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PartI.TheLiteratureofColonialAmericaandtheEnlightenmentAge,ColonialAmerica(1620-1776)PuritanismPuritanismistheattitudewhichdesiredamorethorough-goingreformofthechurchinthedirectionofProtestantism.ItstressedthatThechurchshouldberestoredtothepurityofthe1stchurchasestablishedbyJesusChristHimself.,Thedoctrineofpredestination,originalsin,totaldepravityandallthatCalvinismpreached.Aperfectorderofliving,inwhichpeoplecanworkwithgreatcourageandconfidencetowardbuildinganewGardenofEden.Astrictnessinmoralityandausterityinmattersoftaste,hardworking,thrift,toleranceandpatience.ThefeaturesofthecolonialAmericanliteraturePuritanismwascentraltocolonialAmericanliterature.ReligioussermonsbecamethemosthighlydevelopedandthemostpopularofPuritanliteraryforms.,Thecolonialliteraryworksmainlytooktheformofdiaryandautobiography,whicharefullofstrenuousself-analysisandconstantsearchingofconscience.Practicalmatter-of-factaccountsoffamily,hurtingandtraveletc.,whicharemainlyinformativeratherthanillumination.Politicaldebatesaboutthecolonistsrelationswiththemothercountrywerequitecommon.ColonialAmericanliteraryworksarecharacterizedwithlogicalstructure,preciseandcompactexpression,avoidanceofrhetoricaldecoration,homelinessofimageryandsimplicityofdiction.,Sampleofcolonialreading,Beingthusarrivedinagoodharbor,andbroughtsafetoland,theyfellupontheirkneesandblessedtheGodofHeavenwhohadbroughtthemoverthevastandfuriousocean,anddeliveredthemfromtheperilsandmiseriesthereof,againtosettheirfeetonthefirmandstableearth,theirproperelementButhereIcannotstandhalfamazedatthispoorpeoplespresentcondition;andsoIthinkwillthereader,too,whenhewellconsidersthesame.Beingthuspassedthevastocean,theyhadnofriendstowelcomethemnorinnstoentertainirrefreshtheirweather-beatenbodies,norhousesormuchlesstownstorepairto,toseekforsuccor.fromWilliamBradfordsHistoryofPlymouthPlantation,Sampleofcolonialreading,BesidesIhaveoneofmychildrenthatwasformerlymostlamentablyhandledwithsorebreakingoutofbothhishandsandfeetofthekinsevil,butsincehecamehitherheisverywelloverwhathewas,andthereishopeofperfectrecoveryshortly,everbytheverywholesomenessoftheair.fromFrancisHigginsonsNew-EnglandsPlantation,Sampleofcolonialreading,Astyoffilth,atroughofwashingswill,Adunghillpit,apuddleofmereslime,Anestofvipers,hiveofhornetsstings,Abagofpoison,civetboxofsins.byEdwardTaylor,Sampleofcolonialreading,Theyrushfrombedswithgiddyheads,andtotheirwindowsrun,Viewingthislightwhichshonemorebrightthandoththenoondaysun.Somehidethemselvesincavesanddelves,inplacesunderground:Somerashlyleapintothedeep,toescapebybeingdrowned:Sometotherocks(Osenselessblocks!)andwoodymountainsrun.Thattheretheymightthisfearfulsight,anddreadedpresenceshun.fromWigglesmirthsTheDayofDoom,ThePuritainHeritageEarlyPuritanismhashadcontinuousandshapinginfluenceuponAmericanthoughtandculture.ItsculturallegacycanbesummarizedasRigidsenseofmoralityEmphasisuponmaterialsuccess.Self-relianceEnthusiasmforeducationandsocialreformConflictofconsciencearisingfromanawarenessthatmaterialsuccessisnotadequateasamajorgoalinlife.,InfluenceuponAmericanLiteratureOptimisticviewSymbolismPlainwritinTheLiteratureofEnlightenmentHistoricalIntroductioninfluencefromEuropelogicalthoughtmathematical&scientifictruthpoliticsandethicsemergenceofDeismandUnitarianism,TheLiteratureofEnlightenment,beliefinnaturalreligionnewimageofGodperfectiblehumanitythedominantintellectualideasofthe18thcenturyAmericaaresolutefaithintherealityofearthlyworldadistrustofthemysticalormysteriousconfidenceintheprogressbyeducationconcernsforcivilrights,CharacteristicsoftheLiteratureofEnlightenment,Rationalistic&utilitarianconceptionofEnlightenmentLoveandtasteforthebeautyofclassicalartAdisplayofmagnificentliteraryenergiesandrapidgrowthofpublications.,BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)Positionauniversalgenius-businessman,scientist,writer,statesmanetc.TheembodimentoftheenlightenmentideasandaculturalherowhoselifeexemplifiestheAmericandream.LiteraryachievementHewasnotedforhismasteryskillsinperodicalessay,satire,politicaljournalismandfolkhumourHesettheformforautobiographyasagenreinAmericawithhisAutobiographycreditedas,thefirstgreatbookinAmericanhistory.HeestablishedatraditioninAmericanwritingofthesimple,utilitarianstyle.HecreatedtheclassicalimageoftheYankeeAmerican-asimpleyetwise,straightforwardyetslyfolkfigureinAmericanliterature.ChiefWorksAutobiographyWrittenbyFranklinatintervalsbetween1771-1788Itisthesimpleyetfascinatingrecordofamanrisingtowealthfromastateofpovertyandobscurity.ItisaPuritandocumentfullofself-analysis.Itdemonstrateshisvirtuesandimprovinghispersonality.,ThebookisalsoaconvincingillustrationofthePuritanethic:beingindustrious,frugalandprudent.Itisnotedforhisplainstyle.Writtenwithasimplicity,franknessandwit,thebookservesasanexampleoftheAmericanstyleofwritingandaclassicofitskind.ItisagoodcelebrationofthefulfillmentoftheAmericandreamandaneloquenteducationoftheideaofthe18thcenturyenlightenment(order,educationandreason),PoorRichardAlmanacWrittenbyFranklin,publishedin1758.Itwasmodeledonthesortoffarmersannualcalendar,enrichedwithhundredsofproverbs,bitsofadviceonbusiness,marriage,mannersetc.Itssentencesareshort,pithyandoftenrhymedforeasiermemory.ThebookbestexemplifiedFranklinspracticalwisdomanditsemphasisoncommercialsuccess.,ReadingandAppreciationTheAutobiography,QuestionsWhatsthecentraltopicofthisexcerpt?WhatprojectisFranklintoundertake?WhathasledFranklintosuchaproject?Andwhatgoaldoesheintendtoachieve?WhatsthefirstproblemFranklinencountersincarryingouttheproject?Howdoeshesolveit?Explaininyourownwordsthe13virtues.Whatishisstrategicapproachincarryingitout?Whatishistacticapproachincarryingitout?,ReadingandAppreciationTheAutobiography,QuestionsfordiscussionDoyouagreewithFranklinsmethodofself-perfection?Whyorwhynot?Doyouthinkthe13virtuesareequallyimportant?Haveyouanypreference?IfyoucouldspendaneveningwithFranklin,whatwouldyoutalkabout?WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkFranklinwas?Doyouadmirehim?Whyorwhynot?,ReadingandAppreciationTheAutobiography,
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