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非谓语动词松滋四中冉小庆,一.非谓语动词的基本介绍,1.定义：非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。,不定式（todo）动名词（doing）现在分词（doing）过去分词（V-ed）,2.非谓语动词的种类：,、非谓语动词的各种形式和句法功能,（1）非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,（2）不定式的时态和语态,todo,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tobedoing,tohavebeendoing,（3）动词-ing（现在分词和动名词）的时态和语态,过去分词,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,done,二.非谓语动词的易错易混点,（一）不定式与分词的区别,1.不定式、现在分词和过去分词做定语时的区别,Theschool_（即将要建的）isintendedforthedisabledchildren.Theschool_（正在建的）isintendedforthedisabledchildren.Theschool_(去年建的)lastyearisintendedforthedisabledchildren.,tobebuilt,beingbuilt,built,结论：做定语时，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。,1.Theplay_(拍摄的）nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(produce)2.Mostofpeople_(被邀请参加晚会的）werefamousscientists.(invite),tobeproduced,invitedtotheparty,2.不定式、现在分词和过去分词做宾补的区别,Ihelpher_herworkontime.我帮她按时完成了工作。Weheardher_nextdoor.我们听到她正在隔壁唱歌。Weheardthesong_nextdoor.我们听见有人在隔壁唱过这首歌。,finish,singing,sung,结论：不定式做宾补表示动作的全过程，表明动作已经结束或即将发生；现在分词做宾补强调动作的延续性，强调动作正在进行；过去分词做宾补表示它与宾语之间是被动,完成关系。,1.Theyusethecomputertokeepthetraffic_(畅通）smoothly.(run)2.I_（手机被偷了）onmywayhome.(have),running,hadmyphonestolen,3.不定式、现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindhehadleft.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.,结论：不定式做结果状语常表示出乎意料或不愿看到的结果，而现在分词做结果状语表示顺其自然的结果。,AmericanandBritishEnglishborrowedwordsfromothercountries,_(结果便有了不同的单词）（end),endingupwithdifferentwords,(二)现在分词和过去分词的区别,1._（听到这个消息），theboyjumpedforjoy.2._(完成了家庭作业后)，heleftandwenthome.3._(当穿过街道时),youmustbeverycareful.4._,(被问及他的家庭时）hemadenoanswer.,Hearingthenews,Havingfinishedallthework,Askedabouthisfamily,结论：现在分词表主动、进行，而过去分词表被动、完成。分词做状语时相当于一个状语从句。如果谓语动词的动作和分词的动作是同时发生的,应用“when/while+现在分词”的结构。,When/whilecrossingthestreet,Theteachercamein,_(后面跟着学生）(follow)_(用完了他们所有的钱）,theyhavenochanceofsurviving.(run),followedbythestudents,Havingrunoutofalltheirmoney,(三)动名词和现在分词的区别,1.做表语的区别：(1)Theirjobisfinishingtheexperimentbytheendofthisweek.Finishingtheexperimentbytheendofthisweekistheirjob.（现在分词）(2)Thestoryisveryexcitingbutalittlelong.（动名词）,结论：动名词做表语常可和主语换位，说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征。,Whathelikesis_（看孩子们玩耍）(watch),watchingchildrenplay,(2)做定语的区别,Asleepingboy(ababywhoissleeping)(现在分词）正在睡觉的孩子Asleepingbag(=abagforsleeping)睡袋（动名词）,结论：现在分词做定语表示它所修饰的名词的动作，而动名词做定语表示它所修饰的名词的用途。,三.practice,1.Theimportantreportissupposed_（已被送给）themanager.(send)2._(已受骗）manytimesbyfalseadvertisements,theoldladywouldnotbuyanyproductsadvertisedonTV.(take),tohavebeensentto,Havingbeentakenin,3.Studentstodayarealwaysfound_(背着沉重的书包)ontheirwaytoschool.(burden)4._(不知如何解决）theproblem,Jimturnedtohisteacherforhelp.(work),burdenedwithheavybags,Notknowinghowtoworkout,5.Itwas_(你来迟）madetheteacherveryangry.Youmustcomeearliernexttime.(come)6._（位于-的中心）ofthetown,thesupermarketattractslotsofcustomerseveryday.(locate),yourcominglatethat,Locatedinthecentre,四.summary,1.学习了非谓语动词的定义，种类，各种形式，时态和语态。2.分析了非谓语动词的易错易混点：不定式与分词的区别；现在分词和过去分词的区别；现在分词和动名词的区别。3.通过做练习也掌握了非谓语动词的一些难点。,五.Homework,Finishtheexercisesonyourbooks.,
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