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开放作文,Open-endedwriting,开放作文,2.训练类型,4.训练中的问题及策略,1.命题,3.训练步骤,命题,开放作文Open-endedwriting,2005-2011北京高考开放作文题型,命题,开放作文,1.2007-2012年北京高考皆为看图写一篇议论文。从近年高考英语书面表达命题趋势来看，新课标地区书面表达有从控制性向开放性过过渡的趋势。山东、湖南等地的书面表达趋向于半开放，北京、上海等一直有开放作文。2.自由发挥和相像的空间大，对考生的语言能力提出了更高的要求。,开放作文：,2.训练类型,（1）图画类（2）提纲类（计划、建议、可能性等）（3）续写类（以故事为主）,3.开放作文训练步骤,指导上范文分析,2008北京卷开放作文请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。InanEnglishspeechcompetition,youareaskedtodescribethefollowingpictureandexplaintothejudgeshowyouunderstandit.,InanEnglishclass,youareaskedtodescribethefollowingpictureandexplainhowyouunderstandit.,2011北京高考,请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.,关注2012年开放作文变化,3.开放作文训练步骤,立意,提出论点Thevividpictureistryingtoconveytousamessagethat;Whatthepictureattemptstotellusisthat,（1）,（1）如何立意？,寻找要素，及之间联系,atalltreegoalstoohighforsomebody,anewheight/challenge,ashort/small/dwarftree-appropriatetarget/goalsthatcanbeachieved/reached,agiraffeapersonwhoistryingtoachieveitsgoal/reachatarget,1.Peopleshouldsetthemselvestargetsthattheycanreasonablyhopetoachieve.给自己制定有望达到的目标2.Thepicturetriestotellustheimportanceofappropriategoal-setting.3.Weshouldntsetgoalsthataretoohighforus.4.Wealwaysneedtodevelopourselvestoahigherlevelinsteadofbeingsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.5.Beforewedecidetodosomething,weshouldanalyseourabilitiesandthesituationaround.,6.Peopleshouldknowtheirownadvantagesandability,andnottodowhatisimpossibleforthem.7.Weshouldpursueourbreakthroughlikethegiraffe.8.Peopleshouldsetpropergoalstoachieve.9.Weshouldbemoreflexiblewhenwearepursuingwhatwewant.10.Weshouldsetasuitablegoalforourselves,neithertoohighnortoolow.11.Weshoulddothingswithinourabilityandnotpursuesomethingtoounrealistic.,3.开放作文训练步骤,（2）描图Aswecanseefromthepicture,;Fromthepicturewecanseethat一个什么样的事物在以一种什么样的状态做什么样的事情，while另一个什么样的事物在以一种什么样的状态做什么样的事情。造成了什么样的结果。描图篇幅一般不超过1/3第三人称一般现在时、现在进行时描图时不加入个人观点。描图时做到内容充实、具体、形象、生动有的放矢、中心突出,1.Inthepicture,atreefulloffruittemptsamanintogettingthedeliciousfruit.Betweenthem,however,flowsadeepstream.Standingontheedgeofthebankofastream,themanisreachingoutforthefruitwithanetattachedtoapole.Notfarwayisabridgewhichcanleadhimtotheoppositeside.2.Inthepicture,atreefulloffruitbecomestheenvyofaman.However,itannoysthemanthatastreamseparatesthetreeandhim.Determinedtogetthefruit,hereachedoutapolewithanetattachedtoitattheriskoffallingofftheedgeofstream.Justthen,abridgeliespeacefullynotfaroverthestream.,3.Asisvividlyshowninthepicture,themanissparingnoefforttoreachforthefruitsonthetreeacrosstheriverwithalongnet,neglectingabridgenearby.Hardasheistrying,allhiseffortseemsinvain.4.Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,ahugecliffwithwaterrunningfastdownhascreatedaconsiderablegapbetweenatreefullofpeachluxuryandamanwhoiseagertogetsome.Insteadofseekingforthewoodbridgethatisalreadypresentednearlytoreachthetree,hestupidlyriskshislifetousethetooltogetthepeach.,Inthepicture,wecanseeitisraininghard.Buttooursurprise,agentlemaniswateringflowers,holdinganumbrellainhishand.FromthepictureIcanseeapairofproudcompassesandahard-workingpencil.Thecompassesarebig,drawingacirclewithease,whilethepencilissmall,drawingalinewithgreateffort.Inthepicture,aboyistryinghardtopushforwardthehourhandoftheclockwhileanoldmanismakingagreatefforttopushbackwardtheminutehandofthesameclock.Bothofthemaretryingtheirbest,butintheoppositedirections.Ascanbeseeninthepicture,atreeisbrokenbythestrongwind,whilethegrassstillstaysasitis.Weakandsmallasthegrassis,itcanstandthestrongwind.,3.开放作文训练步骤,（3）带图议论,Asindicatedinthepicture,ifthemaniswillingtolookforotherpossibilities,hecanfindabetterandmorerewardingwaytoachievehisgoal.Allhehastodoistoturnaround,crossthebridgeandwalktothetree.,3.开放作文训练步骤,（4）议论,Frommypointofview,thispicturereflectsaphenomenoninourlifethatparentsoftenoffertheirchildrentoomuchprotectionwhichdoesharmtotheirgrowth.Justlikethemothercactusinthepicture,althoughittriesitsbesttocareforitsbaby,themothercactusfailstorealizethatsunshineisexactlywhatthelittlecactusneedsandisavitalfactortoitsgrowth.Theshadeitoffers,infact,iswhatpreventsthebabycactusfromgrowinghealthily.,3.开放作文训练步骤,（4）议论,Itisthesameinourlife.Chancesarethatparentstendtoserveasaprotectiveumbrellawhichhelpsthechildrendefendanyharmfulfactors,justlikedifficultiesinlife.Withparentssolvingeveryproblemforus,weinturn,lacktheabilitytofaceadifficultsituationbravely,letalonefindawayoutonourown.Thislackofabilityundoubtedlypreventsusfromforminganindependentpersonalityandsurelyaffectsourgrowth.Whatsworse,whenwecametorealizethefact,itisoftentoolateandparentscandonothingtohelpusjustasthepictureshows.,Inconclusion,parentsshouldntprovidetoomuchprotectiontotheirchildren,ortheywillendupwearingaworriedlookseeingtheirbadlygrowchildrenjustlikethemothercactus.Sosometimesparentsshouldlearntoletgo,andgivethe“smallcactus”achancetotrulyfacethe“sun”.,3.开放作文训练步骤,（5）升华,1.工具、方法选择类2.意志品质类3.克服困难类4.目标类5.团结合作分享类6.创新类7.人生态度类8.模仿类,常考立意,Inthepicture,Icanseeagiraffeholdinghisheadhightowardsatalltree,tryingtoeattheleavesonit.Obviously,sheischallengingherself,althoughshecaneattheleavesfromthesmalltreeseasily.,Inmyopinion,thepictureconveysamessagethatwealwaysneedtodevelopourselvestoahigherlevelinsteadofbeingsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.Thegiraffeistallenoughtoreachleavesfromthelowertrees,butshestillworkshardtryingtogettheupperleaves.Thatsbecausesheknowsthesmalltreeswillsoonerorlatergrowintobigtrees.,Thingsarethesameinourreallife.Thesituationisalwayschangingandthereisnoreasonforustobesatisfiedwithwhatwehavenow.,Instead,wemustdevelopourselvestoahigherleveltobewellpreparedfortheunpredictablefuture.Withouttheseemingly“useless”attempts,thegiraffemaynotsurviveinnature.Asforhumanbeings,theendlessdevelopmentmeansawaytoabetterlife.,Soletsdevelopourselvestoahigherleveltomakeawonderfullife.,
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