《定语从句及练习》PPT课件.ppt

,定语从句及练习,定语从句,概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.,(Attributiveclause),Maryisabeautifulgirl.,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句,Maryisagirl.,Maryhaslonghair.,合并为一个句子,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,1.Themanisaworker.,2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,合并句子:,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,关系代词,关系副词,which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when,why,当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.,Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.,当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.,Thisisthestudentwho/that/whomImetyesterday.,一。关系代词引导的定语从句,who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who作定语从句的主语或宾语.,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Themanisaworker.,Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,分解,作主语,Whom作定语从句的宾语,Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Theywantedtovisitthewoman.,分解,作宾语,whose作定语从句的定语.,Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.,分解,Iknowthegirl.,Thegirlsmotherisateacher.,作定语,“whosen.”引导定语从句时，可换成“then.ofwhom/which”或“ofwhom/whichthen.”。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.Helivesinabighousefacesthesea.Helivesinabighousefacesthesea.,thewindowofwhich,ofwhichthewindow,that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,TheteacherthatteachesusEnglishisMissChai.Thethiefthatthepolicemancaughtisaten-year-oldboy.,当先行词是时间时,用when引导.,Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.,当先行词是原因时,用why引导.,Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.,当先行词是地点时，用where引导,ThisisthecitywhereIlived10yearsago,二。关系副词引导的定语从句,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Ioncelivedinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Thisisthebook(which)theteachergaveyouyesterday.,难点链接,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.8.why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.,难点链接,Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._,Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.,Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.,Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.,Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?,三。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,Theschoolheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.,(which/that),Theschoolheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,Theschoolheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.,inwhich,which,ThisistheboyIplayedtenniswithyesterday.,ThisistheboyIplayedtennisyesterday.,(whom/who/that),withwhom,四。“代词或者数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。代词有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等。数词有one等。,Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.,Wehavetwospareroomsupstairs,neitherofwhichhasbeenmuchusedinthepasttwoyears.我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎么用。,Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.,Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.,Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.,Idontknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.,五。关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。,Idontknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.,why,forwhich,关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,，by，during)+which;where=in(at,on，from)+which;why=forwhich.如：IwasinBeijingonthedayhearrived.Theofficeheworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwedidit.,when(=onwhich),where(=inwhich),why(=forwhich),注意：fromwhere为“介词关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor，_hecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.,fromwhere,巩固练习：Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.（04上海）A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom2.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.（04全国I）AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich3.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_fivearemine.（04全国IV）AonwhichBinwhichCofwhichDfromwhich4.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.（04广西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich,A,D,C,C,六。以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。,Thewayheansweredthequestionswassurprising.,(that/inwhich),七。注意thesameas/suchas的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.,当先行词前有such,so,as时，关系词应当用as。如：Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesntunderstand.HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.Atthistimeoftheday,allbuseshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.Letsdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.,另需注意：ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.（定语从句）ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.（结果状语从句）,Heissuchacleverboy_cansolveallthequestions.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_interestsallstudents.Thisissodifficultaquestion_noonecanworkout.Heissopopularaperson_weallliketotalkwith.Iboughtthesamecar_heisdriving.,as,as,as,as,as,八.非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别1.限定性定语从句1)对先行词起限制、确定作用。与先行词有不可分割的联系。没有定语从句，先行词的意义就不明确，不完整。2)关系代词及关系副词whichwho(whom)whosethatwhenwherewhyas3)先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号4)关系代词作宾语时可以省略,2.非限定性定语从句1)只对先行词作补充说明，与先行词只有松散的联系。没有定语从句，主句和先行词的意义仍然清楚。2)关系代词及关系副词whichwho(whom)whosewhenwhereas3)通常有逗号4)关系代词作宾语时不能省略,eg.Wedontliketheroom,whichiscold.我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。Thisisaprettyflower,whosenameIdontknow.这是一种很美的花，我不知道它叫什么名字。,1.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,3.Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,4.Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.,所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思,（不只一位姐姐）,（只有一位姐姐）,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,Fillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.4.Xian,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_hewontbesobusy.6.Theschool,_Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.,who,whom,which,which,when,where,which,九。关系代词as和which引导的定语从句,as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是,1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.,Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.,2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.,Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.,John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.,ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.,注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：,Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.,Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.,十.定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句是位于名词answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位语从句不可用which引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。Thefactthatshehasntknowntheresultoftheexaminationisclear.Thefact(that/which)shetoldmeyesterdayisveryimportant.,十一.非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（04湖北）AthelargerBthelargerofthemCthelargeronethatDthelargerofwhich,要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了。,D,巩固练习：Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.（04辽宁）AofwhichBwhichofCofthemDofthat2.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.（05全国卷1）AofthemBfromwhichCwhoofDofwhom,A,D,题2也可以改为：someofwhomarebusinessmen.如果在之前加上连词and，就只能用someofthem，而且不能倒装。,Exercise1,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayAlicewaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,用关系代词填空,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,10.Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.11.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.12.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.13.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,14.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.15.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?16.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.17.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,注意：1.关系代词做动词的宾语时可以省略,Thewoman(who/whom/that)theywanttovisitisateacher.Thebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayiseveryinteresting.,2.That不能直接用在介词后面Thehouseinwhichwelivewassold.,3.从句中谓语动词的数由先行词决定。Thesingerwho-fromChinaisverygreat.(come)Thelittletreeswhich-aroundourschoolwereplantedlastyear.(be),下列情况只能用that,1.序数词或最高级adj修饰先行词时,TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.,Itisthefirstthingthatwemustdo.,下列情况只能用that,2.all,everything,nobody,few,little,much，anything，nothing,none,theone等不定代词作先行词时,Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,3.先行词（指物的）前面有all,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,等词修饰时Theresnodifficultythatwecantovercome.Ivereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.,4.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thenext修饰时。ThisistheonlythingthatFatherboughtforme.,5.当先行词即指人又指物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonandthebookthatinterestedthem.,6当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whichisthecarthatwetookyesterday?Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry?,7.当主句以Therebe结构开头时，或关系代词在therebe结构中作实义主语，先行项为物Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.,8.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时Chinaisntthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.,9.当先行词是基数词时YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.,只能用which，不用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.2.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.,只能用whom，不用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从中。例如：Mr.BrownismyEnglishteacher,whomIsawyesterday.2.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是人时。例如：Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeof_comefromUS.。,whom,只用who不用that的情况,a.先行词是one,ones或anyone时Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.,只用who不用that的情况,b.先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.,c.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.,d.在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.,单项填空1.-Doyouknowtheman_istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，hesourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_Icanswim？A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it,B,B,C,4.Canyoulendmethedictionary_theotherday？A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone_withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything_ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who,A,C,A,7.Theman_coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.whosB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.8.Thegirl_isreadingunderthetree_mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was9.Iloveplaces_thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who,B,C,C,10.Thestoryhetoldwasveryinteresting.AwhatBwhichCwhoDwhom11.Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.A.thoseB.whenC.thatD.who12.Iliketheplacesitsnotcoldinwinter.A.whichB.thoseC.whereD.this,B,B,C,13.Thebookhelenttomeisveryuseful.A.itB.whichC.whatD.whose14.Thisisthefactorywevisitedyesterday.A.itB.whereC.thatD.one15.Thisistheonlythinghegaveme.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.it,B,C,C,16.Doyouknowthemusicianhairisverylong.17.Idontknowthegirlisstandingunderthetree.18.TheoldmanItalkedtojustnowisascientist.AwhoBwhoseCwhomDthat,B,A,C.D,A,D,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.,Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.,3.她是我在这个城市所认识的唯一的一个女人.,SheistheonlywomanthatIknowinthecity.,4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,5.哪一本是你想看的书.,Whichisthebook(that)youwanttoread?,6。我的英语老师布朗先生去年来中国的,MrBrownismyEnglishteacher,whocamechinalastyear.,7.他说从未见过她有点不真实。,Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.,Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupintheearthquake.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers.TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark.Jimaskedthatwhowonthematch.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.,改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）,has,that,that,where,which,which,过关落实1.Somepreschoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter，_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D2.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat解析：afterwhich引导定语从句，which指上面的句子Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，表示“在当地高中受教育后上了北京大学”。答案：A,3.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where解析：先行词是activity，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种活动中”，故选where。答案：D4.Wheredidyougettoknowher?Itwasonthefarm_weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where解析：where引导定语从句修饰thefarm，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D,5.Thebookwaswrittenin1946，_theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen解析：1946是先行词，when引导定语从句，由句意可知，关系词前应加since，译为“自从那时”。答案：D6.Byservingothers，apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself，_canbeveryrewarding.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。答案：B,7.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking，thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which解析：ofwhich指ofthethreebooksoncooking；of结构提前，指物时关系代词用which。答案：B8.TheBeatles，_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember，camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as解析：as引导非限制性定语从句。答案：D,9.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty，andoneofthemcameuptous，_wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich解析：当介词结构(to)提前，指人时，关系代词用whom。答案：B10.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection_shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich解析：“从哪个方向来”为comefromthedirection，变为定语从句时from提前，用which引导定语从句。答案：D,11.Itisfarbetterforonetodrinkmilk，_onegetshealthfulnutrients，thantodrinkcoffee，_containsnonutrientsatall.A.what；whatB.where；asC.fromwhich；whichD.inwhich；what解析：根据句意“人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分”可知，第一个空应填fromwhich；两个从句都是非限制性定语从句，指物时，关系代词用which，故选C项。答案：C12.LastOctoberChinalauncheditssecondmannedspaceshipShenzhou，_twoChineseastronautstraveledinspaceforfivedays.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.bywhichD.fromwhich解析：先行词为Shenzhou，定语从句表示“两名宇航员来此飞船”，故用inwhich。答案：A,13.Theauthorsofcomputervirusesaregeniuses.Iagree.Theycanapplytheirwisdomtoothernettechnology_humanbeingscanbenefit.A.inwhichB.throughwhichC.onwhichD.fromwhich解析：benefitfrom，从中获益，获得好处；from提前且定语从句先行词为物时，用which。答案：D14.TodaysSichuanhasbecomearepresentativeofthewestdevelopment，aplace_hopesandopportunitieshavereplacedpovertyandbackwardness.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there解析：where引导定语从句，且在句中作地点状语。答案：C,15.Theirgoodsareexchangedforsuchmachineryandequipment_weneedtobuyabroad.A.thatB.whatC.asD.which解析：such.as.意思是“像这样的”，as作关系代词，引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作need的宾语；而such.that.中的that引导结果状语从句只起引导作用，不在句子中作成分。答案：C,Thankyou!,Bye-bye,