大型工程软件(en).ppt

机械系统动力学分析软件,ADAMSBasicTraining,automaticdynamicsanalysisofmechanicalsystem,ADAMS/CAR模块界面,Chapter7、ADAMS/Car基本使用方法,CAR,SD(SuspensionDesign),EDM(EmpiricalDynamicsModels),CSM,3DRoad,Durability,Driver,Driveline,Solver,EnginepoweredbyFEV,MACHANISM/Pro,Controls,Exchange,ADAMS/CAR软件相关模块,悬架设计软件包SD,SuspensionDesign中包括以特征参数（前束、定位参数、速度）表示的悬架模型。通过这些特征参数，设计师可以快速确定在任意载荷和轮胎下的轮心位置和方向，在此基础上，快速建立包括橡胶衬套在内的柔体悬,架模型。它采用的是全参数的面板建摸方式。借助悬架模块，设计师可以提出原始的悬架设计方案。在此基础上，通过调整悬架参数就可以快速确定满足理想悬架特性的悬架方案。,SuspensionDesign可以进行的试验包括：单轮激振试验、双轮同向激振试验、双轮反向激振试验、转向试验和静载试验等。输出的参数包括39种标准悬架特性参数。,概念化悬架模块CSM,CSM是一个选装模块，可以是ADAMS/CAR的一部分，也可以单独使用。利用CSM，通过预先定义悬架运动时或受外力作用时车桥的轨迹，可以在ADAMS/CAR中实现悬架的运动分析。利用CSM，不需要建立详细的多体悬架模型，就可以研究系统级的车辆动力学性能。由于特征文件.SCF中不包含任何相关的几何信息，所以CSM模型不但可以与他人共享悬架特征文件，而且不必担心泄密。,另外，使用CSM可以在同一个车辆装配中把概念悬架与多体悬架相结合使用。也可以通过表格数据（二维或三维的样条函数）或三元多项式系数定义悬架特征曲线。从ADAMS/CAR多体悬架分析中可自动产生悬架特性.SCF文件。用户可以如同悬架设计模块一样进行整车的仿真分析。,SD与CSM的区别：SD需要建立详细的多体悬架模型，或者是借助已有的多体悬架模型进行改进。CSM不需要建立详细的多体悬架模型，只注重悬架布局的最终结果。,ADAMS/CAR的优点相对传统的汽车设计开发，使用ADAMS及其CAR模块，可以在如下方面收到明显效果：分析时间由数月减少为数日降低工程制造和测试费用在产品制造出之前，就可以发现并更正设计错误，完善设计方案在产品开发过程中，减少所需的物理样机数量当进行物理样机测试有危险、费时和成本高时，可利用虚拟样机进行分析和仿真缩短产品的开发周期,福特汽车公司在一个新车型的开发过程中采用此项技术，设计周期缩短了70天。全公司范围内，由于采用了这项技术，设计费用减少了4000万美元，制造费用节省了10亿美元。由于设计制造周期的缩短，新车上市早，额外赢利达到其成本的数倍。,ADAMS/CAR基本使用方法,启动CAR模块双击CAR模块图标，屏幕出现ADAMS/CAR窗口，并弹出欢迎对话框。此时需选择模式：StandardInterfaceTemplateBuilder选择其中一个，进入CAR模块的一个模式。若需要切换模式，可以直接按F9或者Tools下拉菜单的第一个选项。在专家模式中使用ADAMS/Car，工程师可以根据本公司的工程经验建立用户自定义模板，以帮助新来的工程师应用该模板进行各种工况标准的整车性能仿真试验。,ProcessofSimulation,Build,Test,Simulate&Review,PostProcessor,研究车辆系统动力学，建立车辆仿真模型，归纳起来有以下几个典型步骤：机械系统的物理抽象；获取模型的运动学（几何定位）参数，建立抽象系统的运动部件、约束，从而建立运动学模型。校验模型的自由度及正确性。获得模型的动力学参数，定义模型中部件、铰链与弹性元件及外界条件，如道路模型、铁道轮轨模型、空气阻力等的特性，建立动力学模型，对动力学模型进行调整与仿真计算。对仿真计算结果进行后处理。,悬架的建立与仿真分析CreatingandSimulatingSuspensions,双横臂前悬架的建立步骤Creatingdouble-wishbonesuspension,1)StartADAMS/CarinStartingADAMS/CarStandardInterface.2)FromtheFilemenu,pointtoNew,andthenselectSubsystem.,CreatingaNewFrontSuspensionSubsystem创建前悬架子系统,3)IntheSubsystemNametextbox,enterUAN_FRT_SUSP.4)SetMinorRoletofront.Aminorroledefinesthesubsystemsfunctionanditsplacementintheassembly(forexample,frontorrear).5)Right-clicktheTemplateNametextbox,pointtoSearch,andthenselecttheacar_shareddatabase.6)Double-click_double_wishbone.tpl.TheTemplateNametextboxnowcontainsthefile_double_wishbone.tplandanaliastoitsdirectorypath.7)VerifythatTranslatefromdefaultpositionisnotselected.,8)SelecttheCommenttool,9)IntheCommentTexttextbox,enterBaselineUANFrontSuspension.,10)SelectOK.11)SelectOKagain.,CreatingaSuspensionandSteeringAssembly创建悬架与转向系装配系统,1)FromtheFilemenu,pointtoNew,andthenselectSuspensionAssembly.,2)IntheAssemblyNametextbox,entermy_assembly.3)ClickthefoldericonnexttoSuspensionSubsystem.4)SelectSteeringSubsystem.,5)Right-clicktheSteeringSubsystemtextbox,pointtoSearch,andthenselecttheacar_shareddatabase.6)Double-clickMDI_FRONT_STEERING.sub.7)SelectOK.,TypesofSuspensionAnalyses,扭转垂直受力分析,双轮同向激振试验,双轮反向激振试验,单轮激振试验,转向试验,静载试验,PerformingaBaselineParallelWheelTravelAnalysis双轮同向激振试验,DefiningVehicleParameters定义汽车参数,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoSuspensionAnalysis,andthenselectSetSuspensionParameters.,2)Setuptheanalysisasfollows,3)SelectOK,PerformingtheAnalysis执行分析,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoSuspensionAnalysis,andthenselectParallelWheelTravel.,Chapter8、TemplateBuilding模板建模器,一、StartingADAMS/CarTemplateBuilder,Tochecktheusermode:1)Inatexteditor,suchasjotornotepad,open.acar.cfg.2)Verifythatthefollowinglineappearsasshown:ENVIRONMENTMDI_ACAR_USERMODEexpertThislinesetstheusermodefortheADAMS/Carsession.TostartADAMS/CarTemplateBuilder:1)StartADAMS/CarStandardInterface,justasyoudidinStartingADAMS/CarStandardInterface.2)FromtheToolsmenu,selectADAMS/CarTemplateBuilder.,二、CreatingTopologyforYourTemplate,CreatingaTemplate,1)StartADAMS/CarTemplateBuilderasexplainedinStartingADAMS/CarTemplateBuilder.2)FromtheFilemenu,selectNew.TheNewTemplatedialogboxappears.3)IntheTemplateNametextbox,entermacpherson.4)VerifythatMajorRoleissettosuspension.5)SelectOK.6)Fromthemainshortcutmenu,selectFrontIsoandFit-All.,Figure8.2MainWindowwithGravityIconDisplayed,BuildingSuspensionParts,1.CreatingtheControlArm,Tobuildthehardpoints:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoHardpoint,andthenselectNew.,2)IntheHardpointNametextbox,enterarm_outer.3)VerifythatTypeissettoleft.4)IntheLocationtextbox,enter0,-700,0.5)SelectApply.,6)RepeatSteps2through5tobuildthetwohardpointsspecifiedinTable8.1.,7)Whenyouredonecreatingthehardpoints,closethedialogbox.8)Toseeallsixhardpointsinthemainwindow,seefigure8.3,fityourmodeltoview.,Tocreatethecontrolarmpart:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoParts,pointtoGeneralPart,andthenselectNew.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.,Tocreatethecontrolarmgeometry:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoGeometry,pointtoArm,andthenselectNew.2)Createthecontrolarmasfollows:ArmName:control_armGeneralPart:._macpherson.gel_control_armCoordinateReference#1:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_outerCoordinateReference#2:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_frontCoordinateReference#3:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_rearThickness:103)SelectCalculateMassPropertiesofGeneralPart.4)SetDensitytoMaterial.5)SelectOK.,2CreatingtheWheelCarrier,Tocreatethehardpoints:,Tocreatethewheelcarrierpart:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoParts,pointtoGeneralPart,andthenselectWizard.2)Createthewheelcarrierpartasfollows:GeneralPartName:wheel_carrierGeometryType:ArmCoordinateReference#1:._macpherson.ground.hpl_wheel_centerCoordinateReference#2:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_outerCoordinateReference#3:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_lowerThickness:103)SelectOK.,Toaddthewheelcarrierlinkgeometry:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoGeometry,pointtoLink,andthenselectNew.2)Createthewheelcarrierpartasfollows:LinkName:carrier_linkGeneralPart:._macpherson.gel_wheel_carrierCoordinateReference#1:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_lowerCoordinateReference#2:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_outerRadius:103)SelectCalculateMassPropertiesofGeneralPart.4)SelectOK.,3CreatingtheStrut,Todefinethestrutpart:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoParts,pointtoGeneralPart,andthenselectNew.2)Definethestrutpartasfollows:GeneralPart:strutLocationvalues:0,-600,600EulerAngles:0,0,0Mass/Ixx/Iyy/Izz:13)SelectOK.,4CreatingtheDamper,Tocreateahardpoint:,1)Createahardpointasfollows:HardpointName:strut_upperLocation:0,-600,6002)SelectOK.,Tocreatethedamper:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoForces,pointtoDamper,andthenselectNew.2)Createthedamperasfollows:DamperName:damperIPart:._macpherson.gel_wheel_carrierJPart:._macpherson.gel_strutICoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_lowerJCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_upper3)SelectOK.,5DefiningtheSpring,Tocreateahardpointforthespring:,1)Createahardpointasfollows:HardpointName:spring_lowerLocation:0,-650,3002)SelectOK.,Tocreatethespring:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoForces,pointtoSpring,andthenselectNew.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.,6CreatingtheTieRod,Tocreateahardpoint:,1)Createahardpointwiththefollowingspecifications:HardpointName:tierod_innerLocation:200,-350,2502)SelectOK.,Tocreatethetierodpart:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoParts,pointtoGeneralPart,andthenselectWizard.2)Createthetierodpartasfollows:GeneralPartName:tierodGeometryType:LinkCoordinateReference#1:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_outerCoordinateReference#2:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_innerRadius:103)SelectOK.,7CreatingtheToeandCamberVariables,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoSuspensionParameters,pointtoToe/CamberValues,andthenselectSet.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.,8CreatingtheHub,Tocreateaconstructionframe:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoConstructionFrame,andthenselectNew.2)Createaconstructionframeasfollows:ConstructionFrame:hub_bearingCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_wheel_centerOrientationDependency:Toe/CamberToeParameterVariable:._macpherson.pvl_toe_angleCamberParameterVariable:._macpherson.pvl_camber_angle3)SelectOK.,Tocreatethehubpart:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoParts,pointtoGeneralPart,andthenselectNew.2)Createthehubpartasfollows:GeneralPart:hubLocationDependency:DeltalocationfromcoordinateCoordinateReference:cfl_hub_bearingLocationvalues:0,0,0OrientationDependency:DeltaorientationfromcoordinateConstructionFrame:cfl_hub_bearingOrientation:0,0,0Mass/Ixx/Iyy/Izz:13)SelectOK.,Tocreatecylindergeometryforthehub:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoGeometry,pointtoCylinder,andthenselectNew.2)Createthecylindergeometryasfollows:CylinderName:hubGeneralPart:._macpherson.gel_hubConstructionFrame:._macpherson.ground.cfl_hub_bearingRadius:30LengthinPositiveZ:30LengthinNegativeZ:0Color:magenta3)SelectCalculateMassPropertiesofGeneralPart.4)SelectOK.,9CreatingandDefiningAttachmentsandParameters,DefiningtheTranslationalJoint,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoAttachments,pointtoJoint,andthenselectNew.2)Createthetranslationaljointasfollows:JointName:strut_jointIPart:._macpherson.gel_wheel_carrierJPart:._macpherson.gel_strutJointType:translationalCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_upperOrientationDependency:OrientaxisalonglineCoordinateReference#1:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_lowerCoordinateReference#2:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_upper3)SelectOK.,DefiningControlArmAttachments,Tocreatethemountparts:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoParts,pointtoMount,andthenselectNew.2)IntheMountNametextbox,entersubframe_to_body.3)IntheCoordinateReferencetextbox,enter._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_front.4)VerifythatFromMinorRoleissettoinherit.5)SelectOK.,Tocreatethefrontbushingforthecontrolarm:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoAttachments,pointtoBushing,andthenselectNew.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshowninfigure8.4,andthenselectApply.,Tocreatethecontrolarmrevolutejoint:,1)Createthecontrolarmrevolutejointasfollows:JointName:arm_frontIPart:._macpherson.gel_control_armPart:._macpherson.mtl_subframe_to_bodyJointType:revoluteActive:kinematicmodeCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_frontOrientationDependency:OrientaxisalonglineCoordinateReference#1:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_frontCoordinateReference#2:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_rear2)SelectApply.,Tocreatethecontrolarmsphericaljoint:,1)Createthecontrolarmsphericaljointasfollows:JointName:arm_outerIPart:._macpherson.gel_wheel_carrierJPart:._macpherson.gel_control_armJointType:sphericalActive:alwaysCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_arm_outer2)SelectOK.,DefiningtheStrutAttachment,Todefineamountpart:,1)Createamountpartasfollows:MountName:strut_to_bodyCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_upperFromMinorRole:inherit2)SelectOK.,Tocreateabushingforthestrut:,Tocreateasphericaljointforthestrut:,1)Createthesphericaljointasfollows:JointName:strut_upperIPart:._macpherson.gel_strutJPart:._macpherson.mtl_strut_to_bodyJointType:sphericalActive:kinematicmodeCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_strut_upper2)SelectApply.,DefiningWheelCarrierAttachments,Tocreateasphericaljoint:,1)Createthesphericaljointasfollows:JointName:tierod_outerIPart:._macpherson.gel_wheel_carrierJPart:._macpherson.gel_tierodJointType:sphericalActive:alwaysCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_outer2)SelectOK.,Tocreateamountpartforthehookejoint:,1)Createamountpartasfollows:MountName:tierod_to_steeringCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_innerFromMinorRole:inherit2)SelectOK.,1)Createahookejointasfollows:JointName:tierod_innerIPart:._macpherson.gel_tierodJPart:._macpherson.mtl_tierod_to_steeringJointType:hookeActive:alwaysCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_innerI-PartAxis:._macpherson.ground.hpl_tierod_outerJ-PartAxis:._macpherson.ground.hpr_tierod_inner2)SelectApply.,Tocreateahookejoint:,DefiningHubAttachments,Todefinethehubattachment:,1)Createarevolutejointasfollows:JointName:hub_bearingPart:._macpherson.gel_wheel_carrierJPart:._macpherson.gel_hubJointType:revoluteActive:alwaysCoordinateReference:._macpherson.ground.hpl_wheel_centerOrientationDependency:DeltaorientationfromcoordinateConstructionFrame:._macpherson.ground.cfl_hub_bearing2)SelectOK.,DefiningSuspensionParameters,Tocreateasteeraxis:,1)FromtheBuildmenu,pointtoSuspensionParameters,pointtoCharacteristicArray,andthenselectSet.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.,三、CreatingaSuspensionSubsystem,1)FromtheFilemenu,pointtoNew,andthenselectSubsystem.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.,Chapter9CreatingandSimulatingFullVehicles,AFull-VehicleAssembly,1、Toopenanassembly:,1)FromtheFilemenu,pointtoOpen,andthenselectAssembly.2)Right-clicktheAssemblyNametextbox,pointtoSearch,andthenselecttheacar_shareddatabase.3)Double-clickMDI_Demo_Vehicle.asy.4)SelectOK.5)WhenADAMS/Carisdoneloadingtheassembly,selectClose.,2、TocreatetheFull-Vehicleassembly:,1)FromtheFilemenu,pointtoNew,andthenselectFull-VehicleAssembly.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.,汽车操纵稳定性试验方法,稳态回转试验Steadystaticcirculartestprocedure,转向回正性能试验Returnabilitytest,转向轻便性试验Steeringeffortstestprocedure,转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角阶跃输入)Steeringtransientresponsetest(Steeringwheelanglestepinput),转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角脉冲输入)Steeringtransientresponsetest(SteeringwheelangleImpulseinput),Controllabilityandstabilitytestprocedureforautomobiles,汽车平顺性试验方法Automobileridecomfort,蛇行试验Pyloncourseslalomtest,随机输入行驶试验Methodofrandominputrunningtest,脉冲输入行驶试验MethodofImpulseinputrunningtest,LognitudinalLateralPitchRoolYaw,纵向侧向俯仰滚转横摆,偏航,开环转向特性分析,转向盘转角阶跃,转向盘转角脉冲,单移线,转向回正性能,Yawangularvelocity,PerformingaSingleLane-ChangeAnalysis,SettingUptheAnalysis单移线,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoFull-VehicleAnalysis,pointtoOpen-LoopSteeringEvents,andthenselectSingleLaneChange.2)Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext,andthenselectOK.3)Whentheanalysisiscomplete,selectClose.,Figure9.1PlotofLateralAccelerationversusTime,PerformingaStepSteerAnalysis转向盘转角阶跃,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoFull-VehicleAnalysis,pointtoOpen-LoopSteeringEvents,andthenselectStepSteer.2),PerformingaImpulseSteerAnalysis转向盘转角脉冲,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoFull-VehicleAnalysis,pointtoOpen-LoopSteeringEvents,andthenselectImpulseSteer.2),PerformingaCorneringW/SteerReleaseAnalysis转向回正试验,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoFull-VehicleAnalysis,pointtoCorneringEvents,andthenselectCorneringW/SteerRelease.2)SelectOK.,PerformingaDriftAnalysis漂移试验,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoFull-VehicleAnalysis,pointtoOpen-LoopSteeringEvents,andthenselectDrift.2)SelectOK.,PerformingaBaselineISOLane-ChangeAnalysis,1)FromtheSimulatemenu,pointtoFull-VehicleAnalysis,pointtoCourseEvents,andthenselectISOLaneChange.2)Setuptheanalysiswiththefollowingcharacteristics:OutputPrefix:iso1InitialVelocity:100GearPosition:33)SelectOK.,设置驾驶员控制文档和驾驶员控制数据文档,驾驶员控制数据文件(DriverControlDataFile*.dcd)的设置驾驶员控制文件(Drivercontrolfile*.dcf)的设置,驾驶员控制数据文件(DriverControlDataFile*.dcd)的设置,根据蛇行线行驶特征，在驾驶员控制数据文件内设置汽车仿真时的行驶轨迹路线数据。以便确定汽车按蛇行曲线运动。,驾驶员控制文件（Drivercontrolfile*.dcf)的设置,驾驶员控制文件描述了汽车准备执行的一系列操作，如转向、制动等。在文件中，可以设定车辆行驶的速度、轨迹、控制方式，以及试验结束的条件（如行驶距离、最大侧向加速度等）等。本次试验采用缺省驾驶员模拟驾驶。,ADAMS/View本身在开发整车仿真系统时虽没有ADAMS/Car方便，但其有相当强的开放性，其模型开发语言macro功能十分强大。我们可以借鉴ADAMS/Car的特点，在ADAMS/View的基础上自主开发一个专用整车仿真系统-整车操纵稳定性多工况自动仿真系统。其输入界面面向设计师，让设计师输入最少的数据量，让大量的建模工作由程序后台实现，尽量减少人的干预，最大限度地降低使用者对ADAMS的要求。同时该程序应能根据研究的需要可改变模型的拓扑结构，可仿真稳态、瞬态、直线制动及转弯制动等工况。使用该系统，以提高建模、仿真速度，同时使ADAMS的应用面扩大。使产品设计人员可自接使用，为今后真正实现并行工程打下了基础。,