资源描述
Unit3Inventorsandinventions,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.distinguishvt.有益convenientlyadv.便利地,方便地,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,6.cautionn.小心;谨慎cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的cautiouslyadv.小心地;谨慎地7.expectationn.预料;期待,期望expectvt.预料;期望8.passiveadj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的active(反义词)adj.主动的;积极的;主动语态的9.merryadj.愉快的,高兴的merrilyadv.高兴地,愉快地10.seizevt.抓住,捉住;夺11.criterionn.(评判的)标准;尺度criteria(pl.),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,12.filen.文件;档案;文件夹vt.提交;将归档13.identificationn.鉴定;辨认;身份证明identifyvt.确认;识别;鉴别vi.认同;一致identityn.身份;一致;特征14.innocentadj.清白的;无罪的;天真的innocencen.无罪;天真;清白15.bearvt.忍受,忍耐;负担;生育bore(过去式)born(e)(过去分词)bearableadj.可忍受的,可容忍的unbearableadj.难以忍受的,不能忍受的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,16.tapvt.本领,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.callup给打电话2.nowandthen偶尔,有时3.setabout开始,着手4.diveinto潜入;扑去;迅速把手伸入;一心投入5.setout(todo)开始(做)6.hangon不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住7.outoforder次序颠倒;发生故障8.getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过9.ringback回复电话10.ringoff挂断电话,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.我做的第一件事就是看是否有能帮助我的产品,但似乎只有一种专门用来杀死蛇的药粉。ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.2.第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起床了。ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.3.只有你得到这种承认,你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.4.(评定)专利标准是很严格的,除非新的想法真是新颖的,否则很难被接受。Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,5.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑中。Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.6.这项专利是1876年发布的,但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.,Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone,shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthattheyseemedto2.havemade(make)theirhomeneartheirhouse.Thewriterconsidered3.itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfby4.inventing(invent)somethingthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout5.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbe6.easily(easy)caught.However,herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.Asaresult,shehadtoattempt7.athirdtime,8.whichhelpedherfulfillheraimsuccessfully.Shewasso9.delighted(delight)thatshedeterminedtosendherinventiontothepatentofficetoget10.recognition(recognize)forhersuccessfulidea.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,distinguishvt.使自己出名Speechesdistinguishhumanbeingsfromanimals.人类和其他动物的区别在于人类会说话。Theydonotknowhowtodistinguishbetweenthesetwokindsofcontradictions.他们不知道如何区分这两种矛盾。Hedistinguishedhimselfbyhiscourage.他因勇敢而扬名。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸1.distinguishedadj.著名的,卓著的bedistinguishedfor.因而出名bedistinguishedas被称为;作为而出名2.distinguishableadj.易分辨的,能区分的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.分清楚语法规则和书面语言规则是很重要的。Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentherulesofgrammarandtheconventionsofwrittenlanguage.2.这对孪生子十分相像,让人无法分辨。Thetwinsweresomuchalikethatitwasimpossibletodistinguishonefromtheother.3.他因跳远而出名。Heisdistinguishedforlongjump.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,convenientadj.便利的,方便的;就近的Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。(教材原句P20)常见用法beconvenienttosb.对某人方便Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.某人方便做某事ifitisconvenienttoyou如果你方便的话Itisnotconvenientformetoringhimup.我现在不方便给他打电话。Comeandseemewheneveritisconvenienttoyou.只要你方便,随时过来看我。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸conveniencen.方便,便利;适宜;省事atonesconvenience在某人方便的时候forconvenience为了方便Comebytopickmeupatyourconvenience.你方便的时候,请来接我。现学活用完成句子1.我不知道你来这里是否方便。Idontknowifitisconvenientforyoutocomehere.2.如果你方便的话,请两点钟给我打电话。Ifitisconvenienttoyou,callmeattwooclock,please.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,seizevt.夺取;抓住(机会等);捉住Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.由于朋友和亲戚的敦促,我决定抓住这次机会(教材原句P21)常见用法seizeholdof抓住seizesth.fromsb.从某人那里夺取某物seizesb.bythe.抓住某人的(身体某部位)seizeon/uponsth.抓住(可利用的事物),利用Thepolicemanseizedhimbythearm.警察抓住了他的胳膊。Thecompanywasquicktoseizeonthepossibilitiesofferedbynewtechnology.该公司迅速抓住了新技术带来的机遇。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.他们突袭攻占了机场。Theyseizedtheairportinasurpriseattack.2.我们应该抓住机遇,尽最大的努力解决这个问题。Weshouldseizetheopportunity/chanceandtryourbesttosolvetheproblem.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,bearvt.忍受,忍耐;负担;生育Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue.我忍受不了烤架上烤香肠的味道。(教材原句P24)常见用法bearsb.todosth.容忍某人做某事cantbeardoing/todosth.无法忍受做某事bear(sth.)inmind记住;考虑到beartheresponsibility/blame承担责任/受责备Shecouldnotbearseeingthechildrenhungry.她不忍看到孩子们挨饿。Youshouldnthavetobeartheblameforotherpeoplesmistakes.你不必代人受过。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析1.bear表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”,侧重于表示“忍受沉重或难办的事”。Hecouldnotbearhiscompanytobeattackedlikethat.他不忍看到同伴受到那样的攻击。2.stand常与bear通用,但stand包含着“不退让”“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。HecanstandmorepainthananyoneelseIknow.他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。3.tolerate和stand都表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。tolerate的内涵是“为了和平或融洽而不反对”。Consideringhishomesituation,hehadtotoleratehiswife.考虑到家中的情形,他不得不忍让妻子。4.putupwith是普通用语,指容忍某些不愉快的或有轻微伤害的事情。Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecantputupwithit.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Bearing(bear)inmindthathesonlyten,Ithinkhedidverywell.2.Youmustbearitinmindthatyourparentshopetodependonyoutobecomeagooddoctor.3.Itwassaidthatshebore(bear)himthreesons.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,associatevt.联想;联系;联合vi.交往n.同伴,伙伴Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybodyslife.虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起,但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家,不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(教材原句P26)常见用法associatewithsb.与某人交往,与某人打交道associate.with.把和联系在一起beassociatedwith.和有关,与相联系,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。Inthechildrensmindssummerisassociatedwithpicnics.在孩子的心中,夏天是和野餐联系在一起的。拓展延伸associationn.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体inassociationwith.与合作;在的帮助下现学活用用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.Thecancerrisksassociated(associate)withsmokinghavebeenwelldocumented.2.Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,callup给打电话;使回忆起WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候,她感到很心烦。(教材原句P20)Yourlettercallsupthedayswhenweworkedtogetherfifteenyearsago.你的来信使我回忆起十五年前我们一起工作的日子。拓展延伸1.calloff取消,撤销callout大声说出callat(someplace)拜访(某地)callon(sb.)拜访(某人)callonsb.todosth.要求/号召/呼吁某人做某事callfor需求,需要;来取(某物);去接(某人)callin请来,找来,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.与打电话有关的短语:ring/callback回复电话ringoff挂断电话givesb.aring/call给某人打电话sb.bewantedonthephone有某人的电话answerthephone接电话hang/holdon不挂断电话holdtheline稍等getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)WhydontyoucallonmysisterwhenyoureinBrighton?你到了布莱顿何不顺便探望一下我姐姐呢?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用call构成的短语的适当形式填空1.Thesmelloftheseacalledupmemoriesofherchildhood.2.Rescuershadtocalloffthesearchbecauseofworseningweathercondition.3.Itsthesortofworkthatcallsforahighlevelofconcentration.4.TheMinistryofEducationcallsonstudentstoexerciseforanhoureveryday.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,setabout开始,着手Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。(教材原句P20)拓展延伸setoff出发;引发;引爆setout出发,动身;开始;打算setaside留出;拨出;不予考虑;把放在一边setdown记下,写下setup建立;创业IhopeIwillsetupmyownbusinesssomeday.我希望有一天我能自己创业。Sheisgoingtosetout/offforFranceatfiveoclockinthemorning.她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Shesetsouttobreak(break)theworldrecord.2.Wesetaboutcleaning(clean)upthemess.3.Afterbreakfast,myclassmatesandIsetoutforHongXingFarmandreceivedawarmwelcome.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过Icantgetthrough.我打不通电话。(教材原句P26)IttookusonlyafewminutestogetthroughtheCustoms.我们通过海关检查只花了几分钟时间。拓展延伸1.getinto进入;陷入;染上(习惯)getoff下车;脱下(衣服等);(使)动身;(飞机)起飞getalongwith.与相处getover越过(墙等);克服;从(病、损失等)中恢复过来getdowntodoing开始认真做,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.gothrough通过;检查;经历passthrough从中穿过;走过lookthrough浏览;仔细查看seethrough看穿,识破breakthrough突破Theactresshadtolearntogetoverherfearofthepublic.这位女演员必须学会不怯场。Shespentthewholenightlookingthroughthestudentshomework.她花了一晚上查看学生的作业。现学活用单句改错1.ItstimeIgotdowntothinkaboutthatessay.(think改为thinking)2.Hehasgreatdifficultytogettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.(to改为in或删除to),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,before引导的时间状语从句ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起床了。(教材原句P20)在before引导的时间状语从句中,因为before从句本身已含有否定的意思,所以谓语动词必须用肯定式。另外,根据before在句中的实际情况,从句译法有多种,具体可译为:还没来得及就(常与情态动词can,could连用);(之后)才;不久(就)。HerushedoutoftheroombeforeIcouldsayaword.我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。Itwasmidnightbeforehereturned.他半夜之后才回来。ItwasnotlongbeforeMartingottohisfeet.马丁不久就站了起来。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用before引导的时间状语从句完成句子1.我很抱歉你已经等了这么长时间,但是还要再过一段时间玛丽才能回来。Imsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllstillbesometimebeforeMarygetsback.2.趁我还没忘,我得把它写下来。BeforeIforgetit,Imustwriteitdown.3.你最好离开,不然我就要发火了。YoudbettergoawaybeforeIlosemytemper.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,“祈使句+and/or.+陈述句”句型Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑中。(教材原句P25)在“祈使句+and/or.+陈述句”结构中,前后为顺承关系时,用and或then;前后是转折关系时,用or,otherwise或orelse。这种句型可以改为if引导的条件状语从句。Lendherahand,andshewillbegratefultoyou.=Ifyoulendherahand,shewillbegrateful.帮她一把,她会感激的。Sendanemailtoyourparents,ortheywillgetannoyed.=Ifyoudontsendanemailtoyourparents,theywillgetannoyed.给你的父母发个电子邮件,不然他们会生气的。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用and或or填空1.Loseonehourinthemorning,andyouwillbelookingforittherestoftheday.2.Readthisstory,andyouwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.3.Dontturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.,一、单句填空1.(2015广东高考改编)DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesitsimportanttodistinguishtelevisionsinfluencesonchildrenthoseofthefamily.1.from。句意:著名的心理学家丹尼尔安德森认为把电视对孩子的影响和家庭对孩子的影响区分开是非常重要的。distinguish.from.“把和区分开”。2.(2015陕西高考改编)Theyareindifferenttothe(convenient)causedtoothers.2.inconvenience。句意:他们对给别人造成的不便很冷漠。根据句意可知,空处应该表示造成的不便,故用inconvenience。3.(2015浙江高考改编)Findsomething,diveit,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,goontosomethingelse.3.into。句意:找到一些书,一心投入进去,吸取精华部分,摒弃其糟粕,然后从中获得你能得到的东西,继续去看其他书。固定搭配diveinto意为“投入”。,4.(2015湖北高考改编)OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythe(wealthy)familyoftheNetherlands.4.wealthiest。句意:其中搬过来的有布伦宁克迈耶一家,他们是当时荷兰最富裕的家庭。oftheNetherlands为限定范围,所以此处应用形容词的最高级。5.(2015湖南高考改编)Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirt(practical)buriedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.5.practically。句意:这当然引发了新的问题:灰尘实际上覆盖了芝加哥每栋大楼的第一层楼。此处应用副词practically“实际上”,修饰动词buried。6.(2015北京高考改编)Butitisusefultobearinmindallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.6.that。句意:但是记住这一点是很有用的:所有的变化来自于科技的进步,而非父母想将子女保护在自己的羽翼下的愿望。bearsth.inmind“把记在心里”。此处所填词引导的宾语从句作bear的宾语,从句不缺少句子成分,故用that来连接。,7.(2015上海高考改编)Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwho(seize)opportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.7.seizes。句意:相反,他们着重讲年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会成为出色的领导。在定语从句中,seize与becomes为并列关系,应用第三人称单数形式。8.(2015湖北高考改编)Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehis(identify)whenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.8.identity。句意:在执行一项秘密任务时,他给自己起了一个新名字来掩盖身份。identity“身份”。9.(2014江苏高考改编)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatworkwhereagood(impress)isamust.9.impression。所填词被good修饰,应填名词impression。此处指“一个好的印象”。,10.MrGreen,forlifehadbeenveryhard,donatedhispossessionstoearthquake-hitfamilies.10.whom。先行词MrGreen在从句中作介词for的宾语,故用关系代词whom引导。句意:尽管格林先生生活艰难,但他还是把自己的财产捐给了在地震中受灾的家庭。,二、单元话题微写作发明与专利根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1.我父母打来电话说他们不能忍受房子周围的噪音。(callup;bear)2.为了表现一下自己,我抓住这次机会发明了一种消声器(silencer)。(distinguishoneself;seize)3.在朋友们的催促下,我打电话联系了专利局,声称我的发明十分牢固,而且使用方便,从不发生故障。(getthrough;claim;stable;convenient;outoforder)4.结果我的产品符合他们的标准,获得了专利。(satisfyonescriteria;patent)5.我很高兴自己没有辜负父母的期望。(liveuptoonesexpectations),Myparentscalledmeupandtoldmethattheycouldntbearthenoisearoundourhouse.Todistinguishmyself,Iseizedthechanceandinventedanewtypeofsilencer.Pressedbymyfriends,Igotthroughtothepatentoffice,claimingitwasstableandconvenienttouse,andneveroutoforder.Asaresult,myproductsatisfiedtheircriteriaandIgotapatent.IwasveryhappythatIliveduptomyparentsexpectations.,
展开阅读全文