五大基本句型

.二、简单的五种基本句型：1、S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓语）主动结构例如：Time flies.1）S + V +副词（状语）例如：Birds sing beautifully.2）S + Vi +介词短语（状语）例如：He went on holiday.3）S + Vi +不定式（状语）例如：We stopped to have a rest.4）S + Vi +分词（状语）例如：Ill go swimming.2、S (主）+ Vt（及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）主动宾结构例如：We like English.1）S + Vt +名词/代词例如：I like music.2）S + Vt +不定式例如：I want tohelp him.说明常用于这句型的动词有：decide, hope, learn,need, promise, want,等。3）S + Vt +疑问词+不定式例如：I dont knowwhat to do.说明常用于这句型的动词有：ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。4）S + Vt +动名词例如：I enjoyliving here.说明常用于这句型的动词有：advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。5）S + Vt +宾语从句例如：I dont think(that) he is right.说明常用于这句型的动词有：hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。【难点】3、S (主）+ V（谓语）(系动词）+ P（表语）主系表结构例如：We areChinese.说明.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，表感官的动词，feel, smell,taste, sound, look, seem等。表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn,go,等。表延续的动词keep, seem等。表瞬时的动词come, fall等。.表语也就是主语的补足语。1）S + V +名词/代词例如：He is a boy.2）S + V +形容词例如：She isbeautiful.3）S + V + Adv副词例如：Class isover.4）S + V +介词短语例如：He is in goodhealth.5）S + V+分词例如：He isexcited. 4、S (主）+ Vt（谓语）+ In O（间接宾语）+ D O（直接宾语）主动双宾结构例如：I give youhelp.1）S + Vt +间接宾语+直接宾语例如：I sent him abook. 2）S + Vt +直接宾语+ To/for +间接宾语例如：He sent abook to me. 说明间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring, give,lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy, get,make等。【难点】5、S (主）+ Vt（谓语）+ O（宾语）+ O C（宾语补足语）主动宾补结构例如：I make youclear.强调宾语和宾语补足语之间通常具有逻辑主谓关系。1）S + Vt +宾语+名词例如：We named ourbaby Tom.说明常用于这句型的动词有：call, find, make, name等。2）S + Vt +宾语+形容词例如：He paintedthe wall white.说明常用于这句型的动词有：cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。3）S + Vt +宾语+介词短语例如：She alwayskeeps everything in good order.4）S + Vt +宾语+不定式例如：I wish you tostay. 说明常用于这句型的动词有：不定式带to的词：ask, invite,tell, want, warn, wish等。不定式不带to的词：have, know,let, make, notice, see, watch等。5）S + Vt +宾语+分词例如：I heard myname called（表示被动）.I feelsomething moving（表示进行）.说明常用于这句型的动词有：notice, observe, see, watch等。6）S + Vt +宾语+疑问词+不定式例如：He show mehow to do it.说明常用于这句型的动词有：ask, show, teach, tell等。【巩固练习】（一）基础题：1判断下列各句的基本结构。1）Mr. Black isEnglish._2）The teachertaught us some new words._3）The farmer ispicking the apples._4）Thetemperature dropped._5）They turnedto the right._6）I would like to be your pen-friend._7）I have short black hair and browneyes._8）I alsoenjoy playing chess._9）I have abrother called Edwin._10）Myambition is to be an engineer._2句子成分判断：A.指出下列句中主语的中心词1）Theteacherwith two of his students is walking into the classroom.2）Thereis an oldmancoming here.3）Theusefuldictionarywas given by my mother lastyear.4）To do todays homeworkwithout the teachers help is very difficult.5）Thegoodomenof his birth was destined to changehis fortune.B.选出句中谓语的中心词1）Idont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall2）Thedays get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B. longer C.days D. summer3）Doyou usually go to school by bus?A.Do B. usually C. go D. bus4）Therewill be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. thelibrary D. afternoon5）Didthe twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B.twins C. have D. breakfastC.挑出下列句中的宾语1）Mybrotherhasntdonehis homework.A B C D2）Peoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish.A B C D3）Youmust paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A B C D4）Someof thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou?A B C D5）Theydidnt knowwhoFatherChristmas really is.A B C DD.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1）Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D2）Heaskedhertotake the boyout of school.A B C D3）Shefounditdifficultto do the work.A B C D4）TheycallmeLilysometimes.A B C D5）Did you seeLi Mingplayingfootballon the playgroundjust now?A B C DE.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语1)）Pleasetellus a story.2）Myfather boughta new bikeformelast week.3）Mr.Li is going to teachus historynext term.4）Hereis a pen. GiveittoTom.5）Didhe leaveany messageforme. 参考答案：1、1）SVC 2)SVOO 3)SVO 4)SV 5)SV 6)SVO 7)SVO8)SVO 9)SVOC 10)SVC（二）提高题：I.指出下列各句中斜体词的词性，并将句子译成汉语。1. The driverbackedthe car out of thegarage.2. The man wasfined20 dollars forsmoking in the theatre.3. Youve done a pretty good job.4. The boy asked the actorspresenttosign their names in his notebook.5. In the darkness weinchedagainst thewall.6. We walked about the school campus during thebreak.7. There was aburstof laughter in theclassroom.8. The climber bought a lot ofcannedfood.9. These medicines will beshippedto anAfrican country.10. The lady put the fish dish at the window tocoolit.11. Harrislearned how tomilka cow.12. The crops are growing badly in suchdryweather.13. The wastebasket has beenemptied.14. Too muchfatis bad for ones health.15. A new plan hasformedin his mind.16. The girl has agiftfor language learning.17. The rain saved us the trouble towatertheflowers.18. They had a goodlaughover the story.19. The ownernamedhis coffee shopDream.20. The hall canseatabout one thousandpeople.21. The robber wassentencedto death.22. His debttotaled 20,000.23. They satstill,with their eyes fixedon the teacher.24. We looked at the eagle flyinghighinthe sky.25. Is hehomealready?26. The old man likes towalkhis dogafter breakfast.27. She haslongedto have a room of herown.28. Some roadsignswere set up along thehighway.29. Nancystopped to have asmoke.30. Ibookedtwo tickets beforehand.II.指出下列各句的基本结构。1. Mr Black is English.2. The teacher taught us some grammar rules.3. The farmer dug up the soil.4. She found her ring lost.5. She left her job unfinished.6. The great poet lived in the 18th century.7. She introduced her friends to us. 8. The tape-recorder is on the desk.9. The guests have just arrived.10. She laid the baby on the bed.参考答案：答案：I1、司机把汽车倒出车库。2、那人因为在剧场内抽烟被罚款20美元。3、你工作干得很好。4、孩子请在场的演员在他的笔记本上签名。5、黑暗中我们倚墙慢慢移动。6、休息时我们在校园散步。7、教室里爆发出一阵哄笑声。8、登山者买了许多罐头食品。9、这些药品将船运到某非洲国家。10、女士把烧好的鱼放在靠窗处凉一下。11、哈里斯学会了如何挤奶。12、在这么干旱的天气里庄家长势很差。13、废纸篓已被倒空。14、过多的脂肪对人体健康有害。15、一个新的计划在他的头脑中形成了。16、这女孩有学习语言的天赋。17、这场雨省去了我们浇花的麻烦。18、他们听了故事开怀大笑。19、店主将他的咖啡馆取名为“梦”。20、这会场能容纳约1000人的座位。21、抢劫者被判处死刑。22、他的债务总计两万英镑。23、他们坐着不动，眼睛盯着老师。24、我们看着鹰在天空翱翔。25、他已经回家了。26、老人喜欢早餐后遛狗。27、她渴望有自己的房间。28、公路沿线竖起了一些路牌。29、南希停下来抽烟。30、我事先预定了两张票。II.1.SVC 2.SVOO 3. SVO 4.SVOC 5.SVOC6.SV 7.SVOO 8.SVC 9.SV 10.SVO【重点】（作为一个专门模块分析）二、复合句：1、宾语从句2、状语从句英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型1： Subject (主语) Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。4、 句型4： Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5： Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词) 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。.