专四语法7：比较结构.ppt

比较结构,考点1：原级比较一般用asas;notasas;thesameas;Theworkisnotasdifficultasyouthink.Apentoawriterisasimportantasarmstoasoldier.thesameas比较的两个事物的动词都是一致的，所以as后有大量省略。Thethirdverbphrasediscussedhereshouldhavethesamegrammaticalformasthefirsttwo.,特殊结构AistoBwhatXistoY;A+倍数或几分之几as+adj./adv.+as+B.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Thisbookistwiceasthickasthatone.,考点2：在more/lessthan结构中，than有时可看作关系代词，相当于thanwhatThereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthanexistsinthepublicmindtoday.(Than=thanwhat)人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症,Therearemorewondersinheavenandearththanaredreamtof.(than=thanwhat)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。Themedicineismoreeffectivethanisexpected.,考点3：几组由“morethan；morethan”和“no/not比较级”等构成的惯用句式及其含义。,morethan其含义为:“不仅是,非常,十分”Whatwearedoingtodayismorethandonatingsomemoney.我们今天所做的不只是捐一些钱。Theiractionwasmorethanjustified.他们的行动是完全有理由的。,morethan其含义可以是:“与其说不如说,不是而是”Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋。Thebookseemstobemoreadictionarythanagrammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。,nomorethan/notanymorethan.=only，强调少notmorethan.=atmost,客观叙述，意为“至多，不超过”Hehasnomorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上最多只有5美元。(强调数额少于5美元),nomorethan/notanymorethan=aslittleas,否定，译为“A与B都不，不也不”notmorethan=notsoas,肯定，表程度上的差异(前者不如后者)Heisnomorediligentthanyou.=Heisnotdiligentanymorethanyou.他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋)Heisnotmorediligentthanyou.他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋),nolessthan=asmuchas意为：“竟有之多，多达”强调多notlessthan=atleast意为“不少于，至少”，Hissonhasreadnolessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。(强调多)Hissonhasreadnotlessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。(不强调多或少),nolessthan前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为：“是是，正是，和一样，多达，应有之多”Themiddle-agedmanwasnolessapersonthanthenewminister.这位中年人正是新来的部长。Hervoiceisnolesssweetthanitusedtobe.她的歌声和以前一样甜美。,考点4：可分比较等级的名词用moreofa,lessofa,enoughofa,asmuchofa,toomuchofa修饰Hesmoreofasportsmanthanhisbrother.ItwasasmuchofasuccessasIexpected.,你并不是象我想的那样傻嘛！lessofafoolthan他真是个不敢讲真话的胆小鬼！toomuchofacowardto/enoughofanotto他敢作敢为,是个够格的男子汉！enoughofamantobeboldanddecisiveinaction,考点5：以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to/over而不是than.,这些词是：superior-inferiorsenior-juniormajor-minorprior/anterior-posterior,与此对应的名词:Superiority-InferiorityMajority-MinoritySeniority-JuniorityPriority-Postiority,e.g.Heisthreeyearsseniortome.Iknowthesuperiorityofherbeautytomine.,考点6：最高级用于三者以上比较，(the+最高级in/of),TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.Ofallformsofenergy,electricityismostwidelyused.,特殊词：Supreme-extremeSupremacy-extremityMaximal-minimalMaximum-minimume.g.Theyhaveachievedthemaximumofefficiencywiththeminimumoflabor.Thethoughtworriedhertheextremityofherendurance.,考点7：Otherstructures,Better.than.“宁可，最好”Betterlatethannever.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.宁可站着死,不愿跪着生.Betterdiestandingthanlivekneeling.,.chooseAbeforeB优先选择Aheroshouldchoosedeathbeforedishonor.Iwoulddoanythingbeforethat.,比较级常用结构A比较级than+B特殊结构：themorethemoreandmore,1.Fatcannotchangeintomuscle_musclechangesintofat.a.anymorethanb.nomorethanc.nolessthand.muchmorethan1999A脂肪不能转换为肌肉，正像肌肉不能转换成脂肪一样。notanymorethan“正像一样也不”；nomorethan意为“仅仅，不过是”；nolessthan意为“不少于”；muchmorethan意为“比多得多”,2.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage_theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.a.butb.norc.asd.like1999C与其说是语言，还不如说是文化背景使得这本书难以读懂。只有Itisnotsomuchas为固定结构，意思是“与其说是不如是”。,3.Johnis_hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.a.nolessb.nomorec.notlessd.noso1998AJohn和他妹妹一样刻苦，但考试没及格。nolessthan表示“在方面不比差”；nomorethan表示“和一样都不”；notlessthan意为“不少于，至少(不比差)”；没有D项这种搭配。,4.Languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothecleaner_totheprofessor.a.asfarasb.thesameasc.asmuchasd.aslongas1998C语言属于社会中的每一个成员，对于清洁工和教授而言没有什么两样。asmuchas用于同等程度的比较，表示“和一样多”；thesameas一般只做表语或定语；aslongas表示“只要”；asfaras表示“和一样远”。,5.WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan_EasternNebraska.a.inb.itreceivesinc.doesd.itdoesin1996C6._thetwo,Bobis_student.a.Of,morediligentb.In,morediligentc.Of,themorediligentd.In,muchmorediligent1995C,7.Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem_conspicuous.a.allthemoreb.allthemuchc.allmored.allmuch1994A,8.Itwas_wehadhoped.a.moreasuccessthanb.asuccessmorethanc.asmuchofasuccessasd.asuccessasmuchas2006C这正如我们希望的那样，是个了不起的成功。Asmuchofa.asMoreofathan,9.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudness_byhislackoftalent.a.somuchasb.ratherthanc.asd.than2004-41A那个喇叭手的确引人注意，但与其说我讨厌他的吵闹，倒不如说他没天分。notsomuchas意为“与其说是，倒不如说是”。,10.DoyouknowTimsbrother?Heis_thanTim.a.muchmoresportsmanb.moreofasportsmanc.moreofsportsmand.moreasportsman2005-59Bbeofa/an+n.结构，表示具有后面那个名词的性质，这个搭配可以看作是一个形容词，所以它的比较级要用more修饰，放在系动词的后边,11.Hewas_totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.A.toomuchofacowardB.toomuchthecowardC.acowardenoughD.enoughofacoward1998AToomuchofa,