2016年6月英语六级第一套真题听力原文

16 年第一套真题听力 Conversation One 对话一 M So how long have you been a Market ResearchConsultant 男 你做市场调查顾问多长时间了 W Well I started straight after finishing university 女 我大学毕业后就开始做了 M Did you study market research 男 你学的是市场调查吗 W Yeah and it really helped me to get into theindustry 女 是的 这帮助我进入了这个行业 but I have to say that it s more important to get experience in different types of marketresearch to find out exactly what you re interested in 但是我不得不说 你需要有各种市场研究的经验才能找出你真正感兴趣的事物 这很重要 M So what are you interested in 男 你对什么感兴趣 W Well at the moment I specialize in quantitative advertising research which means that Ido two types of projects 女 目前来说 我专门做量化广告调查 也就是说我做两个项目 Trackers which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfac tion over a longperiod of time 追踪调查 这是个正在进行的项目 研究很长一段时期内的趋势和客户满意度 The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time 追踪调查的唯一问题是太费时间 But you do build up a good relationship with the client 但是你真的能和客户建立良好的关系 I also do a couple of ad hoc jobs which are much shorter projects 我也做一些临时工作 这些项目的耗时较短 M What exactly do you mean by ad hoc jobs 男 你说的临时工作是什么 W It s basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers habits 女 主要是 当企业需要快速解答关于消费者习惯的问题时 They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example so the time you spend on anad hoc project tends to be fairly short 比如 他们需要发出一份问卷调查 所以你花费在临时工作上的时间非常短 M Which do you prefer trackers or ad hoc 男 你更喜欢哪种工作 最终调查工作还是临时工作 W I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep m e from goingcrazy I need the variety 女 我两个都喜欢 实际上 需要同时做这两种工作以防我疯掉 我需要工作多样化 M Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client 男 你能解释一下你和新客户的交流过程吗 W Well together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the r esearch 女 我们一起找到研究方法并设定研究的目标 I then design a questionnaire Once the interviewers have been briefed I se nd the client aschedule and then they get back to me with deadlines 然后我设计一份问卷调查 问题的摘要制定好后 我把计划书发给顾客 然后他们给我最 后期限 Once the final charts and tables are ready I have to check them and organi ze a presentation 把最终的图标准备好后 我需要进行检查 然后整理报告 M Hmm one last question what do you like and dislike about your job 男 最后一个问题 你喜欢和不喜欢的工作分别是什么 W As I said variety is important and as for what I don t like it has to be th e checking ofcharts and tables 女 就像我之前说的 工作的多样性很重要 至于我不喜欢的内容就是图表的核对了 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard 问题 5 8 是基于刚才你所听到的这段对话的 Question 1 What position does the woman hold in the company 问题 1 女士在公司的职位是什么 Question 2 What does the woman specialize in at the moment 问题 2 目前 女士专门做什么 Question 3 What does the woman say about trackers 问题 3 女士对于追踪调查都说了些什么 Question 4 What does the woman dislike about her job 问题 4 女士不喜欢的工作内容是什么 Conversation Two 对话二 W Hello I m here with Frederick 女 大家好 今天我要和弗雷德里克聊聊 Now Fred you went to university in Canada 弗雷德里克 你是在加拿大念的大学 M Yeah that s right 男 是的 W OK and you have very strong views aboutuniversities in Canada Could y ou please explain 女 好的 那你很了解加拿大的大学 你能介绍一下吗 M Well we don t have private universities in Canada They re all public 男 加拿大没有私立大学 全是公立的 All the universities are owned by the government so there is the Ministry of E ducation in chargeof creating the curriculum for the universities 所有大学都是政府运营的 加拿大教育部负责大学课程的设置 and so there is not much room for flexibility 所以没有太多灵活变通的空间 Since it s a government operated institution things don t move very fast 大学是政府运营的机构 事情进展的速度不会太快 If you want something to be done then their staff do not have so much ince ntive to help youbecause he s a worker for the government 如果你想做件事 工作人员没有太大的积极性去帮助你 因为他是为政府工作的 So I don t think it s very efficient 我认为这样就导致效率不太高 However there are certain advantages of public universities such as the fee s being free Youdon t have to pay for your education 不过公立大学也有优点 比如学费免费 你不用交教育费用 But the system isn t efficient and it does not work that well 不过这种体系不仅效率低 而且效果不太好 W Yeah I can see your point but in the United States we have many private universities and Ithink they are large bureaucracies also 女 我明白你的观点 我们美国有很多私立大学 我认为私立大学也是庞大的官僚机构 Maybe people don t act that much differently because it s the same thing wor king for a privateuniversity 工作人员的行为看起来没什么不同 因为为私立大学工作没什么不一样的 They get paid for their job I don t know if they re that much more motivated to help people 他们通过工作获得薪水 我不知道他们在帮助别人时是否有积极性 Also we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids g o to the bestschools and it s kind of a problem actually 美国的问题是 只有有钱人家的孩子才能去最好的学校上学 这是问题所在 M I agree with you I think it s a problem because you re not giving equal ac cess to educationto everybody 男 我同意你的看法 我认为这的确是个问题 因为这样没有让所有人享有同等的受教育 权利 It s not easy but having only public universities also might not be the best so lution 这个问题不容易解决 不过我觉得只设有公立大学而没有私立大学可能并不是最好的解决 方法 Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and pu blic universities 或许我们可以像日本学习 他们既有公立大学又有私立大学的教育体系 Now in Japan public universities are considered to be the best 日本的公立大学被认为是最好的学校 W Right It s the exact opposite in the United States 女 是的 这与美国的情况完全相反 M So as you see it s very hard to say which one is better 男 可见 很难说哪种体系更好 W Right a good point 女 对 你说的没错 Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard 问题 5 8 是基于刚才你所听到的这段对话的 Question 5 What does the woman want Frederick to talk about 问题 5 这位女士想让弗雷德里克聊聊什么 Question 6 What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian univer sities 问题 6 对于加拿大大学的课程 男士都说了些什么 Question 7 On what point do the speakers agree 问题 7 两位说话者都赞同的观点是什么 Question 8 What point does the man make at the end of the conversation 问题 8 对话最后男士得出了什么结论 Passage One 短文一 A recent International Labor Organization report saysthe deterioration of re al wages around the worldcalls into question the true extent of an economicr ecovery 国际劳工组织最近的一份报告指出世界各地实际工资的恶化情况令人质疑经济复苏的真实 程度 especially if government rescue packages are phasedout too early 尤其是政府的救市计划是否退出过早 The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year despite indications of aneconomic rebound 报告称 尽管经济有回暖迹象 今年的工资状况仍有可能进一步恶化 Patrick Belser an international labor organization specialist says declining w age rates arelinked to the levels of unemployment 一位国际劳工组的专家织帕特里克 贝尔塞表示工资增长率的降低与失业率有关 The quite dramatic unemployment features which we now see in some of t he countries strongly suggest that there will be a great pressure on wages in the future as more people willbe unemployed 我们看到现在一些国家的失业率十分惊人 这强烈表明未来工资会因失业人数增加而面临 更大压力 more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attractworkers will decline 由于有更多人求职 企业在提升薪资吸引员工方面的压力便随之下降 So we expect that the second part of the year would not be very good in term s of wagegrowth 因此 我们预测今年下半年的工资增长前景不容乐观 The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falli ng monthly wagesin real terms 报告发现超过四分之一的国家实际月工资没有增长甚至出现下降 They include the United States Austria Costa Rica South Africa and German y 其中包括美国 奥地利 哥斯达黎加 南非 德国 International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies tolessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis 国际劳工组织的经济学家称 在经济危机期间 一些国家已经提出了相应政策来减轻低工 资的影响 An example of these is work sharing with government subsidies 其中的一个例子就是分享政府补贴的工作 Under this scheme the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoidlayoffs 按照这项政策 减少个人工时来避免裁员 For this scheme to work the government must provide wage subsidies to co mpensate forlost pay due to the shorter hours 为了此方案有效运转 政府必须提供工资津贴以补偿工时减少而造成的工资损失 Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard 问题 9 11 是基于刚才你所听到的这篇短文的 Question 9 What is the International Labor Organization s report mainly abou t 问题 9 国际劳工组织报告主要是关于什么的 Question 10 According to an International Labor Organization s specialist ho w will employersfeel if there are more people looking for jobs 问题 10 据国际劳工组织的专家介绍 如果有更多人求职 那么雇主们会作何感想 Question 11 What does the speaker mean by the work sharing scheme 问题 11 说话者所说的工作分享政策是什么意思 Passage Two 短文二 Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recallremedy 魔力记忆药片或者回忆补救草药真的存在吗 I have been frequently asked if these memorysupplements work 我经常被问到这些记忆补品是否有效 You know one of the first things I like to tell peoplewhen they ask me about t he supplements is that alot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory 当人们问到我记忆补品的时候 我首先要告诉他们的是这类补药被宣传为能治愈他们的记 忆 But your memory doesn t need a cure 但是你的记忆并不需要治疗 What your memory needs is a good workout 你的记忆需要的是很好的锻炼方式 So really those supplements aren t going to give you that perfect memory in t he way that theypromise 所以那些补品真的不会给你带来他们所承诺的那种完美的记忆 The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren t necessarily what they claim to be andyou really have to be wary when you take any of them 另一件事是很多补品并不像他们所说的那样 你需要谨慎服用 The science isn t there behind most of them 很多补品并没有得到科学的证实 They re not really well regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard 其实他们的管理并不良好 除非他们遵守产业标准 You don t really know that what they say is in there isn t there 你不能确定他们所说的东西里面一定有 不是吗 What you must understand is that those supplements especially in some ea stern cultures arepart of a medical practice tradition 你必须明白的是 尤其是在一些东方国家 这类补药是医疗实践传统的一部分 People don t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements 人们不只是到当地杂货店买这类补药 In fact they are prescribed and they re given at a certain level a dosage tha t is understood bya practitioner who s been trained 实际上 这类补药属于处方药 须由经过训练的职业医师规定剂量 And that s not really the way they re used in this country 而这个国家并没有采取这种方式 The other thing people do forget is that these are medicines so they do have an impact 人们忘记了一件事 那就是这类补药是药品 他们确实会带来一些影响 A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have or the fac t that taking themin combination with other medications might put you at in creased risk for something that youwouldn t otherwise being countering or be at risk for 很多时候人们并没有真正意识到服用这类补药所带来的影响 也不知道与其他药物同服可 能会增加出现某些不良情况的风险 Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard 问题 12 15 是基于刚才你所听到的这篇文章的 Question12 What question is frequently put to the speaker 问题 12 说话人经常被问到什么问题 Question13 What does the speaker say about most memory supplements 问题 13 对于大多数的记忆力补品 说话人都说了什么 Question14 What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures 问题 14 我们从东方国家的记忆补品中都学到了什么 Question15 What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the en d 问题 15 在文章最后 说话人对于记忆补品都说了什么 Recording 1 录音一 The negative impacts of natural disasters can beseen everywhere 自然灾害造成的负面影响随处可见 In just the past few weeks the world has witnessedthe destructive powers o f earthquakes in Indonesia typhoons in the Philippines and the destructive s eawaves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands 在刚刚过去的几周内 世界目睹了发生在印度尼西亚的强地震 菲律宾的台风以及袭击萨 摩亚和邻近岛屿的毁灭性海浪 A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds tha t between 1980and 2007 nearly 8 400 natural disasters killed more than tw o million people 灾害流行病学研究中心发现在 1980 年到 2007 年间 将近 8400 场自然灾害导致了 200 万人死亡 These catastrophic events caused more than 1 5 trillion in economic losses 这些灾难造成的经济损失超过 1 万 5 千亿美元 U N weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news Over the last 50 years economiclosses have increased by a factor of 50 联合国气象专家杰弗里 洛夫称这是一个坏消息 在过去的 50 年里 经济损失增加了 50 倍 That sounds pretty terrible but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 1 0 simply becausewe are getting better at warning people 这听起来很糟糕 但是死亡人数减少了 10 倍 只是因为我们的预防工作做得越来越好 We are making a difference Extreme events however will continue to occur 我们所做的努力起到了很好的作用 然而 极端事件还会继续发生 But the message is that they need not be disasters 但是 这些极端事件不一定是灾难 Love who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World M eteorologicalOrganization 洛夫是世界气象组织气象和减灾中心的主任 says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather climat e or water related extremes 他说大部分的死亡和经济损失都是由天气 气候或者与水相关的灾害导致的 These include droughts floods windstorms strong tropical winds and wildfir es 其中包括干旱 洪灾 暴风 强劲的热带季风和大火灾 He says extreme events will continue 他说极端事件还会继续发生 But he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prep are for them 但是他说只有当人们未能做好应对极端事件的准备工作 极端事件才会演变成灾难 Many of the remedies are well known From a planning perspective it is pretty simple 很多预防措施是众所周知的 从规划的角度来讲 这其实很简单 Build better buildings Don t build where the hazards will destroy them 建造稳固的建筑物 不要建在容易让灾害毁坏的地方 From an early warning perspective make sure the warnings go right down to the commun itylevel Build community action plans 从安全预警的角度来讲 要确保预警能够直接到达社区层面 构建社区行动计划 The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as exa mples of countriesthat have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by nat ural disasters by taking preventiveaction 世界气象组织以古巴和孟加拉国为例指出这两个国家通过采取预防措施 成功地减少了自 然灾害带来的大量人员死亡 It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens if not hundreds of lives eac h year in Cuba 古巴每年都遭受很多次热带风暴的袭击 导致很多人死亡 But the development of an early warning system has reversed that trend 但是安全预警系统的发展改变了这一趋势 In 2008 Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes but only seven people w ere killed 2008 年 古巴遭遇了 5 次飓风的连续袭击 仅有 7 人遇难 Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results 孟加拉国采取的措施也取得了成效 Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440 000 pe ople 1970 年到 1991 年间发生的巨大风暴潮导致 44 万人死亡 Through careful preparation the death toll from a super tropical storm in No vember 2007 wasless than 3 500 经过精心的准备 2007 年 11 月发生的超级热带风暴导致不超过 3500 人死亡 Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard 问题 16 到 18 是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音 Question 16 What is the talk mainly about 问题 16 这段录音主要谈论了什么 Question 17 How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters 问题 17 我们如何阻止极端事件演变成灾难 Question 18 What does the example of Cuba serve to show 问题 18 录音列举了古巴的例子是为了说明什么 Recording 2 录音二 As U S banks recovered with the help of American government and the American taxpayers 在美国政府和纳税人的帮助下 美国银行业得以复苏 President Obama held meetings with top bank executives telling them it s time to return the favor 奥巴马总统与各银行高管举行了会议并告诉银行是时候作出回报了 The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wider recovery he said 他说 我认为现在银行更有义务去完成更大范围的经济复苏这一目标 But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit 但是总统或许太相信财政部门了 It was in a free fall and it was a very scary period Economist Martin Neil Baily said 经济学家马丁 尼尔 贝利说 银行业危机目前处于自由下滑状态 现在是令人恐慌的时期 After the failure of Lehman Brothers many of the world s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans 雷曼兄弟失败之后 房地产泡沫的崩溃暴露了高风险贷款的投资 很多世界上最大的银行 担心银行业危机会处于最糟糕的状态 Although he says the worst is just over Bailey says the banking crisis is not 尽管贝利称最糟糕的情况已经过去了 但是他说银行业的危机还没有结束 More than 130 US banks failed in 2009 2009 年已经有 130 多家美国银行倒闭 He predicts high failure rates for smaller regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due 他预计在 2010 年 规模较小的地区性银行倒闭的几率较大 原因是商业地产贷款将到期 So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so 所以预计明年左右 中小企业信贷的数额可能会日益缩小 Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend 专家称目前最大的问题是高失业率 这会导致借贷需求减少以及银行不愿意放贷 But US Bankcorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently 但是美国合众银行首席执行官理查德 戴维斯看待这个问题角度有所不同 We re probably more optimistic than the experts might be 我们比一些经济专家更乐观 With that in mind we re putting in everything we can lending is the coal to our engine so we want to make more loans 基于乐观的态度 我们在尽自己最大的努力 借贷就好像煤炭对于引擎的作用一样 所以 我们要放出更多的贷款 We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk 我们会找到一种方式让更多的人具备贷款资格并不把我们置于危险之中 While some economists predict continued recovery in the future Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes twice 尽管一些经济学家预计银行业会在未来持续复苏 但是贝利说我们唯一能确定的是银行不 太可能再犯同样的错误 You know forecasting s become a very hazardous business so I don t want to commit myself too much 你知道 局势复杂多变 不容易预测 所以我不想过多地参与 I don t think we know exactly what s going to happen but it s certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two 我认为我们不能确切地知道接下来会发生的事情 但是我们可以在未来一两年内让经济缓 慢好转 If the economy starts to shrink again Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary 如果美国经济再次下滑 贝利认为美国政府应该有充分的理由二度刺激经济 奥巴马政 府则不以为然 Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard 问题 19 到 22 是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音 Question19 What does President Obama hope the banks will do 问题 19 奥巴马总统希望银行做什么 Question20 What is Martin Neil Baily s prediction about the financial situation in the future 问题 20 马丁 尼尔 贝利预计未来的财务状况将会怎样 Question21 What does U S Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation 问题 21 美国合众银行首席执行官理查德 戴维斯对银行的未来运营说了什么 Question22 What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy 问题 22 马丁 尼尔 贝利对二度刺激经济有什么看法 Recording 3 录音三 A new study has failed to find any conclusiveevidence that lifestyle changes can preventcognitive decline in older adults 一项新研究未能找到任何有力的证据来证明改变生活方式能防止老年人认知能力减退 Still there are good reasons to make positivechanges in how we live and what we eat as we age 当我们年老时 我们仍旧有充分的理由让我们的居住方式和饮食习惯朝着积极的方向发展 Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills or recall words na mes and faces thatis most common as we age 当我们年老时 认知能力的下降意味着丧失学习新技能的能力 或者是容易忘记一些单词 名字和人脸 To reduce or avoid it researchers have examined the effect of smoking diet brain challenging games exercise and other strategies 为了降低或者避免认知能力的衰退 研究者们调查了抽烟 饮食 脑力挑战游戏 运动以 及其他策略的效果 Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies a nd found anabsence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can ma ke a big difference 杜克大学的研究人员详细检查了 160 多项公开的研究 他们发现没有有力的证据能够证实 上述任何一种方式能帮助降低认知能力衰退 Co author James Burke helped design the study 合著者詹姆斯 伯克帮助设计了这项研究 In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were ben eficial 在观察性研究中 我们发现有些维生素 B 是有益的 Exercise diet cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects althoug h the evidencewas not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established 虽然没有有力的证据证实运动 饮食 认知刺激可以帮助降低认知能力衰退 但是它们仍 能发挥一定的积极作用 Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with me ntally stimulatingactivities might help 以前的一些研究认为通过心理刺激的活动来挑战大脑或许会对降低认知能力的衰退有帮助 And Burke said that actually does seem to help based on randomized studies the researcher sgold standard 并且伯克认为根据随机研究 研究者的黄金标准 这看起来确实是有帮助的 Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit 我们确实在认知刺激领域发现了一些有用的效果 The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as b eingintellectually engaged 但个体所使用的具体刺激方式并不如脑力主动参与重要 The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any dru gs or dietarysupplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline 专家评审也没有找到充足的证据来推荐任何可以防止或减缓认知能力下降的药品或膳食补 充剂 However given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of theselifestyle changes 然而 鉴于有证据显示一些生活方式的改变对降低认知能力衰退有积极的影响 plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline Burke was wil ling to offer somerecommendations 再加上其他显然与认知能力下降无关的好处 伯克愿意给人们提供一些建议 I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle both from a medical standpoint as wellas nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint 我认为从医学 营养和认知刺激的角度来看 如果人们采取健康的生活方式 we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline which will be proof that t hese factors are infact important 我们就可以减少认知能力衰退的发病率 这将证明上述因素实际上是重要的 James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing pr evious researchon cognitive decline 杜克大学的詹姆斯 伯克是研究之前有关认知减退研究的作者 The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine 论文发表在了内科学年鉴网站上 Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard 问题 23 到 25 是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音 Question 23 According to the speaker what might be a symptom of cogniti ve decline inolder adults 问题 23 根据说话者所说 老年人认知能力减退的症状是什么 Question 24 According to James Burke what does seem to help reduce cogn itive decline 问题 24 根据詹姆斯 伯克所说 什么有助于降低认知能力衰退 Question 25 What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitivedecline 问