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Unit4Globalwarming,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.consumevt.消费;消耗,耗尽;吃完consumptionn.消费;消耗consumedadj.耗尽的2.phenomenonn.现象phenomena(pl.)3.subscribevt.签署(文件);捐助vi.同意;捐赠;订阅subscriptionn.捐助;订阅;签名4.quantityn.量;数量quality(形近词)n.质量5.tendvt.照顾;护理vi.趋向;易于;照顾tendencyn.倾向;趋势6.opposevt.反对;反抗;(与某人)较量opposedadj.反对的,对立的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,7.consequencen.结果;后果;影响consequentadj.作为结果的;随之发生的consequentlyadv.作为结果地;随之发生地8.statevt.陈述,说明n.状态,情况;国家;州statementn.陈述,说明9.rangen.种类;范围vi.在范围内变化10.glancevi.看一下;扫视n.一瞥11.steadyadj.平稳的,稳固的;持续的steadilyadv.平稳地;持续地12.widespreadadj.分布广泛的;普遍的13.averageadj.平均的n.平均数14.existencen.生存;存在existvi.生存;存在,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,15.advocatevt.拥护;提倡,主张n.拥护者,支持者advocationn.拥护;提倡,主张mitmentn.承诺;交托;信奉commitvt.承诺;托付,交付17.pollutionn.污染,弄脏pollutevt.污染,弄脏18.growthn.增长;生长growvi.生长grew(过去式)grown(过去分词)19.electricaladj.电的,与电有关的electricityn.电,电流electronicadj.电子的,电子学的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,20.circumstancen.环境;情况21.educatorn.教育工作者;教育家educationn.教育educationaladj.教育的,有教育意义的22.contributionn.贡献contributevt.不一致disagreevi.不同意agree(反义词)vt.造成2.subscribeto同意,赞成;订阅3.quantitiesof/aquantityof大量的4.goup上升,增长;升起5.resultin导致6.beopposedto反对7.evenif即使8.keepon继续9.onthewhole大体上,基本上10.onbehalfof代表一方;作为的代言人11.putupwith忍受,容忍12.solongas只要,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,13.andsoon等等14.buildup聚集,集结,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.如果没有温室效应,地球(的温度)会比现在(的温度)低33摄氏度左右。Withoutthe“greenhouseeffect”,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.2.毫无疑问全球在变暖,而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的,并非一种无规律的自然现象。Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.3.只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着;如果不用就把它关掉!ItsOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingitifnot,turnitoff!4.所有科学家都赞同这种观点:人们为了生产能量而燃烧诸如煤、天然气和石油这类化石燃料,从而引起了地球温度的升高。Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearthstemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.,Tpared(compare)toothernaturalchanges.Sohowhasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?Allscientistssubscribetotheview2.thattheincreaseintheearthstemperatureisdueto3.theburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.Somebyproductsofthisprocess4.arecalled(call)“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantoneof5.whichiscarbondioxide.Whenhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxide6.are(be)addedintotheatmosphere,moreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmosphere7.causing(cause)theglobaltemperaturetogoup.Tpletely(complete)different.Somethinkthatthetrendwhichincreasesthetemperaturewouldbeacatastrophe.Othersareopposed9.tothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecades10.orcenturies.Allinall,greenhousegasesarecontinuingtobuildupintheatmosphere.Nooneknowsexactlytheeffectsofglobalwarming.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,subscribevt.签名;捐助vi.订阅;同意,赞成;捐赠;认购(股份等)Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearthstemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.所有的科学家都赞同这种观点:人们为了生产能量而燃烧诸如煤、天然气和石油这类化石燃料,从而引起了地球温度的升高。(教材原句P26)常见用法subscribeto订阅(报纸、杂志等);赞同,同意(多用于疑问句和否定句);定期捐款subscribe.to.在上签署;向捐款subscribefor认购(股票等),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Theauthoritiesnolongersubscribetotheviewthatdisabledpeopleareunsuitableasteachers.当局不再支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。Hesubscribedalargesumtotherelieffund.他向救济基金捐赠巨资。Eachofussubscribedfor500shares.我们每人认购500股。现学活用写出划线词语的含义1.Theschoolhassubscribedtomanykindsofnewmagazinesfortheteachers.订阅2.Hesubscribedhisnametothecontract.在上签名3.Noonebutmadpeoplewouldsubscribetosuchviews.同意,赞同4.Wesubscribetoananimalprotectionsociety.向定期捐款,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,tendvt.照顾,照料vi.易于;趋向,倾向;照顾,照料Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中,从而引起全球温度上升。(教材原句P26)常见用法tendtodosth.易于做某事;往往会做某事tendto/towardssth.有的趋势,倾向于Oldpeopletendtogetfat.老年人容易发胖。Modernfurnituredesigntendstosimplicity.现代家具设计趋向简单。拓展延伸tendencyn.倾向,趋势haveatendencytodosth.易于做某事;往往会做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用tend的适当形式填空1.Manypeopleholdmistakenbeliefsaboutthereasonforcancer,tendingtothinkitisenvironmentalfactorsratherthanpersonalbehavior.2.IneverforgetthedayswhenIwastendedbythevillagerswhenIwaswounded.3.Thegirlisnicebutshehasatendencytotalktoomuch.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,opposevt.反对,反抗Ontheotherhand,therearethose,likeGeorgeHambley,whoareopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.在另一方面,还有一些人,像科学家乔治汉布利,反对上面的观点,他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。(教材原句P27)常见用法oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事Fatherdoesnotopposetheideaatall.父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸1.opposedadj.反对的,对立的beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事2.objectto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事beagainststh.反对某事Iamopposedtogoingshoppingwithothers.我反对与他人一起外出购物。Ireallyobjecttobeingchargedforparking.我非常反对收停车费。现学活用单句填空1.Thecommitteeistotallyopposedtoanychangesbeingmadeintheplans.2.ThePresidentopposesgiving(give)militaryaidtothiscountry.3.Theprofessor,opposed(oppose)tocarryingouttheproject,madeacommentonthereport.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,statevt.陈述,说明n.状态,状况,情形;国家;政府;州Infact,Hambleystates,“Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositivething.”汉布利实际上是这样说的:“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事”。(教材原句P27)常见用法1.Itisstatedthat.据陈述,据说明asstatedabove如上所述2.inagood/badstate状态良好/不好inastateofshock处于休克/震惊的状态中inapoorstateofhealth健康状况欠佳ThewitnessstatedthatshehadneverseenMrSmith.证人宣称她以前从未见过史密斯先生。Thedriverwasinastateofshock.司机正处于休克状态。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.如上文所说,幸福和财富来源于你的想法。Asstatedabove,thehappinessandfortunecomefromyourmind.2.她健康欠佳,她的母亲非常担心。Sheisinapoorstateofhealth,whichworrieshermothermuch.3.严冬过后,这些公路的路况极差。Theroadsareinaterrible/badstateaftertheseverewinterweather.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,averageadj.平均的;平常的n.平均数;平均水平Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearthssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15.温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15。(教材原句P29)常见用法anaverageof平均为above/below(the)average在一般水准以上/下upto(the)average达到一般水准on(the)average平均起来;一般说来Tomsworkatschoolisabovetheaverage.汤姆的功课在学校是中等偏上。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.TheseSenior3studentstookatotalof20examinations,anaverageof5eachmonth.2.Onaverageacowproduces40glassesofmilkdaily.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,advocatevt.拥护;提倡n.拥护者,支持者However,Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday.然而,我依然认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。(教材原句P30)常见用法1.advocate(doing)sth.主张(做)某事advocatethat.主张,倡导(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)2.anadvocateof.的拥护者Manyexpertsadvocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings(should)befittedwithsmokedetectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟雾探测器。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Thisjudgeisastrongadvocateofprisonreform.这位法官是监狱改革的坚决拥护者。现学活用句型转换1.Theministeradvocatedachangeofthetaxlaws.Theministeradvocatedchangingthetaxlaws.2.Someeducatorsadvocatedrewardingchildrenfortheirgreatperformance.Someeducatorsadvocatedthatchildren(should)berewardedfortheirgreatperformance.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,circumstancen.环境;情况Recyclecans,bottles,plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto.如果情况允许的话,把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。(教材原句P30)常见用法in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下;情况既然如此inanycircumstances在任何情况下in/undernocircumstances决不,无论如何都不(放句首时用倒装语序)Dontopenthedoor,inanycircumstances.在任何情况下都不要开门。Wemustundernocircumstancesgiveuphalfway.我们绝不能半途而废。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.在这种情况下没有人能帮助他。Nobodycanhelphimin/underthecircumstances.2.你在任何情况下都不能离开岗位。In/Undernocircumstancesmustyouleaveyourpost.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,rangen.批,组,类;范围,幅度vi.在范围内变化常见用法1.arangeof一类,一批,一套awide/broad/wholerangeof各种不同的beyond/outofonesrange超出某人的范围withinonesrange在某人范围之内2.rangefrom.to.处在到范围内rangebetween.and.处在和之间Wehavestudentsfromawiderangeofbackgrounds.我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。Suchadecisionisnotwithintherangeofmyresponsibility.做这样的决定不属于我的职责范围。Costsrangefrom50to700pounds.花费在50英镑到700英镑之间。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.这所房子的价格远远超出我们能承受的范围。Thepriceofthehouseiswellbeyondourrange.2.这个队有10名队员的年龄在10岁至16岁之间。Theteamcontainedtenplayerswhoseagesrangedbetween10and16.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,comeabout发生;造成Sohowhasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?那么,这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢?会有什么影响吗?(教材原句P26)Howdiditcomeaboutthatheknewwherewewere?他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢?Howdidthisdangerousstateofaffairscomeabout?这种危险的事态是怎么发生的?词义辨析eabout常指不受控制的事情的发生,相当于happen。常用句型:“Howdoes/diditcomeaboutthat.?”意为“是怎样发生的?”2.happen强调事件发生的偶然性。3.takeplace强调必然性或按实际的安排或计划而发生。4.breakout指灾难性的事件,如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发。5.occur指意想不到的事情的发生,是相当正式的用词,很少用在口语中。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用根据所给汉语意思填入适当的动词或动词短语1.Itsalready10oclock.Iwonderhowitcameabout(发生)thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.2.Justthenabrightideaoccurred(出现)tome.3.Ihappened(碰巧)tomeethimintheboilerroomyesterday.4.Ifawarbrokeout(爆发),manyothercountrieswouldbeaffected.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,quantitiesof大量的,许多的(修饰可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数)Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量额外的二氧化碳时,问题就来了。(教材原句P26)Smallquantitiesofpoisonweredetectedinthedeadmansstomach.在死者胃中发现了少量的毒药。拓展延伸aquantityof许多的,大量的(修饰可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数)inlargequantities大量地inquantity大量地Itscheapertobuygoodsinquantity.大宗购物比较便宜。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?Becauselargequantities(quantity)ofwaterhavebeenpolluted.2.Asaresultofpeoplesdestroyingtheforest,alargequantityofdeserthascoveredtheearthinrecentyears.3.Doyougiveadiscountifwebuyitinlargequantities(quantity)?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,resultin导致Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.他们还赞同下述观点,正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(教材原句P26)拓展延伸1.resultfrom.由造成,因而产生asaresult结果asaresultof.由于withtheresultthat.其结果是withoutresult没有结果;白费2.leadto导致;(道路)通向bringabout造成,引起,导致cause导致;引起,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Hisillnessresultedfromeatingbadfood.他的病是吃了变质食物引起的。现学活用完成句子1.这次事故造成了三人死亡。Theaccidentresultedinthreepeoplebeingkilled.2.艾丽斯今天早上睡过了头,结果上班迟到了。Aliceoversleptthismorning.Asaresult,shewaslateforwork.3.我迟到了,因此我没能赶上火车。Iwaslate,withtheresultthatImissedmytrain.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,keepondoing继续做;反复做Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量,在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内,气候仍会持续转暖。(教材原句P27)拓展延伸goondoing=continuedoing/todosth.继续做某事keepdoingsth.一直做某事(强调持续状态)keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepitup继续干下去,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.过去那位雇主让他们整天干活。Theemployerkeptthemworkingalldayinthepast.2.大雨未能阻止他们看足球赛。Theheavyraindidntkeepthemfromwatchingthefootballmatch.3.干得好!继续好好干吧!Welldone!Keepitup!,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,solongas(=aslongas)只要ItsOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingitifnot,turnitoff!只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着;如不用,就把它关掉!(教材原句P30)so/aslongas引导条件状语从句,相当于onconditionthat,providedthat或if(只要,如果)。Idontmindaslongasitdoesntrain.只要不下雨就行了。Aslongasyoudrivecarefully,youwillbeverysafe.如果你小心开车,你就会很安全。拓展延伸aswellas也,和;与一样好asgoodas几乎;与一样好asfaras就而言,至于;远至assoonas一就;如那么早/快,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.他工作和熟练工人一样出色。Heworksaswellasaskilledworker.2.这台旧机器维护得很好,看起来像新的一样。Theoldmachineiswellmaintainedandlooksasgoodasnew.3.据我所知,她并没请假。AsfarasIknow,shedidnotaskforadayoff.4.我的书你要借多久都随你的便。Youcankeepmybookas/solongasyoulike.5.我想要尽快见你。Idliketoseeyouassoonaspossible.,一、单句填空1.(2015福建高考改编)Sometimeswehavea(disagree)withpeople.1.disagreement。haveadisagreementwithsb.“与某人有分歧”。2.(2014广东高考改编)Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts,with500(subscribe)fromWestAfricatoNewZealand.2.subscribers。subscriber“订户,签署者,捐献者”,此处应用复数形式。句意:他甚至创立了一个由海滩流浪者和海洋专家组成的协会,有来自从非洲到新西兰的500名会员。3.(2014辽宁高考改编)Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthe(tend)tomakenotes“mindlessly”bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.3.tendency。空前有the修饰,应用名词。句意:研究人员进行试验是为了发现,使用掌上电脑是否能够通过逐字记录教授讲座内容增加“无须动脑”记笔记的可能性。,4.(2014浙江高考改编)Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingitthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecamestatein1850.4.a。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指。句意:去年这里的平均降水量为18.75厘米,这使得去年成为加利福尼亚自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。5.(2014福建高考改编)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperiencefor(grow).5.growth。growth为名词,意为“生长,成长”。句意:学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。6.(2014四川高考改编)Thisis(oppose)tothe“earlybird”schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.6.opposed。beopposedto“与不同,而不是,反对”。句意:这与“早起者”的时间安排不同,是一种个人熬夜时间超过午夜的紊乱状况。,7.(2014广东高考改编)Aftercountlessinterviewsand(presentation),Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.7.presentations。presentation作可数名词,表示“陈述,描述”。8.(2013山东高考改编)Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthat(consumer)ofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.8.consumers。consumer为可数名词,此处用复数表示泛指。句意:他做的一项调查表明,其他快餐连锁店的消费者不愿意离开它们。9.(2013浙江高考改编)Ifelt(mild)victoriousthatIgotthroughtherestofclasswithoutcrying,butatmynextfreeperiodIhadtofacehim.9.mildly。mildly“适度地,略微,有点儿”。句意:令我还有些成就感的是我终于顺利地上完了课,而且也没有哭,但下一节课不得不面对他了。,10.(2013重庆高考改编)Itisfilledwithsymbioticexistences,too;unimaginable(quantity)ofcreatures,littleandlargealike,mixwithinitsdepthsinakindofoceanicharmony,givingtothewatersafeelingofheartbeat,akindofsub-oceanvitality.10.quantities。quantitiesof“大量的”为固定短语。,二、单元话题微写作环境保护根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1.科学家赞同全球变暖会导致不良后果。(subscribeto;resultin;badenvironmentalconsequences)2.他们倾向于拥护用节省能源和回收废料的方法保护环境。(tendto;advocate)3.他们建议我们使用节省能源的器具,如电力发动机、微波炉等。(appliance;electricalmotor;microwave;andsoon)4.他们还建议我们不要对如回收罐子这种小事漫不经心。(becasualabout)5.只要每个人都做出贡献,我们就不必再忍受空气污染了。(solongas;makeacontribution;putupwith),Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthatglobalwarmingresultsinbadenvironmentalconsequences.Theytendtoadvocateprotectingourenvironmentbysavingenergyandrecyclingwaste.Itissuggestedthatweuseenergy-savingappliancessuchaselectricalmotors,microwavesandsoonandnotbecasualaboutlittlethingslikerecyclingacan.Solongaseverybodymakesacontribution,wewillnothavetoputupwithairpollutionanymore.,
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