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第2课时高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意类题目,怎么考主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的写作目的和文章标题。常见的设问方式有：1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_.2.Thepassageismainlyabout_.3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_.,4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis_.5.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat_.6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?8.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?,怎么学在平时的阅读练习中，注意文章的体裁，把握作者的写作目的与思路，学会抓主题句、主题段，关注文章的首段、尾段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略读与细读的基本技巧，学会积累、寻找关键词像themostimportant，finally等，像概括类词therefore，inaword等。,怎么解做此类题目时做到：1.高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全；不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想。2.在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系；3.看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确；4.要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小。要避免以下三种错误：概括不够，过度概括，以事实细节替代概括性强的大意。,5.找主题句的四个小窍门：段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，inconclusion等。,【典例剖析1】体裁：说明文话题：房子与健康词数：380时间：8(2015新课标全国卷，B)Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.,Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whentheyreinpoorlylitplacesandsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesnthaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenitstimetorepaint，goblue.,Dontforgettheclockortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyoureatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwellpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.,【语篇解读】这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout_.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets答案B推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。,2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites答案B事实细节题。根据第三段“.peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。,3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.答案C事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turnonrelaxingmusic”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turnupthelights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintakejumpsby14percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。,4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?答案A标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。,【典例剖析2】体裁：议论文话题：社会生活词数：266时间：5(2014重庆卷，E)Itsgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbrulelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.,Itsundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情)，butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare，assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem，byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds，whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior？Ifourmindswereanopenbook，wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually，weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.,Moreover，wedontjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacterweinfercharactersthatwerenttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus，whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidnt.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.,Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake，peoplebecomewhattheydo，thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore，weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegutsadvice：“Wearewhatwepretendtobe，sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.”,【语篇解读】本文讲述了人的性格和态度决定人的行为。5.Accordingtothepassage，personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto_.A.determineonesbehaviorB.reflectonestasteC.influenceonessurroundingsD.resultfromoneshabits答案A事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“Itsgenerallybelievedthat.andattitude.”可知性格和态度决定一个人的行为，故选A。,6.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateoneshonesty.B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.答案A推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Itsundeniablethat.aboutwhoweare.”可知拾金不昧表明人的诚实，故选A。,7.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.答案B推理判断题。根据画线句子可知如果我们不重复利用的话，妻子和邻居会反对，可以推出我们会受外界压力的影响，故选B。,8.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.答案C主旨大意题。根据文章第一句话“Itsgenerallybelievedthat.andattitudes.”可知这是本文主题句，所以本文讨论了性格和行为的关系，故选C。,
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