworked.IcametobelievethatIcoulddonothingaboutmy18.WhenIwas50，myweightproblembegantoaffectme19.Ididntwanttolivetherestofmylifewiththis20weightanymore.,记叙文,典例1,Thatyear，I21aseminarwherewewereaskedtocreateaprojectthatwouldtouchtheworld.Aseminarleadersharedher22storyshehadnotonlylost125pounds，butalsoraised25,000forhomelesschildren.23byherstory，IcreatedtheAsWeHeal(痊愈)，theWorldHeals24.Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise50,00025amovementfounded30yearsagotoendhunger.Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworld26meastheperfectsolution.,27Ibeganmyownpersonalweightprogram，IwasfilledwiththefearthatIwould28thesamedifficultiesthatbeatmebefore.Whilethe29hungovermyhead，therewerealsosignsthatIwasheadeddowntheright30.IsentletterstoeveryoneIknew，tellingthemaboutmyproject.Itworkedperfectly.Donationsbegan31infromhundredsofpeople.,Ofcourse，Ialsotooksomepracticalstepstoloseweight.Iconsultedwithaphysician(内科医生)，Ihiredafitnesscoach，andIbegantoeatsmalland32meals.Myfund-raisingfocusalsogavemenewmotivationtoexercise33.Ayearlater，I34mygoal：Ilost150poundsandraised50,000！IfeelthatIvebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatis35andenormous.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己深受体重的困扰，后来决心改变自己，通过创办一个项目，在使自己的体重降下来的同时，还募集了很多资金，帮助了别人。,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“tomakemyselffeelbetter”可知，此处应填kill，表示“用这种方式来消除负面情绪(killbadfeelings)”。add增加；mix混合；kill终止，结束；share分享。,16.A.addB.mixC.killD.share,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据上文提到的“weighed370pounds”以及food，health可知，此处是说“我尝试了很多不同的节食方法”。diet节食；drink饮料；fruit水果；dish菜肴。,17.A.dietsB.drinksC.fruitsD.dishes,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。上文提到尝试了很多不同的节食方法，下文接着提到weightproblem，所以此处表示“我对自己的体重束手无策”。height身高；ability能力；wisdom智慧；weight体重。,18.A.heightB.abilityC.wisdomD.weight,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据后句“Ididntwanttolivetherestofmylife.”可知，体重问题开始严重地影响了“我”。temporarily暂时地；recently最近；seriously严重地；secretly秘密地。,19.A.temporarilyB.recentlyC.seriouslyD.secretly,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上文提到“我不想度过我的余生”，所以此处应填extra，表示“带着这些额外的体重”。ideal理想的；extra额外的；normal正常的；low低的。,20.A.idealB.extraC.normalD.low,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“wewereaskedto”可知，此处应是“我参加了一个培训会”。attend参加；organize组织；recommend推荐；mention提及。,21.A.attendedB.organizedC.recommendedD.mentioned,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据下文中的“shehadnotonlylost125pounds，butalsoraised25,000”可知，分享的应是一个成功故事。folk民间音乐；success成功；adventure冒险；science科学。,22.A.folkB.successC.adventureD.science,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据上下文可知，受一位培训会领导者成功故事的影响，作者创办了一个项目。surprise使惊讶；amuse逗笑；influence影响；disturb打扰。,23.A.SurprisedB.AmusedC.InfluencedD.Disturbed,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据上文中的“wewereaskedtocreateaproject”可知，此处应填project。project项目；business生意；system系统；custom风俗。,24.A.projectB.businessC.systemD.custom,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。募集5万美元来支持一个30年前成立的旨在消除饥饿的运动。insearchof寻找；inneedof需要；inplaceof代替；insupportof支持。,25.A.insearchofB.inneedofC.inplaceofD.insupportof,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。这种治愈自己与治愈世界的结合，在“我”看来是个完美的解决方法。scare吓唬；consider考虑；confuse使困惑；strike突然出现(在脑海里)。strikesb.assth.给某人以某种印象，让某人觉得。,26.A.scaredB.consideredC.confusedD.struck,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。当“我”开始执行自己的个人减肥计划时，“我”充满了恐惧。此处用as引导时间状语从句。as当的时候；until直到为止；if如果；unless除非。,27.A.AsB.UntilC.IfD.Unless,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。根据空前的fear和空后的beatmebefore可知，此处表示“遇到同样的困难”。getover解决，克服；runinto遇到；lookfor寻找；putaside把放下，不考虑。,28.A.getoverB.runintoC.lookforD.putaside,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用词汇复现法解答该题。根据上文中的“Iwasfilledwiththefear”可知，此处应填fear。excitement兴奋；joy喜悦；anger愤怒；fear恐惧。,29.A.excitementB.joyC.angerD.fear,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据下文中的“Itworkedperfectly.”可知，在“我”被恐惧笼罩的同时，也有了“我”朝着正确的路线前进的迹象。row排，行；hall大厅；path路线，道路；street街道。,30.A.rowB.hallC.pathD.street,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、固定搭配法解答该题。数以百计的人的捐款如潮水般涌来。breakin破门而入；floodin涌入；jumpin突然插话；stepin走进，介入。,31.A.breakingB.floodingC.jumpingD.stepping,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。“我”也开始采取一些切实可行的措施来减肥。“我”咨询内科医生，雇用健身教练，开始吃少量而有益健康的食物。heavy重的；full满的；expensive昂贵的；healthy有益健康的。,32.A.heavyB.fullC.expensiveD.healthy,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。“我”对筹款的关注也给了“我”新的动力去经常锻炼。regularly经常；limitlessly无限地；suddenly突然；randomly随意地。,33.A.regularlyB.limitlesslyC.suddenlyD.randomly,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。联系第四段中的“Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise50,000.”和本段中的“Ilost150poundsandraised50,000！”可知，“我”实现了“我”的目标。set树立，创立；reach实现，达到；miss错过，怀念；drop停止，放弃。,34.A.setB.reachedC.missedD.dropped,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。通读整篇文章可知，作者本人通过减肥这件事，身心发生了很大的变化，所以此处是作者的感悟：“我”感觉自己被给予了第二次生命来做有意义的大事。stressful压力重的；painful令人痛苦的；meaningful有意义的；peaceful宁静的。,35.A.stressfulB.painfulC.meaningfulD.peaceful,答案,解析,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,(2016全国)WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.Thatmeant41MillerKing，whowasthebest42atourschool.FootballseasonstartedinSeptemberandallsummerlongIworkedout.Icarriedmyfootballeverywherefor43.,夹叙夹议文,典例2,JustbeforeSeptember，Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.Iwenttoseehimafterhecamebackfrom44.Helookedvery45，buthedidntcry.Thatseason，I46allofMillersrecordswhilehe47thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent101andIwasnamedthemostvaluableplayer，48IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMillers49.,Oneafternoon，IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller50goingoverafencewhichwasnt51toclimbifyouhadbotharms.ImsureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept52from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I53himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally54ontheotherside，hesaidtome，“Youknow，Ididnttellyouthisduringtheseason，butyoudid55.Thankyouforfillinginfor56.”,Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad57.Ithoughttomyself，howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated，hewas58aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave59him.Fromthatdayon，Igrew60andalittlemorereal.,语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者想成为校足球队的明星，通过帮助受伤的MillerKing，使自己真正得到了成长。,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据后半句“他是足球队中最优秀的球员”可知，要想成为足球队的明星就要打败他。故选B。,41.A.cheeringforB.beatingoutC.relyingonD.stayingwith,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文解答该题。根据语境此处应是足球队队员。故选D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,42.A.coachB.studentC.teacherD.player,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为赛季要开始了，所以作者为了达到目标到处练习。故选A。,43.A.practiceB.showC.comfortD.pleasure,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为Miller被车撞了，所以当他从医院回来的时候，作者去看他。故选C。,44.A.schoolB.vacationC.hospitalD.training,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,45.A.paleB.calmC.relaxedD.ashamed,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为刚从医院回来，身体还未康复，所以脸色苍白。故选A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、固定搭配解题法解答该题。根据下一句内容判断作者打破了纪录，故用break。breakrecords为固定搭配，意为“打破纪录”。故选B。,46.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,47.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。Miller出车祸后不能像往常一样踢球，因此只能坐在凳子上观看比赛。故选D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,48.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。前半句“作者被评为最有价值球员”和后一句“作者常做梦受谴责”这两句话之间是转折关系。故选C。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,49.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据上文可知，此处应是Miller遭遇车祸受伤的事故。故选C。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,50.A.stuckB.hurtC.tiredD.lost,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。Miller因为失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住了。故选A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。对于有两个胳膊的正常人来说，越过篱笆应该不是一件困难的事。故选B。,51.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为Miller和作者两个人之间的竞争，所以作者认为Miller并不想得到他的帮助。故选C。,52.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据上一句“Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.”可知，Miller接受了帮助。故选B。,53.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据语境，此处指当他们安全越过篱笆的时候。故选D。,54.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据语境，此处指作者在比赛中做得很好。故选A。,55.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。因为Miller受伤了，作者代替了他，此处是Miller说的感谢作者的话。故选C。,56.A.usB.yourselfC.meD.them,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、复现法解答该题。根据上文可知，此处指Miller使作者从最初的那些不好的梦中解脱了出来。与上文中的“hadcrazydreams”互应。故选D。,57.A.memoriesB.ideasC.attitudesD.dreams,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。作者虽然打破了Miller创造的纪录，但在作者心中，他仍领先于作者。故选A。,58.A.stillB.alsoC.yetD.just,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。此处指作者一直钦佩Miller。故选D。,59.A.challengedB.curedC.invitedD.admired,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。通过帮助受伤的Miller，使自己真正得到了成长。故选B。,60.A.healthierB.biggerC.clevererD.cooler,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,(2015安徽)Inourmodernworld，whensomethingwearsout，wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The36isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof37becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.,议论文,典例3,Howdidwe38athrowawaysociety？Firstofall，itisnoweasierto39anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.40modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology，companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland41.Anothercauseisour42ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As43people，wearealwayslookingfor44tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies45thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts：paperplates，plasticcups，andcameras，tonameafew.,Ourappetitefornewproductsalso46totheproblem.Weare47buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat48isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe49usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld，wecanseethe50ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To51theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe52，moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.53，thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem.,Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions54throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout55.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.,语篇解读本文是议论文，主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响，造成这种现象的原因及解决问题的办法。,解析可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法、立体逻辑法解答该题。联系下文的“countriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsofrubbish”可知，堆积如山的垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键；reason原因；project工程。,36.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法解答该题。根据下文中的“becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore”可知，因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多，垃圾已经堆积如山。故选B。文章倒数第二段中“Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.”也是提示。,37.A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。由空后的athrowawaysociety及下文中的几个原因可知，此句意为：我们是如何成为(become)一个一次性社会的？face面对；observe观察；change变化。,38.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合空前的easierto和下文的“thantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit”可知，替换(replace)一件东西比花时间和金钱修理它要容易得多。hide藏；control控制；withdraw撤回，退出。,39.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。“modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology”是“companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively”的原因，因此用thanksto“多亏，由于”。asto至于；exceptfor除了；regardlessof不管，不考虑。,40.A.ThankstoB.AstoC.ExceptforD.Regardlessof,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合前文的quicklyandinexpensively可知此处是指“产品充足，价格便宜(cheap)”。safe安全的；funny有趣的；powerful强有力的。,41.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。从下文“wearealwayslookingforwaystosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier”可知，我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack缺乏；prevention阻止；division分开，分割。,42.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。从下文的“tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier”可知，我们是一些忙碌的(busy)人。sensitive善解人意的；kind善良的；brave勇敢的。,43.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上文讲到一次性产品的使用，因此我们总是寻找能节省时间和让我们的生活变得更容易的方式(ways)。place地方；job工作；friend朋友。,44.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用固定搭配解题法、立体逻辑法解答该题。由主语Companies可知，工厂应该是生产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate捐赠；receive收到；preserve保存。,45.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用固定搭配解题法、立体逻辑法解答该题。联系空前的“Ourappetitefornewproductsalso”可知，我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。contributeto为固定搭配，意为“是的原因，促成，导致”符合语境。adapt适应；return返回；respond回答，回应。,46.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合“Ourappetitefornewproducts”可知，我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(beaddictedto)了。betiredof厌倦；beworriedabout担心；beashamedfor羞愧于。,47.A.tiredofB.addictedtoC.worriedaboutD.ashamedfor,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、词汇复现法解答该题。上句中的newthings及空后的“withthelatestproducts”都暗示该空填newer。广告说服我们，越新的越好。strong强壮的；high高的；large大的。,48.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法、词汇复现法解答该题。联系后文的“tomakeroomfornewones”及下一段首句中的“thisthrowawaylifestyle”可知，我们常常是扔掉(throwaway)还有用的物品，去给新的东西腾出地方。pickup捡起，收听，学会；payfor支付；holdonto抓住不放。,49.A.pickupB.payforC.holdontoD.throwaway,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。从下文的“Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.”可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果(consequences)。advantage好处；purpose目的；function功能。,50.A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。结合下文的“moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials”可知，这样做是为了减少(decrease)垃圾的数量。show展示；record记录；measure测量。,51.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。减少垃圾，回收利用的目的就是保护环境(environment)。,52.A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。上一句为减少垃圾，保护环境的措施，空后为“thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem”，由此可知，空前后为转折关系，故用however。otherwise否则；therefore因此；meanwhile同时。,53.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。从空前的“Weneedtorepairourpossessions”可知，我们需要修理我们的物品再用，而不是(insteadof)扔掉它们。by通过；infavourof支持；after在之后。,54.A.byB.infavourofC.afterD.insteadof,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。结合上文“Ourappetitefornewproducts”及下文“Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabits.”可知，我们也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spending)态度了。collect收集；repair修理；advertise做广告。,55.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising,答案,解析,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,(2015重庆)Imaginethefirstdaysinanewtimezone.Slowtorespondtothe28，yourbodyclockisconfused.Youresleepyallday，butwhenitstimeforbed，youcanhardlyfallasleep.Obviouslyyoure29jetlag(时差反应).Travelershavetraditionallyfoughtthis30withsleepingpillsoralcohol.Thereareactuallyhealthierwaysthatcanworkjustas31.,说明文,典例4,Forexample，themomentyougetontheairplane，start32yourbiologicalclocktothedestinationstime.Ifitsdaytimeinyourdestination，trytostay33.Walkingaroundthecabin(客舱)canbeofhelp.Whenitsnighttime，trytosleep.Inthatcase，eatbeforetheflight，34anemptystomachwillpreventyoufromsleeping.Thesetipswillhelpyoustartanew35ofsleepandwakefulness.,语篇解读本文为说明文，介绍了时差反应及几种实用的应对方法。,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。根据空前面的anewtimezone和下文黑白颠倒的细节可知，到新的时区环境等都发生了变化。,28.A.flightB.changeC.demandD.climate,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。sufferfrom遭受；workon从事；lookinto调查；leadto导致。很明显，上文提到的不良反应是因为遭受到时差反应。,29.A.sufferingfromB.workingonC.lookingintoD.leadingto,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。旅行者传统上会用安眠药和酒精来解决这个问题。,30.A.dangerB.problemC.wasteD.fear,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。除了用安眠药和酒精，还有一些方法更健康而同样有效。briefly简要地；slowly慢慢地；suddenly突然地；effectively有效地。,31.A.brieflyB.slowlyC.suddenlyD.effectively,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为：当你登上飞机的时候，你就要把生物钟调整到目的地的时间。adjust调整，符合句意。,32.A.checkingB.sendingC.adjustingD.stopping,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,33.A.awakeB.aloneC.hungryD.calm,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为：如果你的目的地的时间是白天，你就应该保持醒着。,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,解析可用立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为：上飞机前应吃饭，否则空着肚子会让你睡不着。or否则，符合句意。,34.A.thoughB.soC.whileD.or,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,35.A.understandingB.cycleC.researchD.trend,解析可用巧用上下文、立体逻辑法解答该题。句意为：这些方法能够帮你建立一个新的睡眠和清醒的循环。understanding理解；cycle循环；research研究；trend倾向。故选B项。,答案,解析,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,1(2017河东区二模)IwasonlyeightyearsoldwhentheSecondWorldWarended，butIcanstillremembersomethingaboutthevictorycelebrations.Itwasinthesmalltown1IlivedonthedaywhenthewarinEurope2.Wehadnotsufferedmuchfromthewarthere，though，likemostchildrenofmyage.Ioftensaw3housesinthestreetsandtheverybigarmylorries4through.ButbothathomeandatschoolIhadbecome5tothe,跟踪训练,phrases“beforethewar”and“whenthewarisover”.“Beforethewar”，obviously，6hadbeenbetter，thoughIwastooyoungtounderstandwhy，7therehadbeennobombsthen，andpeoplehadeatenthingslikeicecreamandbananas，whichIh
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