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语法专项突破系列非谓语动词,考点1非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语,Iwassatisfiedtohearthenews.(原因状语)TomeetthemoviestarIgotupveryearly.(目的状语)Irushedtoschoolonlytofindnobodywasthere.(结果状语),【点津】不定式表结果的固定结构:only/justto.;too.to.;so/suchasto.;.enough(forsb.)to.,2.分词作状语,Notknowingwhattodo,Ihadtowaithere.Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.Absorbedinreading,wealldidnthearthesound.Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.,【点津】把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系,区别现在分词与过去分词;不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果,现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果;准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;现在分词的完成式havingdone或者完成被动式havingbeendone,都是表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系,同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词主动或者被动发生。,3.有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:generallyspeaking一般来说franklyspeaking坦白地说judgingfrom/by.根据来判断considering./taking.intoconsideration考虑到totellyouthetruth说实话,seeing.鉴于/由于supposing假设,如果assuming假使given考虑到,鉴于provided(that.)如果,4.独立主格结构独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系;独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成:,名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词;名词/代词+形容词;名词/代词+副词;名词/代词+不定式;名词/代词+介词短语;with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。,Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。Thepresidentassassinated(=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated),thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.总统被刺杀了,全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014天津高考)Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only(find)itdidntfit.解题关键:根据句中的Anxiously,shetookthedressoutof.(她迫不及待地从拿出裙子)和itdidntfit(它不合身)可知是出现了意料之外的结果,故用onlytodo。onlytodo/onlytobedone表示意料之外的结果。答案判定:句意:她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子,试穿了一下,结果发现它不合身。故填tofind。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014福建高考)_(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.2.(2014湖南高考)_(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.3.(2014天津高考)Clearlyandthoughtfully_(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.,Havingspent,Tofree,written,4.(2014四川高考)Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.Goodidea._(find)outmoreaboutit,visitthiswebsite.5.(2014重庆高考)Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass_(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.6.(2012四川高考)Tomtookataxitotheairport,only_(find)hisplanehighupinthesky.,Tofind,tohelp,tofind,考点2非谓语动词作定语,Theboy(sittingbythewindow)isTom.Thematter(beingdiscussednow)isofgreatimportance.Theboy(namedTom)washurtinthecaraccident.Everything(tobedone)iswell-prepared.,【点津】准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系;准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014山东高考)Theresanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.解题关键:首先分析句子结构可知Therebe句型中有谓语动词is,然后根据语意可知要用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看,note与say之间是主动关系,用现在分词结构作后置定语。另外,题干中的过去分词短语pinnedtothedoor也作note的后置定语。答案判定:句意:门上钉着一个便条,上面写着这家商店何时将再开张。所以填saying。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014北京高考)Therearestillmanyproblems_(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2.(2014大纲版全国卷)Todaytherearemoreairplanes_(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.,tobesolved,carrying,3.(2014浙江高考)AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_(appoint)toguardher.4.(2014北京高考)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.5.(2014重庆高考)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.,appointed,watching,returned,6.(2013辽宁高考)LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_(wait)forher.7.(2013天津高考)Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_(use)indailyconversations.8.(2013陕西高考)Thewitnesses_(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.,waiting,used,questioned,考点3非谓语动词作补语1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel)等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.2.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。Pauldoesnthavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.,3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.,4.with复合结构常用形式:,Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withthelittleboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage.,【点津】注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式todo,doing,done之间的区别,把握动作是主动、被动还是进行。具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系,再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014江西高考)Heisthought(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.解题关键:bethought后应该接不定式,act发生在think之前,故应该用不定式的完成式作主语补足语。答案判定:句意:他被认为举止愚蠢。现在失去这份工作只能怨他自己,不能怨别人。所以填tohaveacted。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014四川高考)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts_(develop)aftergreateffort.2.(2013陕西高考)Letthoseinneed_(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.,developed,understand,3.(2013北京高考)Whenwesawtheroad_(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.4.(2012辽宁高考)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_(follow)them.,blocked,following,考点4非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式:1.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.,2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,mean,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。IfIfailtoappearby7oclock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.,3.既可用动名词作宾语、又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,start,begin,try等。,Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.Irememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.4.it作形式宾语,代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014陕西高考)Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeellike(go)foraswim?解题关键:feellike意为“想要”,后面接名词、代词或动名词。feellikedoingsth.表示“想要做某事”。答案判定:句意:今天很热。你想去游泳吗?故填going。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014新课标全国卷)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_(be)lateforschool.2.(2014北京高考)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout_(recognize).3.(2014辽宁高考)Keep_(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.,being,beingrecognized,holding,4.(2014江西高考)Whenitcomesto_(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.5.(2013上海高考)Youngpeoplemayrisk_(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.6.(2013江苏高考)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand_(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.7.(2012安徽高考)Iremembered_(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.,speaking,going,beingreduced,tolock,考点5非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoing;Itsawasteoftimeofdoingsth.等。,2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”,而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.3.固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth.+but(to)dosth.中的不定式用法,此结构要遵循前有实义动词do,but后则无to,反之则有to的原则。Hedidnothingbutsavethechildwithouthesitation.,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014福建高考)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying(connect).解题关键:本句中的关键词是stay(保持),它是一个系动词,后接形容词作表语。stayconnected是“stay+形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的stayingconnected和keepingintouch表达同一个意思。故填connected。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014广东高考)Wegotalittle_(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidntmind.2.(2014湖南高考)_(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.3.(2014新课标全国卷)Ittookyearsofwork_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.,sunburned/sunburnt,Understanding,toreduce,4.(2014山东高考)Itsstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone_(employ)asecurityofficer.5.(2013浙江高考)_(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.6.(2013重庆高考)Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseems_(go)wrongwithit.7.(2012陕西高考)Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_(meet)anevengreaterchallenge.,toemploy,Hearing,tohavegone,tomeet,
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