名词从句和状语从句.ppt

名词性从句,名词性从句的定义：,起名词作用的从句，这些从句可以作为一个整体来看待，其作用就相当于一个名词，在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别称作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,简单句的五种基本句型,主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,认清句子结构,Hemademehappy.Irememberhim.Thequestionisdifficult.Weallknowthepopstar,ZhouJielun.Hisdreamhascometrue.,Hemademehappy.,Thathecametohelpmeintimemademehappy.Whathesaidmademehappy.,Irememberhim.,IrememberthatIhavemethimsomewherebefore.IrememberwhereIhavemethimbefore.IrememberwhenIhavemethimsomewhere.,Thequestionisdifficult.,Thequestionishowwecanfinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Thequestioniswhocancometohelpus.Thequestioniswherewecangetsomuchmoney.,Weallknowthefactthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.Hisdreamthathewillbecomeamoviestarhascometrue.Whatthefortune-tellerpredicted20yearsagohascometure.,Weallknowthepopstar,ZhouJielun.Hisdreamhascometrue.,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,that不做成分；没词义；有作用whether(if只能在动词宾语从句中代替whether，而且不许出现ifornot三词紧挨着之情况)不做成分；有词义；有作用whowhomwhosewhatwhich做成分；有词义；有作用whenwherehowwhy做成分；有词义；有作用,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,Thefactremainsthatwearebehindtheothergroups.Sheaskedifthatwasenough.WhetherthefootballmatchwillbeplayedornotdependsontheweatherMaryisworryingaboutwhethershehashurthisfeelings.Idontcarewhetherornothehasrealizedhismistake.Idontcareif/whetherhehasrealizedhismistakeornot.Whodidtheworkisunknown.,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,名词性从句的连接词及其作用,8.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.9.Iwonderwhosebookitis.10.Herearesomebooks.Tellmewhichisworthreading.11.TellmewhichbookisLiLeis.12.Thatiswhysheissohappy.13.Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.14.Idontknowwhenshewillarrivetomorrow.15.NooneknowshowtheancientChinesepeoplemovedsohugestonesinthepast.,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,连接词的比较：名词从句：thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherehowwhy定语从句：thatwhowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhyas,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,B.作用的比较：1.that引导名词从句不做成分，引导定语从句作主语或宾语；2.which引导名词从句作定语间或主语，引导定语从句做主语或宾语；C结构的比较：1.名词从句直接做主语、宾语、表语或同位语2.定语从句和先行词一起做主语、宾语、表语或同位语,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,EveryoneknowsthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.EveryoneknowsthefactthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.Isthisthefactory(that)youvisitedlastyear?ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayiswellworthreading.,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,Tellmewhichseatismine,please!Oh,somanycars!Canyoupickoutwhich(one)isMrLis.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhichDoyouknowwhichhotel_?A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,Whathesaidatthemeetingencouragedusall.Thewordsthathesaidatthemeetingencouragedusall.Wearediscussingwhomwellinvitetothepartynextweek.Wearediscussingthepersonwhomwellinvitetothepartynextweek.,名词性从句与定语从句的比较：,Idontknowwhoisstandingthere.Idontknowthepersonwhoisstandingthere.LiLeihastoldmewhomheisinlovewith.LiLeihastoldmethegirlwhomheisinlovewith.Shewonderswhosefaultitis.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Thatiswhysheissohappy.Thatisthereasonwhysheissohappy.ThefactorywhereLiLeiworkedlastyearisnotfar.IdontknowwhereLiLeiworkedlastyear.ImetLiLeisbrotherwhereLiLeiworkedlastyear.,名词性从句注意的几个问题：,用it作形式主语的主语从句英语中其他一些从属连词，如because,as,asif等，也可用来引导表语从句。注意下面常见的句型：英语中，表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。,用it作形式主语的主语从句。,如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后，尤其是当主句的谓语动词是连系动词时。例如：1.Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilmwithmeyesterday.很遗憾你昨天没和我去看电影。2.Itiscertainthattheirgovernmentwilllosethenextelection.他们的政府在下次选举中会失败是确定无疑的。,用it作形式主语的主语从句。,3.Ithasntbeendecidedwhetherthemeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.明天是否开会还没确定。4.Itisimportant/necessary/rightthat是重要的/必要的/正确的.5.Itissaid/reported/hoped/believedthat据说/据报道/人们希望/人们相信6.Ithappensthat碰巧7.Itoccurstosbthat（某人）突然想到,8.itdoesntmatterhow/whether如何不重要/是否不重要。9.Itislikelythat很可能10.Whatashameitisthat！多可惜呀！11.Itisnowonderthat怪不得12.Itturnedoutthat结果证明13.Itisprobablethat很可能14.Itiswell-knownthat众所周知15.Itisthoughtthat人们认为,用it作形式主语的主语从句。,表语从句常见句型,1.Thingsarenotastheyseemtobe.2.Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretooserious.3.Allthiswasover20yearsago,butitsasifitwereonlyyesterday.4.Thereasonwhyheisoftenlateforclassisthathehasthebadhabitofgettinguplateinthemorning.5.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.ThatiswhyIgotwetthrough.6.Igotwetthrough.ThatwasbecauseIhandnoumbrella.,英语中，表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。,A.建议（advisesuggestpropose）命令（ordercommand）要求（demandinsistrequestrequire）后的宾语从句中；B.在“Itis/was+形容词（或过去分词）+主语从句”的句型中；常用形容词：necessary,important,strange,natural,possible等常用过去分词:suggested,ordered,demanded,required,proposed,advised,decided等C.idea,proposal,suggestion,order,plan,decision,advice,desire,requirement等名词之后的表语从句或宾语从句中,例如：Isuggestthathe(should)havearest.Mysuggestionisthathe(should)havearest.Thathe(should)havearestismysuggestion.Mysuggestionthathe(should)havearesthasbeenaccepted.,英语中，表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。,教材中的从句(1),FrederickWilliamI,thekingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolorlikehoney.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountrysbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.,_,_,_,_,教材中的从句(2),InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsformtheAmberroom.However,someoftheNazissecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinside27woodenboxes.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery.,_,_,_,_,_,教材中的从句(3),PleasetakemetoaplacewhereIcanfindtheanimalthatgavefurtomakethissweater.Iwonderwhatisbeingdonetohelpyou.Daisyturnedaroundandfoundthatshewasbeingwatchedbyanelephant.Theysaidwedestroyedtheirfarms,andmoneyfromtouristsonlywenttothelargetourcompanies.Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.Whenscientistsinspectedthebones,theyweresurprisedtofindthatthesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrunliketheothersbutalsoclimbtrees.Theylearnedthisfromthewaytheboneswerejoinedtogether.,体会名词性从句的构成(1),Wearebehindtheothergroups.,thatwearebehindtheothergroupswhoarebehindtheothergroupswhomwearebehindwhetherwearebehindtheothergroups,体会名词性从句的构成(2),Thatwearebehindtheothergroupsisafact.Wehavetoadmitthatwearebehindtheothergroups.Thatwearebehindtheothergroupsmakesusface-losing.Wehavebeentoldthebadnewsthatwearebehindtheothergroups.Hehasntknownthatwearebehindtheothergroups.,体会名词性从句的构成(3),Wemustfindoutwhoarebehindtheothergroups.Itsclearwhoarebehindtheothergroups.Wearediscussingthequestionwhoarebehindtheothergroups.Thequestioniswhoarebehindtheothergroups.,体会名词性从句的构成(4),Idontknowwhetherwearebehindtheothergroups.Itsnotclearwhetherwearebehindtheothergroups.Whetherwearebehindtheothergroupsdoesntmatter.Itdoesntmatterwhetherwearebehindtheothergroups.,Hiscarelessnesscausedtheaccident.,thathiscarelessnesscausedtheaccidentwhetherhiscarelessnesscausedtheaccidentwhatcausedtheaccidentwhathiscarelessnesscaused,体会名词性从句的构成(5),体会名词性从句的构成(6),Weallknowthathiscarelessnesscausedtheaccident.Thathiscarelessnesscausedtheaccidentisafact.Itissaidthathiscarelessnesscausedtheaccident.Thathiscarelessnesscausedtheaccidentmakesuscarefulwithdriving.Wehavelearnedalessonfromthefactthathiscarelessnesscausedtheaccident.,体会名词性从句的构成(7),Wearediscussingwhetherhiscarelessnesscausedtheaccident.Whetherhiscarelessnesscausedtheaccidentisstillaquestion.Wearenotsurewhetherhiscarelessnesscausedtheaccident.,体会名词性从句的构成(8),Wedontknowwhatcausedtheaccident.Whatcausedtheaccidenthasntbeenfoundout.Whatcausedtheaccidentisamimportantquestion.Whatmattersiswhatcausedtheaccident.Wemustmakeitclearwhatcausedtheaccident.,Hehasntrealizedwhathiscarelessnesscaused.Whathiscarelessnesscausedisveryserious.Whathiscarelessnesscausedbroughthimgreattrouble.Thefollowingiswhathiscarelessnesscaused.,体会名词性从句的构成(9),体会名词性从句的构成(10),Youcallmyhometown“AncientGreece”.Ilivedinwhatyoucall“AncientGreece”.ItispartoftheUSAnow.IlivedinwhatispartoftheUASnow.Hesaidthathisbikewaslost.Whathesaidistrue.Thevillagewastheplacetheydbeendreamingof.Theyreachedwhat(theythought)wastheplacetheydbeendreamingof.,体会名词性从句的构成(11),5.Thatmadehimangry.Idontknowwhatmadehimsoangry.6.Anaccidenthappenedthere.Whathappenedthereisstillamystery.7.Thatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversitiesmadetheschoolproud.Whatmadetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.8.Wecantgetallthatwelike.Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.,状语从句,状语从句在复合句里起状语作用，修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、等9种。,认识状语及状语从句,HereadsEnglisheverymorning.WemetLiLeionthestreet.LiLeicamelatethismorningbecauseofrain.Inthatcase,wemuststartearlytomorrow.Onlyinthiswaycanweworkouttheproblem.Tobuyaperfectgiftfortheirson,theparentshavebeentofivemalls.Herushedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.,认识状语及状语从句,HewasreadingwhenIwenttoseehim.HewasreadingeverytimeIwenttoseehim.WemetLiLeiwhereheworks.WemetLiLeiwherehestudiedlastyear.WemetLiLeiwhereIplayedfootballyesterday.LiLeicamelatebecauseitrained.LiLeicamelatebecausehisbikewasbroken.LiLeicamelatebecausehegotuplate.LiLeicamelatebecausehehelpedanoldman.,10.Ifwewanttogetgoodseats,wemuststartearlytomorrow.11.Ifwewanttobebackbeforesunset,wemuststartearlytomorrow.12.WecanworkouttheproblemasLiLeidid.13.Theparentshavebeentofivemallsinorderthattheycanbuyaperfectgiftfortheirsun.14.Herunssofastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.15.Youcanridemybikesolongasyoureturnittomeearlytomorrowmorning.,认识状语及状语从句,状语从句引导词,when,whenever,while,as,till,until,since,before,after,once,assoonas，anytime,everytime,eachtime,thefirsttime,bythetime，themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecondimmediately,directly,instantlywhere,wherever,anywhere,everywheresothat,inorderthat,incase,so,sothat,sothat,suchthatas,since,because,now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),6.than,asas,notsoas7.as,asif,asthough,like8.if,unless,as/solongas,9.though,although,evenif/eventhough,while,when,as,whetheror,nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,nomatterhow,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,状语从句引导词,