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电大建筑施工技术方案设计期末复习参考题、参考答案资料小抄一、 单项选择题1、某土方工程的挖方量为1000m3，已知该土的Ks=1.25，Ks=1.05，实际需运走的土方量是 ( ).A.800m3 B.962m3 C.1250m3 D.1050m32、在基坑中常用（ ）用作既挡土又防水的支护结构。A.预制桩 B.深井井点 C.土层锚杆 D.连续钢板桩3、某土方工程，要求降水深度4m，实测地基上的渗透系数为40m/d，宜选用的井点降水方式是（ ）A.轻型井点 B.深井井点 C.管井井点 D.电渗井点4、环形轻型井点，井点管围城的面积314m2,则假想半径为（ ）。A5m B.10m C.15m D.20m5、填方工程的压实质量的指标是（ ）。A.最大干重量 B.压实系数 C.最优含水量 D.干重度6. 大型场地平整工程，当挖、填深度不大时，土方机械宜选用（ ）。 A.推土机 B.正铲挖土机 C.反铲挖土机 D.抓铲挖土机 7. 土方工程机械中,正向挖土、后方卸土的是（ ）。 A.推土机 B.正铲挖土机 C.反铲挖土机 D.抓铲挖土机 8.羊足碾最适宜碾压（ ）。 A.细纱 B.粗纱 C.粘性土 D.类土9.钢筋混凝土预制桩主筋的连接宜采用（ ）。 A.对焊 B.电弧焊 C.电阻点焊 D.埋弧压力焊 10.钢筋混凝土预制桩的混凝土强度达到设计强度的( )时,才可以进行打桩作业。 A.50% B.70% C.90% D.100% 11.基槽（坑）开挖时土方堆置地点，离槽（坑）边一般应在（）以外，堆置高度不宜超过1.5m以免影响土方开挖或塌方。 A、1.0m B、1.5m C、2.0m D、2.5m12.一般的工业与民用建筑屋面防水等级为（ ）。A、级 B、级 C、级 D、级13. 某组砼试块，三块抗压试验结果如下：21N/2、23/2和28N/2，则该组砼强度代表值为（）。A、21N/2 B、23N/2 C、24N/2 D、都不对14. 起重机滑轮组的省力系数019，钢筋混凝土构件重120kN，卷扬机应选用( )。 AJJM3 BJJK3 CJJM5 DJJK515. 柱的临时固定后的校正主要是指( )。 A.柱顶标高 B。牛腿标高 C平面位置 D垂直度16.三元乙丙橡胶防水油毡是( )。 A.沥青防水卷材 B合成高分子防水卷材 C树脂防水卷材 D高聚物改性沥青防水卷材17. 充盈系数用于检查（）质量事故。 A.断桩 B.吊脚桩 C.缩径桩 D.桩尖进水18. 当柱距大于4倍桩径时，（）。A.自中间向四周打 B.自两边向中央打 C.由一侧向另一侧打 D.自中间向两侧打19. .普通黏土砖墙的砌筑，应选用（）。 A.水泥砂浆 B.混合砂浆 C.粘土砂浆 D.石灰砂浆20. 沥青的延伸度是表示沥青的( )。 A.粘性 B塑性 C抗老化性 D温度稳定性二、多项选择题1. 以下关于砼施工缝留设的位置，正确的是（）。A、高度大于1m的梁不应与板同时浇筑砼 B、单向板可留在平行于短边的任何位置C、砼墙的施工缝不得留在纵横墙交接处 D、砼栏板的施工缝应与梯段的施工缝相对应2. 单层工业厂房吊装前的准备工作包括( )A.场地清理 B铺设道路 C敷设管线 D构件准备 E基础准备3. 连续多跨屋面卷材的铺设次序应为( )。 A.先高跨后低跨 B先低跨后高跨 C先远后近 D先近后远 E先天沟后屋脊 4. 预制桩按照沉桩方法不同分为（）。A.摩擦桩 B.端承桩 C.打入桩 D.静力压桩 E.振动桩 F.水力冲桩5. 套管成孔灌注桩施工时常发生的工程事故有（）。 A.断桩 B缩径桩 C.吊脚桩 D.桩尖破坏 E.孔壁坍塌6. 下列有关砌筑墙体留直槎的做法正确的是（）。A、必须在竖向每隔500配置6钢筋B、拉结筋两头须弯90钩C、拉结筋须伸出接槎一面500D、每根拉结筋下料时取1000长即可7. 下列有关屋面防水工程施工质量的叙述中正确的是（）。A、没有由于结构变形引起的裂缝B、预制屋面板灌缝砼中粗骨料大小不大于15C、屋面抹砂时在节点处要做好圆角 D、屋面找平层的允许偏差值不宜超过78. 分件吊装法与综合吊装法相比的主要优点是( )。 A.效率高 B停机点少 C开行路线短 D能充分发挥起重机性能 E施工组织简单9. 泥浆护壁成孔灌注桩施工时常发生的工程事故有（）。A.断桩 B.孔壁坍塌 C.孔底隔层或夹砂 D.斜孔 E.流砂10. 影响填压实质量的主要因素有（）。A、压实功 B、土的含水率 C、土的可松性 D、每层铺土厚度11.下列属于土方工程的施工特点是( )。 A 工程量大 B 受气候条件影响大 C 施工条件复杂D 受施工周围环境影响大 E 受施工人员素质影响大 12.影响土方边坡大小的因素主要有( )等。 A 挖方深度 B 土质条件 C 边坡上荷载情况 D 土方施工方法 E 排水情况 13.桩排式支护结构常用的构件主要有( )。 A 地下连续墙 B 型钢桩 C 钢板桩 D 钢筋混凝土预制桩 E 混凝土灌注桩 14.土层锚杆的施工工序主要是( )。 A 钻孔 B 插钢筋 C 灌浆 D 防腐处理 E 预应力张拉 15.土钉支护的施工工序主要是( )。 A 成孔 B 插钢筋 C 张拉预应力筋 D 注浆 E 喷射混凝土 16.流砂防治的主要措施有( )等。 A 地下连续墙 B 打钢板桩 C 井点降水 D 集水坑降水 E 抢挖法 17.井点降水的类型主要有( )等。 A 深井井点 B 轻型井点 C 喷射井点 D 管井井点 E 浅井井点 F 电渗井点 18.下列哪些土料不应用作回填土( )。 A.黏土 B 含水量大的黏土 C有机质含量大于8%的土 D砂土 E冻土19.桩锤按照动力源和动作方式分为（）。 A 落锤 B 动力锤 C 柴油锤 D 单动汽锤 E.双动汽锤20.桩架的主要作用（）。 .A.悬吊桩捶 B保护桩身 C引导方向 D吊桩就位 E固定桩位三、判断正误(每小题 2 分,.共 30 分。在括号内,正确的打“”，错误的打“X”) 1.土方工程按照土的力学性质来分类的( )。 2.砖墙砌筑应采用混合砂浆( )。 3.深层搅拌法主要用于加固软土地基。( ) 4.施工降水应在基础垫层施工完成后才能停止。( ) 5.流砂防治的途径必须是减小动水压力。( ) 6.流砂现象最容易发生在黏土中。( ) 7.井点降水时一般应连续抽水。( ) 8.换土回填时各类土应掺和使用。( ) 9.压实遍数与压实质量效果成正比。( ) 10.抓铲挖土机的挖土特点是“直上直下,自重切土”。 ( ) 11.钢筋混凝土预制桩的钢筋骨架宜采用对焊连接。( ) 12.钢筋混凝土预制桩应在混凝土强度等级达到 70%方可运输。( ) 13.打桩顺序应从中心向四周打。( )14.泥浆在泥浆护壁成孔灌注桩施工中的作用只是防止塌孔。( ) 15.泥浆在泥浆护壁成孔灌注桩施工中清孔工作应安排在钢筋笼下放前进行。( )16. 砖墙转角临时间断处，如留斜槎设置困难，也可以留直槎。 （ ）17. 平移轴线法用来检查屋架的轴线直线度。（ ）18. 屋架的正向扶直和反向扶直，在扶直过程中的主要区别是：起重机一个升臂、一个降臂操作。（ ）19. 预应力结构的砼，国家规范指出，砼强度不宜低于C30。（）20. 有抗震要求的梁、柱，不宜以强度等级较低的钢筋代换原设计中的钢筋。（ ）四、简答题(每小题 8 分.共 16 分) 1.土方工程的施工特点及主要施工内容。 2.为什么在雨季施工时,土方边坡要留的宽一点? 3.什么是施工缝？留置原则及处理方法是什么？4. 简述柱的最后固定方法。五、计算题(共 14 分) 1、跨度 18m的钢筋混凝土屋架,重 45KN,安装到标高+14.50m处的柱顶,顶面标高 +0.7m屋架的绑扎方法如图所示,试确定起重机的起重量和起重高度。3.0m2.0m2. 钢筋混凝土柱重60kN，柱长6m,安装到标高+60m的框架柱上，吊钩中心踞柱顶2m，采用W1-100型履带式起重机，停机面标高-050m，确定起重机的起重量和起重高度?3.已知混凝土的实验室配合比为水泥：砂：石子：水1：2.10：3.23：0.44。现场测定砂的含水率为3%，石子的含水率为1%，试计算施工配合比。若每m3混凝土的水泥用量为280kg，搅拌机出料容量为400，试求搅拌机的一次投料量。建筑施工技术方案设计复习题答案 一、单项选择题 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.D 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. c 18. C 19. A 20. B二、多项选择题（本题有一个以上答案，多选或错选均不得分。） 1. ABD 2. ABDE 3. ACE 4. DE 5. ABCD 6. ABC 7. ABC 8. ABDE9. BCDE 10. ABD 11.ABCD 12.ABCDE 13.CDE 14.ACDE 15.ABDE 16.ABCE 17.ABCDF 18.BCE 19.ACDE 20.ACD 三、判断正误（每小题 2 分，共 30 分。在括号内，正确的打“”，错误的打“X”)1.X 2. 3. 4.X 5.X 6.X 7.X 8.X 9.X 10. 11. 12.X 13.X 14.X 15.X 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. X四、简答题 1、答题要点：工程量大、施工条件复杂。露天作业，受地区、气候、水文地质等条件影响大等。 2、答题要点：（1）.雨季进行土方边坡施工时，应增加边坡的宽度。（2）因为雨季施工时，土的含水量增大，抗剪强度降低，容易引起边坡塌方。3.答：由于施工技术或组织原因，导致混凝土浇筑不能连续进行，先浇混凝土已经凝结硬化、再继续浇筑混凝土时形成的新旧混凝土之间的结合面称为施工缝。留设原则：结构受剪力较小、施工方便；处理方法：（已浇混凝土强度达1.2N/mm2后，）剔除表面松动、薄弱层水湿润、冲洗铺一层水泥浆或水泥砂浆继续浇筑。4.答：柱子采用浇灌细豆石混凝土的方法最后固定，为防止柱子在校正后被大风或木楔变形使柱子产生新偏差，灌缝工作应在校正后立即进行，灌缝时，应将柱底杂物清理干净，并要洒水湿润。在灌混凝土和振捣时不得碰撞柱子或楔子。灌混凝土之前，应先灌一层稀砂浆使其填满空隙，然后灌细豆石混凝土，但要分两次进行，第一次灌至楔子底，待混凝土强度达到25%后，拔去楔子，再灌满混凝土。第一次灌筑后，柱可能会出现新的偏差，其原因可能是振捣混凝土时碰动了楔块，或者两面相对的木楔因受潮程度不同，膨胀变形不一产生的，故在第二次灌筑前，必须对柱的垂直度进行复查，如超过允许偏差，应予调整。五、计算题1、解：起重量 Q = 45 + 2.0 = 47kN起重高度 H = (14.50 - 0.7) + 3 + 2 + 0.3 = 19.1m 2 、解:Q=Q1+q=60+5=65KNH=h1+h2+h3+h4=(6.0+0.50)+0.2+6.0+2.0=14.7m3、 施工配合比：1：2.10(1+3%)：3.23(1+1%)=1：2.16：3.26一次投料量：水泥：2800.4=112kg，取100kg砂： 1002.16=216kg石子：1003.26=326kg水：（0.442.103%3.231%）100=34.47kg请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money. What made her think so was quite beyond me. Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style. The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time. Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man. And there is another reason why We love going to the market. That is because we sometimes will get some surprises. The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers. Because these fish are swellfish. Then we will collect them and set them free into the river. Swellfish are lovely creature. When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand. And if they are scared, they will swell and look like a little ball. Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life. Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish. Well, that is fine with us. We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about. My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do. I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend.
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