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黑龙江同江市2017高考英语阅读理解暑假练习【4】阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。In business, there is a speed difference: Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size .Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.( ) 1. What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Increase the speed. B. Get an advantage. C. Reach the limit. D. Set a goal.( ) 2. The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. spending more time and performing worse.B. spending more time and performing betterC. spending less time and performing worse D. spending less time and performing better ( ) 3. What can we learn from the text? A. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.( ) 4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Improve quality? Serve better. B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.C. Reduce time? Move faster. D. Need speed? Slow down.【参考答案】1-4、BDCD 阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。During times of trouble, Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke from a small room without a fireplace in the White House basement to millions of Americans. In his calm and conversational manner, he reassured（使恢复信心）the nation in the depths of the Great Depression（大萧条）and through a World War.Saul Bellow described his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt, hold the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality.“I can recall walking eastward on the Chicago Midway drivers had pulled over, parking bumper to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear Roosevelt. They had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. Everywhere the same voice, its odd Eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered Midwesterners. You could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. You felt joined to these unknown drivers, men and women”The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933. Between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. Every bank in America had been closed for at least eight days. Its hard for us to imagine. It was the hardest time of the Great Depression.The “Fireside” was symbolic（象征性的; most of the chats came from a small room in the White House basement. Frances Perkins, Roosevelts Secretary of Labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts: “His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.”In that first radio visit, Roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked: “When you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safedeposit vault（金库房. It invests your money in many different forms of creditbonds, mortgages.” He went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day.1. The main purpose of the article is to .A. give examples of the power of radio broadcastingB. make people examine their attitudes toward moneyC. suggest that Roosevelt was Americas greatest presidentD. show how Roosevelt reassured Americans during hard times答案解析：答案为D。本题为主旨大意题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述美国总统罗斯福在困难时期如何恢复人们的信心。第一段为本文的中心段落，后面的内容都是围绕本段展开。故答案为D。 2. According to the article, the Fireside Chats raised the hopes of Americans because President Roosevelt .A. spoke to them in a friendly and confident toneB. explained to them how to invest their moneyC. was open about his own fears for the countryD. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems答案解析：答案为A。本文为细节题。从第一段的第二句话 “In his calm and conversational manner, .”可知，与此意思最接近的就是选项A。3. The name “Fireside Chats” was probably intended to .A. demand listeners to protect resourcesB. encourage spirited discussion among listenersC. request people to desire for hope and reassuranceD. persuade Americans to talk with their families 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从文章第四段首句 “The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933.”可知，Fireside Chats主要是帮助人们恢复希望和信心。故答案为C。4. Saul Bellows description of his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt shows .A. how popular and encouraging Roosevelts Fireside Chats were B. how easily Roosevelts Fireside Chats could be understoodC. what great interest general public took in national affairsD. what a hard life Americans had in Great Depression答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段 “hold the nation together, .”和倒数第二段 “His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.” 可知，罗斯福的Fireside Chats受到人们的欢迎，并鼓舞着人们。阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。English has become the worlds number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. But many people are concerned that Englishs dominance (优势地位) will destroy native languages.A close examination reveals （显示） a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived （复苏）, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. In the case of Welsh, its revival is so successful that the language is now being used as a medium of insturction in schools and universities in Wales. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with (被迷住) English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable. These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders speeches because they are made in a foreign language.All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better selfconfidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in ones native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is probably _.A. to stress the position of EnglishB. to appeal the protection of native languagesC. to show the importance of grasping English for employeesD. to demonstrate ( 阐述) English is the worlds number one language 答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨题。虽是对第一段的大意提问，但实则是对全文的中心进行定位。考生要确定第一段的主题句 （topic sentence）.是第一句话 “English has become the worlds number one language in the 20th century.” 还是该段的最后一句话 “But many people are concerned that Englishs dominance will destroy native languages.”？即作者关注的问题是英语还是本国语言？略读后文可知，由于更多的国家讲英语，很多其他语言已经消失， 然而也有一些语言在复苏，同时也谈到了母语对国家和个人的作用。因此，本文的重心是关注本国语言。故答案为B。2. The revival of Hawaiian and Welsh shows any language will live if it _.A. is against foreign language B. is used as a medium in educationC. is taught in schools D. is done by dedicated people 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从第二段 “.and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.” 可知，答案为D。3. The underlined expression in paragraph three probably refers to _ A. they are sure to use English better with their families B. they use English better in their countries than in foreign countries C. their native language is poorer than their English D. they are not afraid that critical audience find their errors 答案解析：答案为B。 本题为句意推断题。理解该句需要结合上下文。由划线部分的前一句话 “These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages.”可知，这些领导用英语讲话和写作比用本国语言要好，因此可以推断，他们用英语发表演讲的时候，会感觉运用自如. 故答案为B。 本题的混淆选项C选项 “他们的本国语言比英语要差”强调的是本国语言，而划线部分强调的是领导人的英语运用能力。4. In the opinion of the writer, which statement below is NOT true? A. A native language has great effect on the development of a nation. B. The earlier a person learns a foreign language, the greater his ability will be. C. Learning a foreign language should be arranged in a later time. D. The native language will greatly influence ones life. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题。从倒数第二段首句 “All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education.”可知，所有伟大的国家之所以伟大是因为他们在发展国家的时候使用了本国语言，故答案A正确。从倒数第二段后部分内容可知，从心理学的角度讲，一开始就学习母语的人会更自信，更独立；从语言学的角度讲，大脑只有在最开始学母语的情况下才能发展最好；而一开始就学外语的人会变成模仿者并缺乏自信。可以推断，作者认为母语对人的生活有影响，外语学习应该安排在后面，而不是越早学外语，一个人的能力就越强。故C、D正确，B错误。阅读Do you want to love what you do for a living? Follow your passion. This piece of advice provides the foundation for modern thinking on career satisfaction. But this can be a problem.Ive spent the past several years researching and writing about the different strategies we use to seek happiness in our work. It became clear early in the process that the suggestion to ” follow your passion was flawed, for it lacks scientific evidence. However, it doesnt mean you should abandon the goal of feeling passionate about your work. The reality emphasizes that things are quite complicated.Passion is earned. Different people are looking for different things in their work, but generally, people with satisfying careers enjoy some combination of the following features: autonomy，respect，competence，creativity，and a sense of impact. In other words，if you want to feel passionate about your livelihood，dont seek the perfect job，but seek to get more of these features in the job you already have.Passion is elusive (难捉摸的）.Many people develop the rare and valuable skills leading to passion , but still end up unhappy in their work. The problem is that the features leading you to love your work are more likely to be useful to you than your organization. As you become increasingly valuable”，for example, your boss might push you toward traditional promotions that come with more pay and more responsibility, as this is what is most useful to your company. However, you might find more passion by applying your value to gain autonomy in your schedule or project selection.Passion is dangerous. Ive watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic job-hoppirig due to the follow your passion” advice. The issue is expectations. If you believe we all have a pre-existing passion，and that matching it to a job will lead to instant workplace happiness,reality will always pale in comparison.Work is hard. Not every day is fun. If youre seeking a dream job, youll end up frustrated, again and again. Dont set out to discover passion. Instead, set out to develop it. This path might be longer and more complicated than what most cheerful career guides might advocate，but its a path much more likely to lead you somewhere worth going.67. People satisfied with their careers are _.A. autonomous and passionateB. creative and competentC. respectable and sensitiveD. creative and passionate68. What is the authors advice on achieving career satisfaction?A. Developing passion for what one is doing.B. Matching the pre-existing passion to ones work.C. Figuring out early what one will do in the future.D. Discovering skills that lead to interesting careers.69. The underlined sentence in Para. 5 probably means that _.A. it is not easy to match our passion with our jobsB. we shouldnt think everyone has a pre-existing passionC. high expectations of passion in jobs bring disappointmentD. workplace happiness does not require a pre-existing passion70. Whats the authors attitude towards the advice of “following your passion”？A. Ambiguous. B. Supportive.C. Cautious.D. Disapproving.【参考答案】1. 67-70 BACD
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