《词块理论及其运用》PPT课件.ppt

词块理论指导下的高一英语词汇教学,瓯海区任岩松中学金云安,词块理论（lexicalchunks）Becker(1975)第一次提出;MichaelLewis(1993)在TheLexicalApproach一书基本观点：基于词块的词汇是语言构成的中心因素，各种类型的词块组成词库，词块的不同的有机组合就形成了句子，进而组成连贯的篇章。根据该理论，语言习得的中心是基于词块的词汇，而不是传统意义上的语法。两个特征：一是词块是形式与功能相对应的组合；二是具有语言生成能力及相对稳定的语用功能和较强的语境制约。,理论学习,夏谷鸣老师在讲座中也非常强调：根据词汇分层的原则，在语境和运用中教学词汇。,四种类型：1、单词（Words）和多词词汇（Polywords）2、搭配（collocations）3、惯用话语（institutionalizedutterances）4、句子框架和引语（sentenceframesandheads）,理论学习,教学实践（TeachingPractice）1、充分重视高频词汇、英语短语，做到在师生互动中渗透、生成；2、围绕不同的话题，教师要善于使学生联系有关话题，联想有关词汇，形成词群；3、精加工部分重点词汇，特别是动词和形容词,兼顾词性活用；4、充分运用课前5分钟，进行topicreport,从口头和笔头两方面运用和巩固词块；5、突出词块在听说课、写作课中的应用;6、重视“二写二背”.,教学实践,Thankyou!,搭配（collocations）：指以较高频率出现的单词组合，如asusual、blacktea、heavytraffic、busyline、greenhand、face-to-faceinterview、interviewsbfacetoface、persuadesbtodosth/persuadesbintodoingsth,惯用话语（institutionalizedutterances）：指形式固定或半固定、具有固定语功能的单词组合，可以是完整的句子。如Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Takecare、Inmyopinion、Iamafraid(not).Imsorry,butIdontagree.Goodluckonyourjourney.Givemybestwishesto.Sorry,Icantfollowyou.Iinsistedthat.Iprefertodoratherthando,ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadseenthenightfacetoface.Itisnopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylonger,句子框架和引语（sentenceframesandheads）：指有待填充的具有特定语用功能和较强生成国的框架结构。如ononehand,ontheotherhand,Therearesomereasonsforthisasfollows.Firstly,secondly,Thirdly,Finally.AsfarasIamconcerned,whatsmore.Besides等，但仅用于书面语，作为篇章组织的手段。,在教学Unit1FriendshipPeriod1时的教学片段：教师设置2个问题Doyouthinkitisimportanttomakefriends?Whatgoodqualitiesdoyouthinkagoodfriendshouldhave?学生可以自由发言，教师可以板书如下：honest、unselfisheasy-going、kind-hearted、outgoing、helpful、loyal、responsible、thoughtful等。Task设置：Wouldyoupleasemakealistofthreequalitieswhichyouthinkarethemostimportanttoagoodfriend?Andyourreasons？Askthestudentsworkingroupsandthenreporttheirdiscussion.在各组学生汇报的过程中，教师通过备课时的预设、课堂倾听、评价、补充，比较容易板书如下语句中词汇，如oh,Isee.Youwouldlikeyourgoodfriendtooftengetintouchwithyoubutnotignoreyou,especiallywhenyouareintrouble,heorsheareconcernedaboutyou.,1、充分重视高频词汇、英语短语，做到在师生互动中渗透、生成;,其次，在Reading教学部分要引导学生归纳、摘录有用的词块，如unit3Para1.P18,教师问：HowisthisPara.organized?Howdoyouknowthat?Intimeorder,forexample,eversince,twoyearsago,lastyear,aftergraduatingfrom,now.这样一方面，可以帮助学生理解文章，另一方面，可以为学生写作该类文章提供词块依据。,1、充分重视高频词汇、英语短语，做到在师生互动中渗透、生成;,2、围绕不同的话题，教师要善于使学生联系有关话题，联想有关词汇和句型，形成意义群；,给出学生一个Pairwork任务：A:Hi,*,Asweknow,NationalDayiscoming,mayIaskyousomequestionsaboutyourholidayschedule?B:Sure,goaheadplease.A:Whereareyougoing?A:Whenareyouleaving?A:Howareyougoingto?A:Whatareyoutakingwithyou?A:Whereareyoustaying?A:Howlongarestayingin?A:Whenareyoucomingback?B:Thankyou.Wishyouanicetrip!/Goodluckonyourjourney!,重点词汇的“四性”，即词语英语释义（拼写）、文法句型、固定搭配、词汇辨义区别。以Learningaboutlanguage为载体，进行巩固和拓展。如在Unit1中，gothrough，settle需要突出一词多义这样，如gothroughthedifficulties，gothroughtheforest，gothroughthetask，settle(vt)theproblem，Dashansettled(vi)downinChina.p这样，掌握的词汇就能有效地为语言知识运用服务了。在Unit3中，persuadeinsistprefer,要突出文法句型，教师首先要每位学生掌握persuadesb(not)todosth，insistthatsb(should)dosth，prefertodosth，preferrunningtoswimming。还要拓展persuadesbintodoingsth，persuadesboutofsth，insistondoing，prefertodoAratherthandoB这个句型。另外，还要创设语境区别persuadesbtodosth,trytopersuadesbtodosth，advisesbtodosthsuggestsbdoingsth等含义及用法。,3、精加工部分重点词汇，特别是动词和形容词,兼顾词性活用；,Asweknow,wewillhavealongholidayasNewYearsDayiscoming.Iprefertotravelratherthanstayathome.SoIamplanningmyscheduleforthetrip.FirstIdecidedtogotoHawaii,itisawonderfulplacetovisit.Hawaiiiswell-knownforitsbeautifulsunshine,clearwaterandsand.Thesighttheremakesmefeelfreeandexcited.AndIwillenjoythenaturalbeautyofbeachandotheramazingplaces.Whatsmore,IcandrinkfamouscoconutmilkasmuchasIwant.Secondly,Iamgoingtherewithmyparentsbecauseofplanethatisquickandcomfortable.Sowewillgotherebyair.Inaword,Ihopetohaveafantastictrip.张烈芬,4充分运用课前5分钟，进行topicreport,从口头和笔头两方面运用和巩固词块；,NewYearsDayiscoming.Iwanttodosomethingdifferentthisyear.Inmyopinion,travellingisagoodidea.ImadeupmymindtovisitTibet.AsIknow,thereissomesnowmountains,andtheyaddtobeautyoftheplace.Thoughitscoldthere,Istillwanttoenjoythebeautyofnaturethere.Whatsmore,Iheardofthatthereisasacredlake,ifyoutouchit,youwillforgetalltheproblems,disappointmentandtiredness.Itseemsimpossible,however,Iwanttohaveatry.Iwillplanascheduleforthetripassoonaspossible.Wouldyoumindgoingwithme?林倍倍,4充分运用课前5分钟，进行topicreport,从口头和笔头两方面运用和巩固词块；,5、突出词块在写作中的应用；,在unit1教学中，P46有很多关于friendsandfriendship的proverbs.我进行了如下教学设计1、中文翻译谚语2、本单元词汇回放3、聚焦重点词汇ignore,upset,beconcernedabout,inorderto,getalongwith,grateful,settle,gettiredof,nolonger,outdoors4、选用上述部分词汇，围绕Afriendinneedisafriendindeed讲述你的经历学生当堂作品：Iwasverypoorinmaths.Ievengottiredofit.Ithinkmyteacherignoremebecauseofmybadmark.Ifeltsoupset.Ialmostcouldntgetalongwithmystudy.Luckilymyclosefriendcameandhelpme.Inordertohelpmewithmymaths,hepromisedtocometomyhouseafterschooleveryday.Asaresult,Ididbetterinmaths.Iwassograteful.Ithinkafriendinneedisafriendindeed.,5、突出词块在写作中的应用；,在Unit2writingpracticeP53中，本节课的写作任务是writeaboutyourproblemsinyourEnglishstudy.教师任务设计如下：1、Ofalltheitemsvocabulary,grammar,listening,reading,writing,speaking,whichdoyouthinkareyourproblemsinlearningEnglish?2、shareyourproblemswithyourpartnersanddiscusshowyoucansolvethem.,5、突出词块在写作中的应用；,通过讨论，学生生成下列词块：Problems:ofalltheitems,IthinkgrammaristhemostdifficultIhavesomeproblems/difficulty/troubleinlearningvocabulary.IampoorinspokenEnglish,andIdontdareopentospeakIthinkwritingisthehardestSolutions:ListentoCDsWatchsomenewsandinterviewonCCTV9WatchandEnglishfilmswiththeChinesesubtitlesTalktonativespeakersReadEnglishloudlyinthemorningDosomereadingeverydayandmakesomenotesBuyagrammarbookifnecessaryTrytomakeuseofthewordcardforeachunit,5、突出词块在写作中的应用；,然后老师给出thewritingframe:Title:Waysofimproving.Para1:themainproblemPara.2:suggestionsonhowtosolvetheproblemIamnotsatisfiedwiththissituation,soPara3:conclusionIwilldoasshe/headvised.IamsureIwillgraduallymakeprogressinlearningEnglish.有了前面的基础，围绕本节写作的任务和讨论要点，选用恰当的词块，学生就能够比较容易地进入到时实质性的写作阶段。,Thankyou!,