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UNIT 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions.Woman 1: Oh did he? I dont (1) believe it!Woman 2: And so I said.Waiter: Yes, what (2) would you like?Woman 2: Oh, I dont know. Just let me (3) have a look at the menu. Let me see.Woman 1: Erm. Ill have a cheeseburger, chips (4) and a large coke.Woman 2: Ugh! I hate cheese. (5) Ill just have a beefburger and chips.Waiter: Anything else?Woman 2: (6) Have you got any orange juice?Waiter: Large (7) or small?Woman 2: Small, please. So anyway, (8) and then I said.Part 2 Listening and Note-Taking1. Prices on a Tokyo stock market rose more than 5%. The Nikkei closed at 17,686 points.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up a modest 14 points to 10,699 - a fractional gain for the blue-chips. The Standard and Poors 500 index closed 10 points higher - less than 1%. 3. The technology-weighted Nasdaq composite gained about 40 points -over 1%.4. The US economy may be slowing, but the latest data shows it is still vibrant. US consumer confidence bounced back this month. And sales of existing homes in June rose a surprising 2.8% - a stronger-than-expected jump.New Words: 1. Fractional=very small in size or degree2. blue-chip: According to the New York Stock Exchange, a blue chip is stock in a corporation with a national reputation for quality, reliability, and the ability to operate profitably in good times and bad.The most popular index that follows U.S. blue chips is the Dow Jones Industrial Average. 蓝筹股（稳而值钱的股票）3. The Dow Jones Industrial Average道琼斯工业平均指数 is a price-weighted average of 30 blue-chip stocks that are generally the leaders in their industry. All companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average are blue-chips, but the Dow Jones Industrial Average is an index that does not include all companies that are blue chips. Nevertheless, it has been a widely followed indicator of the stock market since October 1, 1928. Often these stocks pay dividends（红利，股息）.4. The Standard & Poors 500 Index (S&P 500) is an index of 500 stocks seen as a leading indicator of U.S. equities and a reflection of the performance of the large cap universe, made up of companies selected by economists. The S&P 500 is a market value weighted index and one of the common benchmarks for the U.S. stock market; other S&P indexes include small cap companies with market capitalization between $300 million and $2 billion, and an index of mid cap companies. Investment products based on the S&P 500 include index funds and exchange-traded funds are available to investors.标准普尔指数Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 With Casual ClothesWoman: Hey Dan, where are you going?Dan: Im going to work.Woman: To work? Look at you. Youre not wearing a suit. Youre wearing well, just regular clothes.Dan: We dont have to wear suits on Fridays anymore. There are new rules at work. We can wear whatever we want. Woman: Thats great!Dan: Yeah. And believe it or not, casual clothes are good for the environment. Woman: Good for environment? Stopping pollution?Dan: Yeah. Casual clothes actually stop pollution.Woman: How?Dan: Well, people dont dry-clean casual clothes. You have to dry-clean suits. Dry cleaning uses chemicals. Some chemicals are bad for the environment.Woman: Fewer chemicals. I never thought of that. Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions:1. What day is it today?It is Friday.2. What is the change in the rules at work?People dont have to wear suits on Fridays anymore. They can wear whatever they want.3. Why is it that casual clothes are good for the environment?1) Because people dont dry-clean casual clothes. You have to dry-clean suits. Dry cleaning uses chemicals. Some chemicals are bad for the environment.2) My personal opinion: Dry-cleaning uses lots of electricity, a waste of energy. 4. Where does the man probably work?He probably works in an office because he usually wears a suit to work.-s: 1990s, 90s, in ones twenties/20s, -s: Toms family, doctors, tailors, 74s One medium, one rare: beef steakDialogue 2 Two 74s, PleaseAt MacArthurs, a hamburger restaurant in Putney, near Wandsworth.Dave: I still dont understand why you had to see your grandmother on Saturday evening.Carol: Well, it was a sort of family thing. Everyone was there. Id completely forgotten about the concert. Anyway, my mum would have been upset if I hadnt gone.Dave: She wouldnt have been, surely? She would have understood. You could have told her you had tickets.Carol: I said I forgot.Waitress: Are you ready to order now?Dave: Yes. Two 74s, please - one medium and one rare Oh-and two salads.Waitress: And to drink?Carol: Coffee for me.Dave: Two coffees, please.Carol: And you havent phoned me at all during the week. Youre too busy with your cycle club. If youd phoned me on Friday night, I wouldnt have forgotten.Dave: But you know I go training every Friday night.Carol: Im sorry but its just that.Dave: What?Carol: Well. I wish you wouldnt take me for granted so much.Dave: I dont! Anyway, you wanted to go to the concert. You bought the tickets months ago. Anyway, we always go out on Saturdays.Carol: Thats just it.Dave: Thats just what?Waitress: Did you want dressing with your salad?Dave: What? Oh, no. thanks.Waitress: OK. No dressing.Carol: Oh. I dont know. Its just.Dave: Its just what?Waitress: Two 74s. Whose is the rare?Dave: Mine.Carol: Oh, sometimes I wish Id never started going out with you. You act as if you own me. If only you were a bit more .Waitress: Is everything all right?Dave: Fine, everythings fine.Exercise A: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. They were supposed to go to the theatre on Saturday evening. (concert)F 2. The girl didnt go to meet the boy because she had to see her grandmother. (. because she had forgotten.)T 3. The boy was a member of a cycle club. F 4. The boy phoned tile gift on Friday night. (The boy didnt phone the girl on Friday night, because he goes training every Friday night.)T 5. The boy thought the girl would remember everything. (Carol: Well I wish you wouldnt take me for granted so much.)Exercise B: Listen to the dialogue again and answer the questions.1. What does “Two 74s” mean?74 probably is the number of the dish on the menu, presumably beef, because the man said “one medium and the other rare”2. What else did they order?They ordered salad and coffee.Part 2 Passagegrind (ground, ground)研磨；resulting；evaporate（使）蒸发，（使）脱水；liquor酒；液体；cylindrical；cylinder；drier; jar; granulated; granulate; granule=grain颗/微粒; block=a large rectangular pieceroasted and ground coffeeSugar, salt and a variety of chemicalstemperature and pressureevaporates,very strong coffee liquor.250, vacuum , freeze-dryingInstant coffee powder, instant coffee granuleInstant CoffeeWhen coffee arrives at an instant coffee factory, it has already been roasted and ground. In the factory, water is slowly passed through the coffee. The resulting* liquid is then repeatedly pumped through tubes at a very high temperature and pressure. The liquid is boiled and sugar, salt and a variety of chemicals are carefully added. This makes some of water evaporate*, leaving very strong coffee liquor*.To make instant coffee powder, the coffee liquor is poured through large cylindrical* driers at a temperature of 250. The heat evaporates the liquid, leaving instant coffee powder, which is collected and put into jars.Granulated* coffee is made by freeze-drying, The process is a secret one and is passed from one family of manufacturers to the next. The coffee liquor is rapidly frozen into blocks. After these have been broken up into very small pieces, they are dried in a vacuum. This removes the water without heat, leaving instant coffee granules*.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1The leaders of North and South Korea met this week. It was the first such meeting in 7 years, and only the second since Korea was divided in 1953.South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun and North Koreas Kim Jong ended three days of talks in Pyongyang on Thursday. They signed a joint declaration to support peace and economic growth on the Korea Peninsula. It says the South and the North will closely cooperate to end military hostilities and ease tensions. The two Koreas have been increasingly cooperative, but technically they are still at war. Earlier this week, North Korea agreed to disable its main nuclear centers and document all of its programs by the end of the year. The agreement came in the six-party talks with China, South Korea, Japan, Russia and the United States. A: This news item is about the meeting between the leaders of North and South Korea.B:1. The leaders of North and South Korea met this week. Yes, because it was the first such meeting in 7 years, and only the second since Korea was divided in 1953. (1st paragraph)2. They signed a joint declaration to support peace and economic growth on the Korea Peninsula. (2nd paragraph)3. The South and the North will closely cooperate to end military hostilities and ease tensions. (3rd paragraph)News Item 2Reports say a civilian was at one of the controls of the nuclear submarine that hit a Japanese fishing boat last week. The Navy said there is no evidence that the civilian was directly involved in the accident. Nine Japanese students and crew members from the fishing boat are still missing. Twenty-six other people survived the accident. The Navy has sent a deep-sea vehicle to the sunken wreckage. It also will decide if the boat can be raised. On Tuesday, President Bush told Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori that he greatly regretted sinking the boat. The president spoke to Mr. Mori by telephone. AThis news item is about an accident in which a US nuclear submarine hit a Japanese fishing boat last week.BAccident: a US nuclear submarine hit a Japanese fishing boat last weekResult: The boat sank after being hit.Casualties:Nine Japanese students and crew members are still missing.Number of survivors: 26Actions of the US: 1. The Navy has sent a deep-sea vehicle to the sunken wreckage. 2. It also will decide if the boat can be raised.Action of President Bush: On Tuesday, he told Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori that he greatly regretted sinking the boat by telephone.News Item 3South Koreas government has issued a stern warning in reaction to Saturday night protests that left more than 100 people injured. Officials say police will take every necessary measure to track down violent protesters, and will consider resuming the use of tear gas for the first time in nearly a decade. Saturdays day-long protest escalated into clashes between police and demonstrators by nightfall. Police say the demonstrators vandalized buses authorities and set up as barricades. Authorities say some of the protesters attacked by throwing stones, swinging steel pipes, and even shooting acid from squirt guns at police. More than 50 protesters were taken into custody. AThis news item is about South Koreas governments stern warning in reaction to Saturday night protests. Section 3 Oral WorkPart 1 Questions and AnswersMan: Hello. Could I speak to Miss Appleby, please? This is John Blofeld.Woman: One moment, please. Im afraid shes out at the moment. Shes visiting a factory.Man: I see. Will she be back in her office at 10.30?Woman: Let me see, Uhm. Well, she might be late because of the traffic.Man: All right. Shes a difficult person to get hold of, isnt she? What about lunch time? Is she free then?Woman: Yes, Im awfully sorry. Just one moment. Ill check. No, shes having flinch with a designer.Man: Oh, dear. What time will she be back?Woman: Erm . At two oclock. Shes seeing a customer here in her office.Man: Ah. So what time can I phone back?Woman: Any time after 2.30.Man: Are you sure?Woman: Definitely. She will be in her office for the rest of the afternoon.Man: OK. Ill phone back then. Thank you.Woman: Thats all right. Goodbye.Questions: 1. Was Miss Appleby in? (No, she was out.)2. Where was she? (She was at a factory.)3. Would she be back at 10:30? (No. she would be back later than that.)4. Why would she be back late? (The traffic was busy.)5. Would she be free at lunch time? (No, she would be having lunch with a designer.)6. What would she do at two oclock? (She would see a customer in her office.)7, She was a person who was hard to get hold of, wasnt she? (Yes. she was a difficult person to get hold of.)8. When could John Blofeld phone back? (He could phone back anytime after 2.30.)Part 2 RetellingJimmy left home when he was fifteen and went to London He did lots of different jobs and always got tip very early, at about 6.30. He went to work on a bicycle and always crossed a vet? busy main road to work. One Monday morning he had an accident. He crossed the road carelessly and a car hit him. He fell off his bike and hit his head on the pavement. He was sent to hospital in an ambulance. When he was in hospital he did a lot of thinking about this life and his work. When he left hospital, he went straight to a second-hand shop and got all old electric guitar for 25 pounds. He forgot about his job in the factory? and never went back to it again. He lost his job but he found another work and a better way of life. He often thinks, “Im glad I had that accident.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once.Section Four Supplementary exercisePart 1 Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 Tinned Tomato SoupTinned tomato soup is horrible. Why not make your own? Its dead easy, and it tastes delicious.You need some onions*, some tomatoes, butter or margarine*, salt, pepper*, some wine, and any herbs* that you feel like putting in.The first thing to do is to pour yourself a glass of wine. Then chop* the onions up small, wash the tomatoes carefully - you dont know what sort of chemicals theyve had on them, do you? - and cut them into quarters. Then you - Im sorry, I didnt say how many tomatoes, did I? My book says 700 grams for four to six people, but I dont find thats enough, because the soups so good that everybody asks for more. So I usually make twice as much. If they dont eat it all you can always freeze it. I use about one and a half kilos of tomatoes, and two or three big onions, or five or six small ones. You must have enough onions - thats what makes the soup taste good, OK, so you chop the onions and cut the tomatoes into quarters. When youve done that, you put some butter in a big saucepan - or you can use margarine or oil instead, if you prefer put it on a low heat and fry* the onions and garlic gently for three or four minutes. Yeah, sorry, 1 should have said - you need two cloves* of garlic, chopped up small or crushed*. You might like to throw in a piece of bacon rind* as well. Keep stirring* everything gently while its frying. After three or four minutes, put the tomatoes into tile saucepan, and pour in some water about a quarter of a litre. A bit more if the tomatoes arent very juicy. Add plenty of salt and pepper, and herbs if you want to. Stir everything thoroughly, put the lid on the saucepan, and bring it to the boil* Then leave it to cook slowly over a low heat for an hour or so. Pour yourself another glass of wine. When its ready - you can tell if its ready, because everythings soft and it smells terrific -when its ready, take it off the cooker and strain* it carefully through a sieve*. Actually, its best if youve got one of those little machines where you turn a handle and it pushes everything through a round metal plate with little holes in - you know what I mean? Put the soup back into the saucepan and see whether it needs any more salt. Then bring it to the boil again. Cook it gently for two or three minutes; keep stirring it. When you serve it, you can mix in some milk if you like, but I dont bother- I think its nice as it is. Youre supposed to make croutons* as well - you know, little squares of toast or fried bread- but I dont bother about that either. Its too much trouble. Do try it. Youll thank me.Exorcise A: 1-4: B D A C 5-8: D D A BExercise B: Listen to the passage again and complete the following outline.1. Preparation A. ingredients a. onions b. tomatoes, about 700 grams for four to six people c. butter or margarine d. herbs (optional) e. two cloves of garlic B. Preparation a. chop the onions b. wash and cut the tomatoes into quarters c. chop or crush the garlicII. Cooking A. Put some butter or margarine or oil in a big saucepan. B. Put it on a low heat. C. Fry the onions and garlic gently for three or four minutes. Keep stirring everything gently while its frying. D. Put the tomatoes into the saucepan, and pour in some water- about a quarter of a litre. Add plenty of salt and pepper, and herbs if you want to. E. Stir everything thoroughly, put the lid on the saucepan, and bring it to the boil. F. Leave it to cook slowly over a low heat for an hour or so. G. When its ready, take it off the cooker and strain it carefully through a sieve. H. Put the soup back into the saucepan and add more salt if necessary. I. Then bring it to the boil again. Cook it gently for two or three minutes: keep stirring it. J. Serve it, you can mix in some milk if you like.Passage 2 WHO Medical Training CenterThe World Health Organization has opened a new medical training center to help developing countries identify and control diseases. The center opened last month in Lyons*, France. It will help poor countries set up laboratories to quickly identify and control infectious diseases. The WHO already operates an international system that watches for major health threats that could develop into world problems. The WHO executive director for communicable diseases is David Heymann. Doctor Heymann says the new medical center in France will help strengthen public health laboratories and services in developing countries. Doctor Heymann says there is a great need for this. In Africa, for example, he says only one laboratory can identify tile Ebola* or Marburg* viruses that cause serious diseases. It is the WHO laboratory in South Africa. Bacteria or other substances that are collected in any country in Africa are sent to the laboratory in South Africa. Or they are sent to laboratories in Europe, North America or Asia. Doctor Heymann says Ebola is an example of a very complex disease that is hard to identify. But many countries, he says, do not even have the ability to identify more commonly known diseases, such as cholera* or yellow fever*. The World Health Organization estimates that diseases spread to other people kill more than 13,000,000 people around the world each year. Most of the victims are poor people in developing countries. To help solve this problem, the WHO hopes to train people from 45 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, The first training class begins in April in Lyons. Laboratory experts from eight countries in West Africa and Central Africa will take part. The programme will offer the medical experts
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