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写作指导四过渡词语,1过渡词语指导一、根据过渡词本身在文章中起的作用,主要分为以下四类,即“起”“承”“转”“合”。1.表示“起”的过渡词:用于开篇引出扩展句。如:atfirst,atpresent,currently,recently,first(ly),ingeneral,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,firstofall,generallyspeaking,inthefirstplace,tostartwith,presently,now等。2.表示“承”的过渡词:用来承接上下文。如:after/afterthat/afterwards,bythistime,afterafewdays,certainly,aftera,while,also/too,forexample,forinstance,forthispurpose,besides/whatsmore,fromnowon,inaddition,second,inadditionto.,secondly,infact,simi-larly,inotherwords,inparticular,inthesameway,bytheway,indeed,third,meanwhile,thirdly,moreover,foranother,nodoubt,suchas,obviously,later,ofcourse,truly,particularly等。3.表示“转”的过渡词:用来表示不同或相反的意见。如:afterall,fortunately,allthesame,however,anyway,inspiteof,atthesametime,luckily,but,though/although,in/bycontrast,onthecontrary,eventhough,otherwise,unfortunately,yet等。,4.表示“合”的过渡词:用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。如:aboveall,accordingly,asaresult,insum,ashasbeennoted,insummary,asIhavesaid,onthewhole,atlast,therefore,thus,briefly,tospeakfrankly,bydo-ingso,tosumup,eventually,finally,toconclude,inbrief,inconclusion,inshort,truly,inaword,so,allinall等。如:DearSirorMadam,(起)Thankyouforreadingmyletter.Iamveryinterestedintheexchangeprogramyouoffered.Iamwritingtoobtainsomemoredetailedinformationaboutit.(起)Firstly,Iamaseniorthreestudent.(承)AfterIgraduatefromhighschool,Idliketoapplytotakepartintheexchangeprogram.(合)SoIwonderwhatqualificationsarerequiredforapplicants.Secondly,ifadmitted,whatcoursesamIgoingtotake,anddoIneedtobuyanybooksaheadoftime?(承)Inaddition,wouldyoubesokindtointroducetometheconditionsofboardandlodging?Ialsowanttoknowsomethingaboutthefees.(承)Bytheway,ifIneedtomakeanyotherpreparations,letmeknow,willyou?Thanksagainforyourtime,andImlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua,二、根据过渡词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义,可分为以下五类:1.表示因果关系asaresultHeneverstudiedhard,andasaresulthefailedinthelastexamination.asaresultofHeislateforworkasaresultofatrafficaccident.accordinglyHewantedtobuyaradiotostudyEnglish,andaccordinglyhismotherboughtoneforhim.because(of),Wearedelayedbecauseofatrafficjam.duetoHissuccessisduetohisexcellentwork.owingtoOwingtohisabsence,ourmeetingisnotheld.thankstoThankstoagoodteacher,shepassedtheexamination.nowthatNowthatyouhavegrownup,youmustearnforyourself.since,Sinceyouareherenow,youdbettergiveahand.inthatThepolicyisharmfulinthatitmayencouragepeopletogiveup.sothatTheofficerspeaksatthetopofhisvoicesothateverysoldiercanhearhim.thereforeThereisacalculatingmistakethere;therefore,theansweriswrong.2.表示解释关系asamatteroffactIwillgotherethismorning;asamatteroffact,Iamonly10minutes,drivefromyou.aswellIwillgothere.Myfriendwillgowithmeaswell.franklyspeakingFranklyspeaking,Iamnotverysatisfiedwithyourwords.inthiscaseInthiscase,Iwillgothereassoonaspossible.3.表示推理关系orelseHurryup,orelseyoullbelate.,otherwiseYoumustcarrythispassport;otherwiseyouwillbestoppedbytheguard.ifsoIfso,itwillmakeagreatdifference.4.表示递进关系inadditionIneedyourhelp.Inaddition,Ialsoneedhersupport.besidesFirst,wemustworkhard.Besides,wemustworkwithacreativemind.moreover,Thehatistherightsizeforyou,andmoreover,itgoeswellwithyourskin.thatistosayThestockpriceisdeclining;thatistosay,Iamlosingmoney.inotherwordsIamnothungryinotherwords,Ireallydislikethefoodinthiscanteen.equallyimportantYoushouldreadmorenewsfromnewspapers,andequallyimportant,keepaneyeonthenewsfromtheradio.whatsmoreItisharmfultomyhealth,andwhatsmore,itisnogoodtomywork.,lastbutnotleastLastbutnotleast,mythanksshouldgotoeverymemberofmyclass.5.表示比较关系equallyAsateacher,Ishouldteachwell,butequally,Ishouldstudywell.incontrasttoIncontrasttoyourbelief,Iquitedisagreewithyou.insteadIfyoudontgo,Illgoinstead.onthecontrary,YouthinkIlikeit.Onthecontrary,Idislikeit.incontrastItishotinthedaytime,butincontrastitsverycoldatnight.whileWearehappyinChina,whilemostAfricansliveunhappily.2写作典例(2014安徽)为了帮助中学生健康成长,某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie,收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰:近日容易发脾气,使正常,的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。内容要点如下:1.表示理解并给予安慰;2.提出建议并说明理由。注意:1.词数120左右;2.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息;3.信的开头与结尾已为你拟好,不计入总词数。参考词汇:tempern.脾气,情绪,HiWorried,Imsorrytoknowthatyourehavingsuchabadtimeatthemoment.Yours,Jamie,【范文】HiWorried,Imsorrytoknowthatyourehavingsuchabadtimeatthemoment.Thetruthisthateveryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudonthavetoworrysomuch.Theimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothatyoumaynotdoorsayanythingyoullregret.Herearethreeusefultips:First,talktosomeoneyoutrustabouthowyoufeel.Thisisagoodwayoflet-tingyourangeroutwithouthurtingothersoryourself.Second,gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriendsasphysicalexerciseisaneffectivewaytogetridofanger.Andthird,remainoptimisticaboutyourfuture.Suchapositiveattitudetowardslifecanbehelpfulinliftingyourspirits.,Ihopeyoullsoonfeelcalmerandcarryonasnormal.Yours,Jamie【写作点评】(1)第一段中准确地使用了关系副词when引导的定语从句,一下子就抓住了读者的注意力。(2)第二段使用了first,second,andthird来连接作者提出的这几条建议,表达清晰,使文章前后连贯顺畅。,3跟踪训练(2015辽宁大连第二十高级中学期中)假设你是李华。请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记,记述你周末或在假期中帮助家人做家务的一次经历。写作要点:1.做家务的理由;2.做家务的过程;3.你的感受。注意:1.词数不少于100;2.开头已给,不计入总词数;3.不可写真实姓名。注意时态。Iaman18-year-oldmiddleschoolstudent.,【范文】Iman18-year-oldmiddleschoolstudent.Ihavebeenbusywithmystudyandseldomhelpedmyparentswiththehousework.Feelingquitesorryforthat,Ibegintothinkaboutwhattodotohelp.LastSunday,whenmyparentswentoutshopping,Isuddenlygotanidea:whynotgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning?Firstly,Icollectedallthebooks,newspapersandotherthingsscatteredintheroomsandputtheminplace.ThenIwipedthedustoffallthefurniture.Afterthat,Isweptandmoppedthefloor.Atthisverymoment,myparentscamebackandwerequitesurprisedtoseealltheroomstidyandthefloorshining.MymothergavemeahugandIcouldseesatisfactioninhereyes.TiredasIwas,Ineverfeltsohappy.,
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