有关to的语法及用法.ppt

,不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语.但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。,复习不定式（RevisetheInfinitive）,1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.,辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:,(subject),(subject),(predicative),4.Idonthavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(objectcomplement),不定式在句中的功能做主语:那样做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置.要学好英语不是那么容易的。Ex.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.,(2)做宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。Ex.Shelovestotalkaboutthematter.他希望不久能找到工作.Hehopestofindajobsoon.,常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish等,.不定式有时和连接代/副词一起构成宾语.Ex.Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?我来问他怎么样开这机器.Illaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.有时不定式由whether引起.Ididntknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.,feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语是形容词(间或是名词),常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移.Ex.Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.,3.做宾语补足语:常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等.,Ex.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.,后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:let,hear,have,make,see,observe,feel,watch,notice等.Ex.Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.,Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.,4.做表语不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的梦想是成为一名医生.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.,5.做定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.,6.做状语(1)做目的状语，常用的结构：todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/suchastodo,etc.Ex.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.(2)做结果状语：常与副词only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾Ex.Imgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.,二、不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由：“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。Ex.请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误.Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.,三、不定式的时态：（1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。Ex.Heseemstoknowthis.他似乎知道这事。Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。,（2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Ex.Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.,(3)一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Ex.他好象正在吃什么东西。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.,（4）完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。Sheissaidtohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.,Practicechoosing(10m),1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.Wereplanning_apartynextweek.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had,C,A,3.-Whichdoyouprefer_yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?-Neither.SpendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend4.Didyoufindout_thepieoutoftheoven?A.WhentotakeB.totakeC.havetakenD.beingtaken,B,A,5._getacompletepicture,furtherinformationisneeded.InorderthatB.InordertoC.BeingD.Tohave6.Itsnecessary_someEnglishgrammar.forstudentstolearnB.forstudentslearningC.ofstudentstolearnD.ofstudentslearning,A,B,7.Ioughtto_himthenews,butIforgottodoso.A.remembertotellB.remembertellingC.haverememberedtotellD.haverememberedtelling8.I_youtheexcitingnews,butyouwerenotathome.MeanttellingB.meanttotellingC.MeanttohavingtoldD.meanttotell,C,D,高考链接,Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.(2005天津)tosoundB.tobesoundedC.SoundingD.tohavesounded,A,解析:want后接不定式;sound是系动词,没有被动式;句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义.,2.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstar.(2005上海)A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have,C,解析:不定式tohave在此做目的状语.,3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(2005江苏)A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft,A,解析:主语he与leave是主动关系,句中出现了already,tohaveleft表示该动作发生在主语谓语issaid之前.,4.-Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?-Sure,_itcompletedintime,wellworktwomorehoursaday.(2005福建)havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get,B,解析:每天加班两个小时的目的是使工程及时完工,只有不定式表目的.,