《短文改错辅导》PPT课件.ppt

,高考英语专项指导,短文改错,NMET短文改错的命题特点1.短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑:i.考察英语的屈折附加成分(以表现英语学科的显著特点)。ii.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。iii.估计考生可能出现的错误。2.用于改错的短文题材为中学生所熟悉,不会象阅读理解那样,发生因题材陌生而丢分。,NMET短文改错的命题内容I.英语的屈折附加成分1.现在时第三人称单数2.时态3.被动语态4.动名词5.分词6.不定式7.名词复数8.代词9.比较形容词10.词性的变化(从一类词派生另一类词),II.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误1.英语介词和活跃的动词搭配,构成表达法,是NMET短文改错的重要内容2.汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语3.英语中的一致现象(一致包括动词与其主语的一致,称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等)4.英语中的平行结构现象(在表达平行概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,平行结构常借助于并列连词and,or,notonly.butalso等。),HowtodoProof-reading,March16th,2009,stepsofdoingproof-reading,1.Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.(浏览全文，掌握大意）,2.Readthepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.（分句阅读，逐行找错）,3.Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.（检查核对，攻克难点）,Weallhadagoodtimetoday.2.Icanreturntoschoolnow.3.Ilikeplayingpiano.4.Imajorataccounting.,the,Wrongword,Missingword,in,Unnecessaryword,rightword,动词形，,名词数,还要注意形和副,代词格，细领悟,介词短语须关注习惯用法要记住,冠词连词常光顾,ALimerick,1.Shesaidsheandmyclassmateallwishedmesuccess.2.Visitingfriendsisoneofthemostcommonoccurrenceinoureverydaylife.3.IsawyournameonalistofteacherwhowishedtospendtheirholidaysinFrancethissummer.4.ThisisreallyaproblemweChineseofficialpaymoreattentionto.,(classmates),(occurrences),(teachers),(officials),错误类型例析(1)名词错误,名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误。确定名词单复数的方法：看修饰语。可数名词前若有数词及many,alotof,quiteafew,oneof,allthe(ones)等修饰时，要用复数。主谓的一致。可数名词前无单数修饰语，一定要用复数。看其他限定。,5.IsittruethatsomeGermenwillcometovisitourschoolnextweek?6.Therearesomanykindsofcomputersonsalethatwecantmakeupourmindwhichtobuy.7.AllthewomandoctorsinthehospitalgotapresentontheeighthofMarch.,Germans,minds,women,错误类型例析(2)冠词错误,冠词是英语中特有的词类。由于汉语中没有相对应的词类，所以中国学生对它的用法感到非常难以掌握。短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有，但多是基本用法如：不可数名词表泛指，前面多冠词；专有名词前多冠词；单数可数名词前缺冠词;不定冠词a,an与定冠词the的误用以及固定搭配中的冠词错误等。,1.AsIaminexperiencedteacher,ImafraidIhavelittletosayaboutthesubject.2.Oneofthestudentswhoweresittinginfrontgaveadifferentanswertothequestion.3.Thecomputerisanusefulmachinethatcandomanythingsforus.4.AgreatcelebrationwasheldinthePeoplesSquareontheNationalDay.,(an),(the),(a),5.ManypeopleagreethattheknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.6.Hefailedbuthewantedtotrythesecondtime.7.Howbeautifullyshesings!Iveneverheardthebettervoice.8.Afewfriendshedmadetherewereallinvitedtohisbirthdayparty.,a,a,a,(The),1.Mr.Johnsongavehisfriends,MaryandI,ateaparty.2.Ihavethesameideaashis.3.WegotontheschoolbusandwhichtookusstraighttothePeoplesPark.,me,he/him,it,错误类型例析(3)代词错误,代词错误主要有人称代词格的误用，不定代词使用错误，作形式主语与形式宾语it的遗漏或误用以及代词所指代的内容与先行词在性和数方面不一致等。,5.Thefootballteamhasdonewellthisyear.Alloftheirmembershavetrainedhard.6.Hedesignednewtoolswhichwerefitfortheuserswhentheyworkedwithit.7.HaventImadethisclearthatyoumustntspiteverywhere?,its,them,it,错误类型例析(4)词性错误,根据词在句中的位置及与其他词的修饰与被修饰的关系来确定词的正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用相应的词性。词性误用包括形容词副词误用和其他词性误用。连系动词后或名词前用形容词，修饰行为动词、形容词副词、过去分词或整个句子用副词。,Imsureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingmoreseriouslythanoverwork.2.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.3.Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Howgreatithaschanged!4.Helistenedtohisheartandsaidtherewasnothingseriouswrongwithhim.,serious,different,greatly,seriously,5.Usuallyatthebeginofameeting,wesangthenationalsong.6.WhenIheardthestepsoutside,Ihurriedlywentuptothewindowtoseewhopastby.,beginning,passed,错误类型例析(5)时态与语态错误,时态错误：根据语境用错时态;根据句子结构或句意用错时态;根据连词对称性原则用错时态及根据时间状语用错时态。解题时应根据特定的语境、特定的时间状语提示，正确调整时态。语态错误：是该用被动语态却用了主动语态或不能用于被动语态的词如happen,takeplace,occur,sellwell,belongto等却用了被动语态。,1.Doyouknowwhatsubjectstheystudywhiletheywereatcollege?2.ItwasalongtimesinceIsawTomatmyunclesandIdontknowwherehesbeenthesemonths.3.Theshiphardlylefttheportwhenaterriblestormcame.4.Thetimeissuretocomewhenmywordscometrue.,studied,is,had,will,5.Therulerequiresthateveryonehavehisbike,neworold,checkedonceayear.6.Therebytheriversittinganoldmanwhoseemedtobefishing.7.Youarewetallover.Youmusthavecaughtinthesuddenheavyrain.8.Inthesummerof1998,seriousfloodswereoccurredinmanypartsofChina.,has,sat,been,错误类型例析(6)非谓语动词错误,主要是不定式符号to的多余与遗漏，动名词作主语和介词宾语时误用原形动词，现在分词与过去分词的误用等。,1.WemustdoeverythingwecanhelpLinPinginhisfirstyearofteaching.2.Shedidnothingbutcriedallday.3.Jackwassaidtobemadestaybehindbyhisteacherafterschoolyesterday.4.Peopleexpecttheirelectingofficialstobehonest.,to,(cry),to,elected,6.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosetupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.7.DrTichauerhasdiscoveredthatusethesametoolsalldaylongformanyyearswillcauseseriousillnesses.8.Therewasnomorebuses,theyhadnochoicebuttowalkhome.,setting,using,being,错误类型例析(7)冗言错误,冗言错误是指受汉语的影响，句中用了多余的词，造成语义重复。主要有形容词副词比较级前用了多余的more，动词后接介词或副词造成语义重复以及句中使用多余的词等。,1.Ineverknewthataridedownarivercouldbesomuchexciting.2.Wemuststudyhardinordertoserveforthepeoplebetterinthefuture.3.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.4.TodayIvisitedtheSmiths-myfirsttimevisittoanAmericanfamily.,错误类型例析(8)连词错误,连词(conjunction)错误主要有并列连词and,but,or的误用、固定搭配中的连词使用错误以及根据上下文的关系连词使用错误等。解题时要根据词与词、句子与句子之间的关系来判断连接词的使用是否正确或是否多余或遗漏，要注意句子结构的完整性。,1.ItisaveryimportantexaminationbutIcantaffordtofailit.2.Thenewpersononthejobfeelsbetterafterheandshehasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.3.Insomeplacesyoucanborrowmanybooksasyouwant.4.Peopleinindustrialcountriescanexpecttolivefortwicesolongaspeoplewholivedafewhundredyearsago.,as,or,so,as,6.Mostpeoplecangethelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.7.ItsyearsafterIpaintedapicture.8.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.,but,since,when,Therewasonceafarmerworkedveryhard1._everyday.Onedaywhenhewashoeinginthe2._sunshine,hesuddenlylistenedalowsound3._“Peng!”.Heturnedandhurriedtothetree.Hefoundarabbitdying.Hetookheldofthe4._rabbitandwasexciting.“Whatarabbit!Ill5._haveittodinner!”Thenhehadagoodidea,6._“WhycantIwaitformorerabbitshere?Itscoolunderthetree.”Sohedroppedoffhishoeandwaitthere.Butdayafterday,there7._hadnomorerabbitscoming.Whatwasworse,8_allthehiscropsweredead.Thestorytells9._usthatyouwanttogetsomething,youmust10._workhardforit.Remember,“Nopains,nogains!”,who,heard,hold,excited,for,waited,were,the,if,错误类型例析(9)介词错误,介词错误有介词的遗漏、副词性和连词性词组前使用多余的介词及固定搭配中的介词误用等。,1.Willyoujoininusifwedecidetodothenewexperiment?2.LisawasworkingasasecretaryinabigfirmforthefirsttimeImether.3.Shegoestovisitherparentsinthecountryonceinamonth.4.Thediscoveryshesmadeinmedicineisgreatimportancetoscience.,(of),5.Shehadafeelingthatthesad-lookingmanwasnotapersonshecouldtrustortalk.6.IttookplaceintheafternoonwhenImetyouinthestreet.7.Wearehopingthataconcertwillsoonbegiven,onwhichtheworksofLisztwillbeplayed.8.CaribbeanmusicisquitepopularinBritain,anditisverygoodmusictodance.,(to),(on),(at),(to),错误类型例析(10)定语从句错误,从句中缺少作主语的关系代词。从句中使用了多余的人称代词。that与which的误用。关系代词与关系副词的误用。非限制性定语从句中使用人称代词、物主代词、指示代词。从句谓语动词的人称和数与先行词不一致。定语从句与强调句型误用。,1.Thefirstpassengershadleftthesinkingshipwerewomenandchildren.2.ThetechnicianstookasingledaytocompletetheworkIhadplannedtofinishitwithinaweek.3.Allofasuddenthelightswentoutinthedinning-room,wheretheguestswerehavingdinnerthere.4.Inclassourteacherspoketousaboutthewriterandhisworkswhichwerestillunknowntousall.,(who/that),(that),5.Idontthinkitisoneofthebestfilmsthathaseverbeenshownthisyear.6.Itwasnotuntil1979whenhegothappilybacktowork.7.Atthattimesomethingunexpectedhappenedtohisfamily,thismadeitnecessaryforhimtostopschoolandworkinsociety.8.IdecidedtowriteChaplin,oneofhisfilmsIhadseensevenyearsbefore.,(whose),(which),(that),(have),错误类型例析(11)主谓一致错误,谓语动词的人称和数与主语不一致。,1.Thenumberofpassengerskilledintheaccidentweresurprising.2.NoteverystudentinalltheclassesknowtheimportanceofmasteringtheEnglishlanguage.3.AllthroughhislifeEinsteinbelievedfightingandkillinginwarwerewrong.4.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyareagoodhabit.,(was),(knows),(was),(is),5.Althoughmanyofthehousesinthesmalltownarestillinneedofrepair,therehavebeenmuchimprovementintheirappearances.6.Thefirsttwoquestionsinthetestpaperweredifficult,buttherestwaseasy.7.Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausenothinghedoessatisfyhisboss.8.Anyonecanborrowbooksanditcostnothingtoborrowthem.,(has),(were),(satisfies),(costs),错误类型例析(12)名词性从句错误,主要是连接词的多余、遗漏和误用。,1.ItdidntmatterthatIwouldwinornot.2.Ifyouhearsomethingyoudontunderstand,justlistencalmly,anditwillhelpyoutomakeclearthatyoudontunderstand.3.Littleisknownabouthischildhoodexcepthebegantoworkinafactoryattheageoften.,(whether),(what),(that),5.Whattheoldmanssonwantedtoknowiswhythegoldhadbeenhidden.6.Whatmodernscienceandtechnologyhelpsthesocietyprogressisafactacceptedbymostpeople.7.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsisthatmymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousillness.8.Youreresponsibletowhomeverisinchargeofsales.,(That),(where),(whether),(whoever),错误类型例析(13)平行结构错误,在表达相同的概念是要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词想配（其时态及其他变化形式要一致），形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，短语与短语相配等。平行结构常借助于连词and,or,but,以及连词词组notonlybutalso,not.but,eitheror,aswellas,ratherthan等。,1.Helookedatthechildrenplayingunderthetreeandfeelingverypleased.2.Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowtallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.3.Ikeepabakeryopennottodobusinessbutmakesuretheshopissafe.,(felt),(gives),(to),6.Thefirstthingshecoulddowasgouptohertrainerandthankedherforallthehelpshehadgivenher.7.CharlesandLindaMansondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuildings.8.ItoldFather,Mother,Sister,allmyfriendswhatatimeIhad.,(thank),(climbing),(and),错误类型例析(14)词语误用,主要是对英语中的同义词、近义词辨认不清而造成的错误。,1.Theteachersawabrokencupandtriedtofindwhohadbrokenit.2.Itmakesyougoodtolieinthesunshineorswiminthesea.3.Shefixedalltheradiosbesidesthesmallestone,becausetherewerenopartsforit.4.Fromthefactwecansaywhosrightandwhoswrong.,(out),(well),(except),(tell),5.Pleaseopentheletterandtellmewhatitwrites.6.Theroomwastoocoldforaninety-year-oldwomantolivein,sotheymadeafiretogetthetemperaturerisen.7.Inmyopinion,theywerenotpossibletogiveupthechanceoftakingpartintheinternationalbookfair.8.IcouldntseeawordontheblackboardasIdidntsitcloselytoit.,(close),(likely),(raised),(about),错误类型例析(15)行文逻辑错误,行文逻辑错误是短文改错中最难的一种设计形式。要识别和改正这种错误，必须通篇考虑，从全文以及句与句之间的逻辑关系上去判断是否有与全文或句与句之间的语境不一致的错误表达。,Wedonthavetobedoctorsgivesomebody1._firstaid.Andwehavetoknowhowto2._dofirstaid.Ifitisquickandcorrectly3._given,wecansavesomebodyslife.Lastwinter,whenMikewastryingtoclimbthetree,4._helosthisfootingandfallingoffthetree.5._Oneofhislegswasbleedingbad.Itriedto6._givehimfirstaid.FirstItriedwithacleanclothandtiedmyhandkerchiefontothebleeding7._point.IaskhimtoholdupthelegwhenIranto8_callataxi.Hewassenttohospitalinthetime.9._AndthedoctorpraisedmewhatIhaddone.10_,to,But,quickly,a,fell,badly,asked,the,for,一、动词形,1.动词的时态和语态错误.2.主、谓不一致的错误。,高考链接：Whentheairmove,wehavewind.,moves,二、名词数,指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。,高考链接2：Wewritetoeachotherallthetimes.,time,三、还要注意形和副,修饰名词，be动词，系动词要用形容词修饰动词，形容词，过去分词，整个句子用副词比较级和最高级的使用,高考链接：ItisstillhardlyformetowriteinEnglish.,hard,四、代词格，细领悟,1.人称代词，物主代词的使用反身代词oneself的使用人称代词的主格和宾格不定代词的使用Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.6.Whose和whos，its和its的区别,高考链接：IheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.,us,五、介词短语须关注，习惯用法要记住,主要考查固定短语，固定介词的搭配。,高考链接：Themanissittingnexthisson.,to,.冠词a,an和the的用法错误连词but，and，or,so和although的用法错误,高考链接：Whatagoodnewsweveheard.2.Imsorry,andIwontbeabletocometonight.,but,六、冠词连词常光顾,AtChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochooseaChristmastree.Theychooseabigone.Itwasalmostastallerastheroom!Theyputtheminthecornerofthesittingroom.KatewascovereditwithalotofChristmaslight.Thesittingroomlookedreallybeautifullyatthemoment.Therewasafireburninginthefireplace,buttheChistmastreelightswereshinningbrightly.Jimandhisparentssinginganddancinghappily.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,AtChristmasEve,Jimwentwithhis1._fathertochooseaChristmastree.Theychoose2._abigone.Itwasalmostastallerastheroom!3._Theyputtheminthecornerofthesitting4._,_,on,_,chose,_,tall,_,it,动词形,介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住,还要注意形和副,代词格，细领悟,room.Katewascovereditwithalotof5._Christmaslight.Thesittingroomlooked6._reallybeautifullyatthemoment.Therewas7._afireburninginthefireplace,buttheChistmas8._treelightswereshinningbrightly.Jimandhis9._parentssinginganddancinghappily.10._,_,lights,_,beautiful,_,and,were,动词形,还要注意形和副,动词形,名词数,冠词连词须关注,Nowherearetheweatherreportforourcity.Tomorrowwillbefinewiththehightemperature3inthedaytime.Inthenights,thetemperaturewillfelldownbelowzero.Thetemperaturewillbe8.Thedaybeforetomorrow,therewillbethestrongwindandthetemperaturewillbelow.Itwillfalldownto10.Youhadbettertowearyourwarmclothes.Ifyouareadriver,youdbetterbemorecarefullywhenyouaredrivingbecausethestrongwind.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,Nowherearetheweatherreportforourcity.1._Tomorrowwillbefinewiththehightemperature2._3inthedaytime.Intheevenings,thetemperature3._willfelldownbelowzero.Thetemperature4._willbe8.Thedaybeforetomorrow,there5._,is,a,evening,fall,after,willbethestrongwindandthetemperaturewill6._below.Itwillfalldownto10.Youhad7._bettertowearyourwarmclothes.Ifyouarea8._driver,youdbetterbemorecarefullywhen9._youaredrivingbecausethestrongwind.10._,a,careful,of,