《完型填空技巧》PPT课件.ppt

,大学英语四级完型填空,1.完型填空的心理学依据,格式塔心理学(GestaltPsychology)人的阅读过程也是完型的，人们会“无意识地”把它们填补上去，使之成为完整的句子或文章。,卡夫卡在去世的前一年，住在维也纳。有一天他在路上散步，看到一位小女孩丢了_，正哭得伤心。卡夫卡安慰小女孩，说玩偶并不是丢了，而是厌倦了一成不变的生活，出去旅行了。A.玩具B.狗狗C.宝贝D.玩偶,命题规律小结,（一）四级完型填空文章的体裁及趋向分析。说明文、议论文、科普说明文，反映社会时事、介绍英美社会热点话题的内容。（二）四级完型填空考题范围：词汇（包括词义辨析和搭配）、语法和语篇。实词：动词、名词、形容词、副词；虚词：连词；固定词组比例大幅上升；,完型填空的试题设计特点,1.大纲：考察考生在原文阅读理解基础上的英语知识运用。阅读能力：a.文章的整体（主旨，结构）b.上下文的逻辑关系c.句子内部结构与意义（六大从句）,英语知识运用a.语法：主谓一致，代词指代，虚拟语气，倒装结构，比较结构，分词结构，独立主格，六大从句b.词汇：一词多义，近义词、同义词、反义词、形近词辨析，词汇搭配（英语四级核心词汇；完型填空重点短语）公共邮箱：Yingyuxiaozu12345密码：12345abc网盘,2.从考查能力的重点看，是以考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主，先从整体环境进行把握和理解，然后解决具体的问题。单纯从语法角度命制的题不多。3.从选项来看，每小题的4个选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类或结构，属于同一范畴。,测试内容大致分为4类,1)语境词汇题；2)固定搭配题；3)逻辑推理题；4)语法结构题。,1)语境词汇题,a.原词复现Thesmokers_alot.Infact,thenon-smokerswhomustbreathetheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemaysuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.A)sufferB)endureC)tolerateD)bearA)suffer,1)语境词汇题,Wisebuyingisapositivewayinwhichyoucanmakeyourmoneygofurther.The_yougoaboutpurchasinganarticleoraservicecanactuallysaveyoumoneyorcanaddtothecost.(2004.12)A)formB)wayC)methodD)fashionB)way,1)语境词汇题,Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden._needstocontinuethroughoutlife.(2010.6)A)IndentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)PracticingB)Learning,1)语境词汇题,b.同义词的复现Hismachine,Cyclops,hasacamerathatscansanypage,interpretstheprintintosounds,andthendeliversthemorallyinarobot-like_throughaspeaker.A)behaviorB)expressionC)movementD)voiceD)voice,1)语境词汇题,ThewayyougoaboutpurchasinganarticleoraservicecanactuallysaveyoumoneyorcanaddtothecostBeforeyoubuyanexpensive_,oraservice,dochecktheprice(2004.12)A)itemB)elementC)particleD)componentA)item,1)语境词汇题,同源词的复现TheresearcherexaminedthedeadbodiesofthepeoplewhodevelopSARS.The_isveryimportant.A)testB)quizC)checkD)examinationD)examination,1)语境词汇题,近义词的复现Theearthquaketooksome75,000lives，injured130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfood,jobsorhomes._overnight,scoresoftentvillagesbloomedacrosstheregionA)AltogetherB)AlmostC)ScarcelyD)SurelyB)Almost,1)语境词汇题,近义词的复现Consequently,e-commercedoesnotdifferfromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,“mailorder”catalogs,orsendingapurchaseordertoasupplier_fax.A)withB)viaC)fromD)offB)via,1)语境词汇题,概况词的复现Unlikeothersocialrolesthatweareexpectedtoplayascitizens,employees,membersofprofessionalsocietiesandotherorganizations.Ithasitsownprinciple,whichistopromote_ofwarmth,trust,love,andaffectionbetweentwopeople(2001.6)A)friendshipB)interestsC)feelingsD)impressionC)feelings,1)语境词汇题,c.反义词复现Forcingyourselftorecall(almost)neverhelpsbecauseitdoesnt_yourmemory;itonlytightensit.(1995.1)A)loosenB)weakenC)decreaseD)reduceA)loosen,Whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceuspositively,butwhentheyare“down”，thatcanhavea_impactonus.(2007.12)A)relativeB)decisiveC)negativeD)sensitiveC)negative,形近词的辨析Andtheircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand_sportsfieldsandfacilities.(2008.12)A)maintainB)containC)sustainD)entertainA)maintain,形近词的辨析Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlytoacquiretheknowledgeneededfortheirchosen_.(2008.06)A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preferenceB)profession,2)固定搭配题,Theyare_offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstartfarmingagain.(2007.6)A)seekingB)dreamingC)longingD)searchingB)dreaming,2)固定搭配题,_onesense,theeffectofaconsumersmoodcanbethoughtofinmuchthesamewayascanourreactionstothebehaviorofourfriends.(2007.12)A)OnB)InC)OfD)ByB)In,2)固定搭配题,Tenyearslater,bothlargeandsmallbusinesses_userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.A)offeredB)convincedC)equippedD)providedD)provided,2)固定搭配题,Inthelate1990s,Indianentrepreneurs_foroneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.A)accountedB)conferredC)verifiedD)inferredA)accounted,3)逻辑推理题：列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等,Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;_,whatheneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemA)otherwiseB)moreoverC)howeverD)alsoC)however,逻辑推理题,Heusedtoownasportutilityvehicle.Butnowheusesmostlysubwaysandtrains.“Itsnotinconvenientatall,”hesays._,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”(2009.6)A)ThereforeB)BesidesC)OtherwiseD)ConsequentlyA)Besides,逻辑推理题,OnethirdthoughtColumbusreachedtheNewWorldafter1750.TwothirdscannotcorrectlylocktheCivilWarbetween1850and1900._whentheygettheanswersright,somearejustguessing.(2004.6)A)EvenB)ThoughC)ThusD)SoA)Even,Whilemini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis_.Lastyearsalesfell6.7percent,7.6percentifyoudontcountthemini-carmarket.(2009.06)A)surgingB)stretchingC)slippingD)shakingC)slipping,Hesayoung，successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable_.(2009.06)A)profitB)paymentC)incomeD)budgetC)income,4)语法结构题,“Westartedthinkingof_todoaboutit,”saysEricShashoua,chiefexecutiveofficerofAxonSleepResearchLaboratories.(2006.6)A)whatB)howC)whetherD)whenA)what,Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe_thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearstocome.(2006.6)A)practiceB)outlookC)ideaD)schemeC)idea,Andthereshouldbemoremoney_tosupportpeopleinestablishingasenseofidentity(2009.12)A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)feasibleC)available,E-commercefollowsthesamemodel_inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifferenceliesinthedetails.(2010.06)A)appearedB)usedC)resortedD)servedB)used,测试内容大致分为4类,2010-12四级真题1)语境词汇题2)固定搭配题3)逻辑推理题4)语法结构题,2010-12四级真题,1.词汇辨析题倍受青睐积累与技巧双管齐下,本次完型填空题目共考了12道词汇辨析题，考查方式与往年基本一致，主要具备两个特点。(1)高频词汇的考查重复出现(2)选项的设置符合以往的出题套路词汇辨析题的选项设置具有一定的套路，归纳起来总共有四种模式：3+1模式、2+1+1模式、4+0模式、2+2模式。,3+1模式。“3+1模式”指的是四个选项中有三个选项的感情色彩一致，如都表示肯定、否定、积极、中立或消极等，而另一个选项的意思与其他三项的感情色彩相反或无关。2+1+1模式。“2+1+1模式”指的是四个选项中有两个选项意思相近，另两个选项“各成一派”，意思与其他选项都没有交集。这时，正确答案一般为两个意思相近的选项之一。,4+0模式。“4+0模式”指的是四个选项意思都相近的情况。这时，考生就要结合原文语境，再结合各个选项词汇的具体用法来选择。2+2模式。“2+2模式”指的是四个选项可分为两组，其中两个意义相近，另外两个意义也相近，并且可能与前面两个意义相反。,2008年12月四级真题的第70题为例Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare_likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften_theresourcesneededtopayforparticipationfees,equipmentandtransportationtopracticesandgames.70.A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much71.A.shrinkB.tightenC.limitD.lack,2.逻辑连词题风采依旧瞻前顾后是核心,完型填空题的创始人威尔逊泰勒(WilsonTaylor)曾说：“完型填空并不直接涉及特定的意思，它只是反复地从两种语言模式的相似之处取样：一种是写的人表达自己思想的语言模式，另一种是读的人根据自己的理解做出猜测的语言模式。,Acenturyago,_thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.Bythemiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,oralmostsixandahalfbillionpeople.68.A)moreB)otherC)lessD)ratherC)less（上下文关系）,Itsaysworseninginequalities,drivenbysocialdivisionsanddifferencesinwealth,couldleadtoviolence_citiesplanbetter.79.A)whenB)ifC)unlessD)whereasC)unless（条件关系）,Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeoplearemovingawayfromthemajorcitiestosmallercities.Heseesatrendtoward“de-urbanization”acrossAmerica._urbaneconomiesstillprovidepossibilitiesthatruralareasdonot.85.A)ThenB)ButC)ForD)WhileB)But（转折关系）,3.固定搭配“涛声依旧”强化记忆是关键,第67题考comeout第69题考bythemiddleofthiscentury第73题考leadto第76题考moveinto第81题考atamuchfasterrate,2010-06,3+1模式：79题2+1+1模式：70题；83题4+0模式：67题72题78题85题86题2+2模式no,小结,考生在备考四级完型填空时要注意以下三点。第一，四级词汇的深度掌握是重中之重。在四级考试中，词汇的辨析题所占的比例非常大，尤其是名词和动词的辨析。第二，攻克基础的语法知识，尤其是定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等高频考查的语法点，并学会分析长难句。第三，做完型填空题时，切记要“瞻前顾后”。,