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八、词句猜测句意理解题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018扬州一模)Competitionisanideology(意识形态)thatspreadsalloveroursocietyandmisleadsourthinking.Butitmeansnoprofitsforanybody，nomeaningfuldifferentiation，andastruggleforsurvival.Weadvocatepetition，seeitasnecessary，andsetitslaws；andasaresult，wetrapourselveswithinitthemorewepete，thelesswegain.,Oureducationalsystembothdrivesandreflectsourcrazeforpetition.Gradesaloneareprecisemeasurementofeachstudentspetitiveness；pupilswiththehighestmarksreceivestatusandcredits.Anditgetsworseasstudentsrisetohigherlevelsofthetournament.Highereducationistheplacewherepeoplewhohadbigplansinhighschoolgetstuckinfiercepetitionwithequallysmartpeersoverconventionalcareerslikemanagementconsultingandinvestmentbanking.Fortheprivilegeofbeingturningintoconformists(顺从者)，students(ortheirfamilies)payhundredsofthousandsofdollarsinrapidlyrisingtuition.Whyarewedoingthistoourselves?,IwishIhadaskedmyselfwhenIwasyounger.Mypathwassotrackedthatinmy8th-gradeyearbook，oneofmyfriendspredictedaccuratelythatfouryearslaterIwouldenterStanford.AndIenrolledatStanfordLawSchool，whereIpetedevenharderforthestandardbadges(徽章)ofsuccess.Thehighestprizeinalawstudentsworldisunambiguous：theSupremeCourtclerkship.Iwassoclosetowinningthislastpetition.IfonlyIgottheclerkship，Ithought，Iwouldbesetforlife.ButIdidnt.Atthetime，Iwasfrustrated.,In2004，afterIhadbuiltandsoldPayPal，Iranintoanoldfriendwhohadhelpedmeprepareformyfailedclerkshipapplications.Wehadntspokeninnearlyadecade.Hisfirstwordstomewerenot“HiPeter”or“Howareyoudoing？”Butrather，“So，arentyougladyoudidntgetthatclerkship？”BecauseifIhadntlostthatlastpetition，webothknewthatIneverwouldhaveleftthetracklaiddownsincemiddleschool.HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt，Iprobablywouldhavespentmyentirecareertakingdepositionsordraftingotherpeoplesbusinessdealsinsteadofcreatinganythingnew.Itshardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent，buttheopportunitycostswereenormous.,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者用自己的事例阐述了一个人不应该盲目地随大流，而应该有自己的目标和计划。,Lookingbackatmyambitiontobeealawyer，itlookslesslikeaplanforthefutureandmorelikeanexcuseforthepresent.Itwasawaytoexplaintoanyonewhowouldasktomyparents，tomypeers，andmostofalltomyselfthattherewasnoneedtoworry.Iwasperfectlyontrack.Butitturnedoutthatmybiggestproblemwastakingthetrackwithoutthinkingreallyhardaboutwhereitwasgoing.,语篇解读,1.Studentspeteatschoolbecause.A.theyareassessedbygradesB.theyareunderpeerpressureC.theywanttofindasecurejobD.thetuitionincreasesquickly,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Highereducationistheplacewherepeoplewhohadbigplansinhighschoolgetstuckinfiercepetitionwithequallysmartpeersoverconventionalcareerslikemanagementconsultingandinvestmentbanking.”可知，学生在学校竞争是为了以后找到一份稳定的工作。,答案,解析,2.WecanlearnfromParagraph3thatthewriter.A.didnthaveaclearplanforfutureB.didbadlyinstudyinthe8thgradeC.wasntacapablestudentincollegeD.didntwanttoobtaintheclerkship,解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“IwishIhadaskedmyselfwhenIwasyounger.”可知，作者很后悔当初没有弄清楚为什么要这样做，由此可知当时他对未来缺乏清晰的规划。,答案,解析,3.Theunderlinedsentence“theopportunitycostswereenormous”(inParagraph4)showsthewriter.A.isunsurewhetherhischoiceiscorrectB.regretsfailingclerkshipapplicationsC.ishappyaboutnotgettingtheclerkshipD.thinkshecouldhavehadabettercareer,解析句意理解题。根据第四段中的“HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt，Iprobablywould.Itshardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent，buttheopportunitycostswereenormous.”可知，作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。,答案,解析,4.Thewritershareshislifestorymainlytoarguethat.A.peopleshouldntsupportpetitionB.gradescannotreflectstudentsabilityC.failurecanbeagoodthingsometimesD.weshouldntfollowotherpeopleblindly,解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“Butitturnedoutthatmybiggestproblemwastakingthetrackwithoutthinkingreallyhardaboutwhereitwasgoing.”可知，作者分享这个故事的目的是告诉人们不要盲目地跟随他人，而应该有自己的目标和计划。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。设问形式常有：1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans“”.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?,二、解题技巧“意义吻合”定句意,一定位,二分析,三归纳,返回原文，定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项,例如：【感悟体会】中第3题：第一步：速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子(1)HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt，Iprobablywouldhavespentmyentirecareertakingdepositionsordraftingotherpeoplesbusinessdealsinsteadofcreatinganythingnew.(2)Itshardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent，buttheopportunitycostswereenormous.,第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由第(1)句话可知，要是作者成为最高法院的职员，一辈子就不会有所创新了。第(2)句话的意思是“很难说有什么不同，但是这个机会成本是巨大的”。由此可推知作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。,随堂限时练,A(2018湖南郴州质检)6Companionplantingistheideathatwhensomecropsareplantedtogether，theyhelpeachothergrow.These1patibleplantsgenerallyhavesimilarneedsfornutrients，soiland2moisture.Adviceforpanionplantingissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.ButFabianFernandezattheUniversityofIllinoissaysthereisevidenceforsomebinations.Thesecanleadtobettercrops，reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.,Forexample，somekindsofsoilbacteriatakenitrogen(氮)fromtheairandmakeaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantskeepthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumes(豆类)areespeciallygoodatthis.Anycropssharingthesamespacecangetthenitrogenastherootsdepose(腐烂).,Cropslikebeansandpotatoes，carrotsandcabbages，beansandricecanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdown，sotheydonotpetewithshallowerplants.Butsomeplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachothersdevelopment.Forexample，tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes，asthenamesuggests.Soyouwouldprobablynotwanttoputthemtogether.,Evenafterharvest，somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapart.Apples，forexample，releaseethylenegas，aplant3hormone.Itcancauseotherfoodstoripen(成熟)tooquickly.Marketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butsometimesyoumightwantthemtogether.Forexample，ifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana，thebananawillbereadytoeatsooner.,Nowwhataboutpeaches，plumsandnectarinesthataretoofirmtoeat?GrowersinCaliforniaanswerthisquestionateatcaliforniafruit.Theysayanapple，abananaorariperpieceoffruitisnotneeded.Thepeaches，plumsandnectarinesthemselvesreleaseenoughofthegastoripensuccessfully.,Herestheiradvice：placethefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagwiththetopfoldedover.Keepthefruitatroomtemperature.Whenthefruitissoftenoughtoyourliking，eitheruseitorplaceitinarefrigeratortostopfurtherripening.,语篇解读本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时，它们互相帮助生长。,语篇解读,1.Whatarethebasicneedsforpanionplanting?A.Goodoldpanions.B.Somekindsofsoilbacteria.C.Similarneedsfornutrients，soilandmoisture.D.Helpfulinsects.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thesepatibleplantsgenerallyhavesimilarneedsfornutrients，soilandmoisture.”可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients，soilandmoisture”有相似的需求。故答案为C。,答案,解析,2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.4Tosomeextent，panionplantingreliesmoreontraditionalexperience.B.Inthefieldofpanionplanting，proofalwaysspeakslouderthantradition.C.Traditionalexperienceismuchlessreliablethanscientificexperiments.D.Scientificresearcheshavethrownlightonthetheoryofpanionplanting.,答案,解析,解析句意理解题。画线句子的意思是在某种程度上，兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。故选A。,解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Forexample，tomatoesdonotlikewetsoilbutwatercressdoes，asthenamesuggests.Soyouwouldprobablynotwanttoputthemtogether.”可知，西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。故答案为B。,3.Accordingtothetext，whichgroupofplantsarenotsuitabletobeplantedtogether?A.Beansandpotatoes.B.Tomatoesandwatercress.C.Carrotsandcabbages.D.Beansandrice.,答案,解析,4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Weshouldchoosefruitfrommarketsasoftenaspossible.B.Thepeaches，plumsandnectarinesshouldalwaysbeputtogethertogetriper.C.Thefruitinafruitbowlorinapaperbagshouldbeeatenassoonaspossible.D.Weshouldnotplaceanyripeningfruitoutindirectsunlight.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。保持水果在室温下，当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。故选D。,BAfterfoursilentyears，the27-year-oldBritishsingerAdeleAdkinshasfinallyintroducedherselftotheworldagainwithHello，theopeningsongfromherthirdalbum25，whichwill8eoutonNov.20.AlthoughAdeleisaverysuccessfulsingernow，musicwasntalwayswhatshesawherselfdoing.Atage10，whenshesawhergrandmotherspainoverthedeathofAdelesgrandfather，she7picturedherselfasaheartsurgeon.,“Iwantedtofixpeopleshearts，”shetoldtheUKmusicwebsitei-D，rememberingthechildhoodinterestshedhadinbiologyclassesuntilshefoundoutthatherrealtalentwasforsinging.Adeledidntgotomedicalschool，butmanywouldagreethatshestillhashealing(治愈)powers.“Hersongsfindthekindofmemoryeverylistenerholdssomewhereintheirheart.ThiskindoffeelingiswhatpeoplehavealwayslikedinAdele，”saidTheTelegraph.“Shewritesapopdiary，sharingthesimplesecretsofherheart.”,Mostsuccessfulpopstarsmakealbumsatafastpace，butnotAdele.Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardforAlbumoftheYear，shemadeitclearwithherlabelthatshewouldspend“fourorfiveyears”makinghernextalbum.ShetoldVoguemagazine，“Iwonteoutwithnewmusicuntilitsbetterthan21.”Insteadofseeking5fame，Adeleremainedsilentandmovedtothecountryside.Inherfreetime，shelovedtowatchTVseriesTeenMom，AmericanHorrorStory，andTheWalkingDead.,语篇解读本文主要讲述了英国著名歌手阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。),Livinglifeasnormallyaspossibleisimportanttothesingersart.“Nobodywantstolistentoarecordfromsomeonewhosnotlivingintherealworld，”Adeletoldi-D.“SoIlivealow-keylifeformyfans.”,语篇解读,5.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.ThepopularityofAdelesalbum25.B.ThehealingpowersofAdelesmusic.C.ThesecretsofAdelessuccessinmusic.D.ThereasonforAdelesbeingasinger.,解析主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后三段可推知，本文主要讲述了阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。故选C。,答案,解析,6.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2probablymean?A.Adelewasntinterestedinmusic.B.Adelewasntgoodatmusicatfirst.C.MusicwasntveryimportantinAdeleslife.D.MusicwasntallAdelewantedtobedevotedto.,解析句意理解题。根据第二段末句可知，10岁时，当阿黛尔看到祖父的去世给祖母带来的伤痛时，她想成为一名外科医生，减轻别人的痛苦。由此可推知，音乐并不是阿黛尔想要的全部。故选D。,答案,解析,7.WhydoesntAdelewanttomakealbumsatafastpace?A.Tolivealow-keylife.B.TowintheGrammyAward.C.Toguaranteethequalityofhermusic.D.Tosharethesecretsofherheartasamusician.,解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“ShetoldVoguemagazine，Iwonteoutwithnewmusicuntilitsbetterthan21.”并结合最后两段的整体内容可推知，阿黛尔放慢做音乐的速度是为了追求高质量的音乐。故选C。,答案,解析,8.WhatcanweknowaboutAdele?A.HeralbumHellowilleoutonNov.20.B.Shehaskeptadiarysincechildhood.C.Shemovedtothecountrysidebefore2012.D.Herworksarebasedonreallife.,解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Nobodywantstolistentoarecordfromsomeonewhosnotlivingintherealworld，Adeletoldi-D.SoIlivealow-keylifeformyfans.”可知，阿黛尔的音乐作品基于真实的生活。故选D。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Todaytherearelotsofsmartphoneappstochoose.Buttheyrealldifferentandnotpatiblewithothersmartphoneoperatingsystems.2.Theyrequirelittlewater，perhapsbecausetheyobtainmuchoftheirmoisturefromtheirfood._,兼容的,水分,3.Ahormoneisachemical，usuallyoccurringnaturallyinyourbody，thatmakesanorganofyourbodydosomething._4.Doyouthinkyourhappinessistied，atleasttosomeextent，toyourfinancialsituation？_5.Shewasoneofthemostpopularstarsofourtimeandshecouldsitbackandenjoyherfameandfortune._(二)同义词语替换6.Althoughshefinishedhervoyagewithoutapanion，shedidnotstartitalone._,荷尔蒙；激素,在某种程度上,名声；名望,fellow/friend,7.Wefoundithardtopicturehimasthefatherofayounggirl._(三)一词多义8eout出来，出现；开花，发芽；出版，发表(1)Weregoingtoeoutwithanewdictionarynextmonth._(2)Ihavelotsofideas，buttheyneverseemtoeoutofmymouth._(3)Someflowershavebeguntoeout._,imagine,出版，发表,出来,开花,.长难句理解1.Marketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.句式分析本句话是一个复合句，句子的主干部分由短语separate.from.构成，those指代前面的；thataresensitivetothegas是从句。精美译文,foods,定语,市场把乙烯含量高的食品与那些对乙烯气体敏感的食物,分开。,2.Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardforAlbumoftheYear，shemadeitclearwithherlabelthatshewouldspend“fourorfiveyears”makinghernextalbum.句式分析本句话是一个复合句，主干部分是结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是_；Afterhersecondalbum21wonthe2012GrammyAwardforAlbumoftheYear是。精美译文,thatshewouldspend“fourorfiveyears”making,主谓宾宾补,hernextalbum,时间状语,在她的第二张专辑21获得了2012年年度格莱美奖后，她明确表示要花四、五年的时间出下一张专辑。,
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