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题组5说理议论,专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练,A(2017和平区一模)WilliamW.Purkey，awell-knownprofessorofeducation，said，“Dancelikenooneiswatching，lovelikeyoullneverbehurt，singlikenooneislistening，andlivelikeitsheavenonearth.”ItseemsliketheperfectlifephilosophyandoneIvelearnedtoapplytorunningovertheyear.ButIdidntalwaysfeelthisway.Inmyearlydays，whenIweighed240pounds，Iranlikeeveryonewaswatchingandjudging.IfIwasonarunandsawacarapproaching，IdstopandpretendIwaslookingforsomethingIdlost.Iboughtthehigh-techgearandclothesthatIthought,wouldmakepeoplebelieveIwasarunner.AndIdidnthaveaclueiftheexpensiveshoesIwaswearingweretherightkindformeIjustwantedtolooklikeIfitinwiththisgroup.Tobehonest，Ifeltacertainsatisfactioninbelievingthatsomeonewaswatching.Ireallythoughtthatotherpeoplecaredaboutmyperformance.Thebestexampleofthiswasacombined，two-lapmarathoninFlorence，Italy.AsIapproachedthefinishingline，thecrowdbegantocheer.Iwassurprised.HereIwas，thousandsofmilesfromhome，andtheItalianswereshoutingfor“IIPenguino”.,About20yardsfromthefinishing，thetruthsetinwhenthewinnerofthefullmarathonwentpastmeasIwasfinishingthehalf-marathon.Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.Icouldnthelpbutsmileatmyownillusionofself-importance.ThatswhenIrealizedIhadbeenrunningforeveryreasonexcepttherightone.Irantomakeotherpeoplehappy，rantoliveuptotheirexpectations.Butnoonewaswatching，noonecared.SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunformejustmeandgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadnttrulyexperiencedyet.Ivelearnedtorunlikenooneiswatching.,Soifyouseemeatrace，andIlooklikea60-year-oldguywaddling(蹒跚)along，dontworry.Imfine.ThemiracleisntthatIfinished.ThemiracleisthatIhadthecouragetostart.,语篇解读本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。,1.Thewriterpresentsthepassageby.A.tellinghisrunningstoryB.explainingalifephilosophyC.listingsomeliferulesD.introducingquotations,解析写作手法题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言来呈现该话题，故选D。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatthewriter.A.usedsportsclothesandshoestoattractattentionB.wasconcernedaboutwhatothersthoughtofherC.likedtobethefocusofotherrunnersD.struggledtofindtherightshoestofither,解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视她，当有车靠近时，她总会停下来假装在找东西，后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得她是一个专业的跑步者，由此可知，作者很在乎别人对她的看法，故选B。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句“Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.”可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为她喝彩，快要跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到，故选C。,3.Whenthewriterwasnearthefinishingline，.A.shesmiledatherownachievementB.thecrowdcheeredforhermadlyC.nobodyreallycaredaboutherrunningD.sherealizedtheimportanceofconfidence,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,4.Nowthewriterthoughtthereasonforrunningisto.A.liveuptoothersexpectationsB.createamiracleinherownlifeC.enjoythepleasureofrunningD.runlikenooneiswatching,解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunformejustmeandgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadnttrulyexperiencedyet.”可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐，故选C。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,5.Bytellingherownstory，thewriterwantedto.A.tellustolivealifeofourownB.inspiremorepeopletorunC.expectustoimproveourhealthbyrunningD.stresstheimportanceofdetermination,解析写作意图题。本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。故选A。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,B(2017天津五校联考一模)Inspiteofsexdiscriminationofkeepingwomendown，newresearchfindsanotheraspectofwomenscharacters：girlsaremorelikelytotalkaboutschoolsuccessesthanboys.ResearchersfromHanoverCollegeandtheUniversityofLouisvillecametothisconclusion.Afterall，girlsareusuallytaughttobemodest，insteadofbragging.,Basically，girlssharemorebecausetheybelievethatsuccessinschoolisgoodandthattheyllbesociallyrewardedforit.Girlsthinkthattalkingabouttheiracademicsuccesseswillbuildfriendships.Boysseemtoshareless，becauseonaverage，theythinkitsuncooltobegoodatschool，andwouldprefertobecometheclassclownorsomethingeveniftheyreallyaresmart.Becausethetrendstartsasearlyasmid-childhood，theresalongtimeforthesedifferencestoaffectmotivationandactualschoolperformance.,Thistrendcontinuesallthewaythroughcollege.Girlstendtobebetteratself-regulationthanboys，whichallowsthemtosetacademicgoals，andachievethem.Girlsfindacademicenvironmentseasiertocontrolwhileboyshigherenergylevelsandimpulsiveness(易冲动)causebehavioralproblemspossiblycontributingtothelowergrades.Someaspectsofthegenderschoolinggaparetroubling.Especiallyassuccessdependsmoreoneducationalattainmentandqualificationsandlessonphysicalstrength，boyswhocantorwontdoschoolworkputthemselvesatadisadvantageforlife.Ontheotherhand，,therearenewproblemsforadultfemales，though，andnormalprideingirlsturnsintoarrogance(傲慢)andbossybehaviorinadultwomen.Ifwomenseemlessproudoftheiraccomplishmentsthantheywereasgirls，itmightjustbeareasonableresponsetostandardsintheworkplace.Womengetworseperformancereviewsthanmen，likethatyoure“bossy”ifyoureoverconfidentetc.,Iwouldsuggestthatyouchannelyourinnerschoolgirl.Intheworkplaceyoucantstopobvioussexdiscriminationonyourown，butyoucanlearntobeproudofyouraccomplishmentsinamatureway.Whetherothersrespondproperlytothatornot，youllfeelbetteraboutyourselfattheendoftheday.,语篇解读研究表明女孩子比男孩子更容易谈论学业成就。,解析词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“.girlsaremorelikelytotalkaboutschoolsuccessesthanboys.”可知，女孩子比男孩子更有可能谈论在学校的种种成就，而且bragging与前面的modest意义相反，不谦虚即为过度骄傲。故选A。,6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bragging”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Talkingtooproudly.B.Speakinghighlyof.C.Payingmoreattention.D.Expressingdishonestly.,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,7.Whatcanweknowaboutgirls?A.Girlsdontlikementioningtheiracademicsuccesses.B.Girlsconsidertheirsuccessesarebeneficialtotheirfriendship.C.Girlswouldliketoactlikeaclowninclasstobereallycool.D.Girlsfinditmuchhardertocontrolthemselvesthanboys.,解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Girlsthinkthattalkingabouttheiracademicsuccesseswillbuildfriendships.”可知，女孩子认为谈论学习上的成就可以建立友谊，故选B。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“.normalprideingirlsturnsintoarrogance(傲慢)andbossybehaviorinadultwomen.”，即女孩子们正常的骄傲会转变为成年女性的傲慢，可知选C。,8.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Malessuccesshasnorelationtotheireducationalbackground.B.Malessuccessreliesonphysicalstrengthandlessoneducation.C.Femalesnormalpridemaybehasabadeffectonthemselves.D.Femalesprideeasilymakesthemgetbetterperformancereviews.,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,9.Whatistheauthorssuggestiontoadultfemales?A.Listentowhatotherschoolgirlsaroundthemaresaying.B.Keepanormalattitudetotheirachievementsinwork.C.Beproudoftheirachievementsastheywereyoung.D.Trytofeelbetteraboutthemselvesatanyplace.,解析细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“Iwouldsuggestthatyouchannelyourinnerschoolgirl.”可知，作者建议成年女性要有正确的心态，故选B。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Sexdiscriminationisnotgoodforwomen.B.Educationalattainmentisnottoboysadvantage.C.Boysliketoactasaclassclownleadingtobadgrades.D.Girlspaymoreattentiontoacademicsuccessesthanboys.,解析主旨大意题。根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了女孩子无论在学校还是在工作上都比男孩子更容易谈论成就，故选D。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,C(2016南开区一模)Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness，happiness，goodness，andself-respect？Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas“honor”helpsyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Heresanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent，andprofitfromtheclerksmistake，wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcitement.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.Ontheotherhand，ifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditem，,theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.Then，whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?Inthefirstcase，wherewedonttelltheclerk，acoupleofthingswouldhappen.Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocess，wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwecannotbetrusted，sinceweadvertiseourdishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.Incontrast，bringingtheerrortotheclerksattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen.Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.,Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsofgoodnessandasenseofnobility.Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexistence.Anditseasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwerehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostart，onceitsstarted，itseasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmind，whichisimportantforourhappiness.,语篇解读本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。本文的中心思想为“快乐源自我们自身的善举”。,解析细节理解题。第三段尾句“Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonor.”和第五段倒数第二句“Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.”可知选A。,11.Accordingtothepassage，thepositiveactionintheexamplecontributestoour.A.self-respectB.financialrewardsC.advertisingabilityD.friendlyrelationship,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,12.Theauthorthinksthatkeepingsilentabouttheunchargeditemisequalto.A.lyingB.stealingC.cheatingD.advertising,解析细节理解题。由第五段第二句“Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.”可知作者认为如果不说出实情，那就跟小偷没有区别。,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,解析词义猜测题。由语境可知画线短语意为“提醒店员的失误”，故选A。,13.Thephrase“bringingtheerrortotheclerksattention”(inPara.5)means“”.A.tellingthetruthtotheclerkB.offeringadvicetotheclerkC.askingtheclerktobemoreattentiveD.remindingtheclerkofthechargeditem,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第二、三句“Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.”可知答案选C。,14.Howwillwefeelifwelettheclerkknowhermistake?A.Wellbeveryexcited.B.Wellfeelunfortunate.C.Wellhaveasenseofhonor.D.Wellfeelsorryfortheclerk.,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.ImportanceofPeacefulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessThroughHonorableActions,解析标题归纳题。正如文章所述：快乐源自我们自身的善举，故D为最佳标题。,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,D(2017南开区三模)Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation(创新)thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywhere.Itsbasedontheassumptionthatoldideaswillalwayswork，sotheyshouldntbechallenged.Whilethismaybeavalidassumptioninsituationsthatdontchange，itsunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intodaysrapidchangingglobalenvironment，oldmethodsoftendontwork，andstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.,Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.Ifeveryoneelsebelievesit，thenitmustbetrue.Individualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyareright，andbeingrightisgood.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977，KenOlsen，co-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporation(DEC)，stated“Thereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishome”.Despitebeingadominantleaderinthecomputerindustry，DECnolongerexists.Peopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachange，,therecanbenoinnovationwithoutchange.Unfortunately，conventionalwisdompreventsleaders，followersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdontinnovate，buttheircompetitorsdo，thefutureislikelytobeproblematic.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustries,soithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurner(founderofCNN)knewlittle，ifanything，aboutthenewsbusiness，butheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhour，aswascommonbeforeCNN.Turnerssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflected,conventionalwisdomatthetime，andpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.However，itdoesnttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdonthavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.Duetoconventionalthinking，thecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTed.Theyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuture.,Conventionalwisdompreventscreativity，flexibilityandrisk-taking，sounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.Tosurvive，thriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage，companiesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochange.,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了墨守成规是创新的主要障碍，它会威胁到一家企业的生存，同时指出勇于创新才是成功之道。,解析观点态度题。全文字里行间都透着作者对墨守成规的批判，故选A。,16.Theauthorsattitudetoconventionalwisdomis.A.disapprovingB.approvingC.supportiveD.indifferent,答案,解析,17,18,16,19,20,17.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause.A.theconsumersdidntlikeitsproductsB.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasC.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges,解析细节理解题。文章第二段提到“Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.”然后举了DEC消失的例子，由此可知，DEC消失可能是由于它的领导墨守成规，不接受新的事物，故B项正确。,答案,解析,17,18,16,19,20,18.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove.A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，举CNN的例子是从正面说明改革可以促进一个企业的发展与成功，故选B。,17,18,16,19,20,19.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymeaninParagraph3?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdontliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.Itsnecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.Itseasytoknowpeopleneedntwatchthenewsallthetime.,答案,解析,解析句意理解题。结合上下文语境可知，此处表示“不难理解，要让CNN运转起来观众不必一整天都看新闻”，故选D。,17,18,16,19,20,20.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat.A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders,答案,解析,解析主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句“Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation(创新)thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywhere.”就指出了文章的主旨大意，故选C。,17,18,16,19,20,
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