资源描述
英语中的五种基本句型,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand,基本句型三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,基本句型五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,典型例题分析,1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+简宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓,除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeoplesDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：Hesgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)Youllgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。SVOM）Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。（SVOC）Ihavetodosomething.我得做点事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有点事做。,ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.S+V,A53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.S+V+O,Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChinaAccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministrysstatementsaid.s+v+p,ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.Xinhua,MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeoplesbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(骚动)amongfansandwomensrightgroups.S+V+O,FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。,Eventhoughtheremaybeatendencyinsomerarefamiliestoliveextraordinarilylong,thegeneticinfluencethatemergedfromthestudiesoftwinswassignificantlylessthanmuchofthepublicandmanyscientiststhinkitis.S+V+P,JosephineTesauro,left,activeandhealthyat92,ispartofastudytryingtodeterminewhysomepeopleagebetterthanothers,evenwhentheyarecloselyrelated.,WashingtonsaysworldpowersarepoisedtobegindiscussingpunitivemeasuresnextweekagainstIranif,asexpected,theInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)reportsTeheranhasignoredtheUNdemandtostopenrichinguraniumbyAugust31.,英语句式考查,1.Whomwouldyourather_thecar?Myfather.A.havefixB.havetofixC.hadfixD.havetobefixed2.Wasit8oclock_youheardsomeone_atthedoor?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.that;knockingD.that;knock3.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_theexhibitionwasheld?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that4.Is_youwanttosay?Yes,_thatsallIknow.A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unlessC.thatall;D.allthat;so,5.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto?A.WhenwasitthatB.WhenhasC.HasD.Had7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1994,_wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peterlosthislife?A.when;thatB.that;whoC.which;thatD.which;when,9.-Wouldyoutellme_youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.Atlastthesoldiersreached_thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“Wellmakepublicschools_canbe.”saidthepresidentinthespeech.A.whattheyB.whatitC.thattheyD.allit12.Theartcenteris_usedtobeafactory,_millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which,13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall_kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which14.Iamashamed,sir,thatIwastedthemanyhours_Ishouldhavestudiedinclass.A.whileB.asC.onceD.when15.Teachersshouldcreateanenvironment_childrenaretaughthowtosolveproblemsoflearningbythemselves.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.whose,
展开阅读全文