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单元综合测评(五).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AThe year is 2094.It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet，but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.On 17 July，a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earths atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destroyed，but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound.The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole.The wall of water，a kilometer high，rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.Before the waves reach South America，the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains.The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean.The cities of Los Angeles，San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes.Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead，but the north wont escape for long.Because of the explosions，the sun is hidden by clouds of dust，temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun wont be seen again for many years.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later，no more than 10 million people remain alive.Could it really happen？In fact，it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years.Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space.The dinosaurs couldnt live through the cold climate that followed and they died out.Will we meet the same end?1What is described in the passage?AA historic discovery.BA research on space.CA scientific adventure.DAn event of imagination.【解析】推理判断题。根据短文首句和最后一句结合短文内容可知，本文讲述的是一个想象出来的事件。故选D项。【答案】D2When the first piece hits the South Atlantic，it causes _.Ahuge wavesBa hurricaneCan earthquakeDan Earth explosion【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二、三、四句可知，当第一块碎片撞击南大西洋时，海水会沸腾，并引起巨大的海浪，故A项符合题意。【答案】A3Why cant the northern half of the Earth escape for long?ABecause the land is covered with water.BBecause wars break out among countries.CBecause people there can not live at the temperature of zero.DBecause the light and heat from the sun can not reach the Earth.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后几句可知，由于太阳被遮住，地球温度过低，农作物被毁，北半球也坚持不了多长时间。故选D项。【答案】D4By giving the example of dinosaurs，the author tries to prove _.A. the human beings will die out in 2094Banimals could not live in the cold climateCthe Earth could be hit by other objects in spaceDwhat happened 65 million years ago was an invented story【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段倒数第三句可知，地球有被太空中其他物体撞击的可能。故选D项。【答案】CBEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However，Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton，who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out the problem，but he could not find the paper on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆形)Now Halley set to work.He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by other scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607 and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley.Three different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it，for he had died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halleys comet，in his honour.5Halley made his discovery _.Aby figuring out the orbit of one cometBthrough his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby finding Isaac Newtons paper【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可看出，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察成果的基础上得出的。故选C项。【答案】C6Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year _.A1704B1705C1706D1707【解析】数字计算题。根据倒数第二段第三句可确定哈雷认为这颗彗星下次出现的时间是1758年，然后根据下一句确定这颗彗星是在1758年前的53年出现的，再用1758减去53年就可以得出正确答案为1705年。故选B项。【答案】B7Which of the following is TRUE?AEdmund Halley is an American scientist.BHalley made his prediction by doing experiments.CIsaac Newton is an excellent mathematician.DThe orbit of a comet has the shape of a circle.【解析】正误判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，牛顿是一位出色的数学家，故C项正确。根据文章首句可知，哈雷是一位英国科学家，故A项错误；根据第三、四段以及第五段第一句可知，哈雷的预言是在自己的计算和推理之后得出的，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，所以排除D项。【答案】C8This passage in general is about _.AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a cometCNewton and HalleyDHalley and Halleys comet【解析】主旨大意题。文章自始至终都在介绍哈雷及他的发现。另外也可以从文章的首句和尾句看出本文的主旨大意。故选D项。【答案】DCParties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did.This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize, but the smartphone.At parties, more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks.According to a recent International Data Corporation study, well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up, keeping it in hand all day.In addition, too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result, they get into car crashes.34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving, and they confirm that text messaging is their number one driving interruption.Peoples attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road, many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction.When with their friends, some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend, which sends a message to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you.In addition, relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world.Facetoface conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run.As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their messages, smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people.The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communication.Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact (交流) facetoface，but it is also lowering societys ability to communicate.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。讲述了人们在参加聚会、开车的时候，也在用手机发短信，这极大地影响了人与人之间的交流，甚至导致事故的发生。9The purpose of this text is to_.Acall for an end to use the smartphone while drivingBappeal to us to pay attention to communication skillsCexpress a concern about the overuse of the smartphoneDadvise us to be cautious about the addiction to the smartphone【解析】主旨大意题。全文通过描述人们在社交或开车的时候埋头玩智能手机的现象，指出了这一现象背后值得思考的话题：智能手机的过度使用已影响到了人们的日常生活和交流。作者对此表示担忧，因此选C。【答案】C10The second paragraph is developed by_.Agiving examples Blisting figuresCcomparing factsDanalyzing the effects【解析】写作手法题。第二段讲述了人们使用智能手机的情况，比如聚会上、开车时，并提到了开车时使用手机发短信的青少年的比重，因此该段是通过举例子来阐述其观点的。【答案】A11The author advocates us to make new friends _.Aby using smartphonesBin a facetoface wayCin different waysDunder a free circumstance【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句话“In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world.Facetoface conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run.”可知，作者提倡面对面交朋友，而不是通过手机，因此选B。【答案】B12Overdependence on the smartphone leads to the fact that_.Aparties and gatherings limit their social circleBpeople are more and more narrowmindedCpeoples communication skills are weakenedDfacetoface communication becomes less important【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communication.”可知，对手机过于依赖会削弱交流的价值，因此选C。【答案】CDFrom the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations，human beings have been putting great efforts into space research.And so far，we have achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying progress.The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone，and it has tried to do so，but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive，it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyones effort and will benefit everyone.But even so，the funds needed are still a big problem.As for the USA，it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on.Although it is the richest country in the world，it has much debt every year.It has to make arrangements about its finance，and try to find a balance in all these issues.13What is the authors attitude towards building and developing the international space station?ASupportive.BDoubtful.CCritical.DDissatisfied.【解析】作者态度题。根据第一段中的“.we should not cease trying progress.”和文中作者介绍国际空间站的重要性可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。【答案】A14From Paragraph 2 we learn that _.Athe necessity of building the international space station is not realized nowBmany experiments have been done in the international space stationCthe international space station is necessary for people to explore space moreDpeople have traveled to Mars from the international space station【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.”可知，国际空间站是进行太空探索所必需的。【答案】C15Which of the following aspects about building the international space station is NOT mentioned in the passage?ADifficulties.BCooperation.CSignificance.DSpecific arrangements.【解析】推理判断题。第二段提到了建设国际空间站的重要性，第三段提到了建设国际空间站面临的困难和合作的重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答案为D项。【答案】D.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)“Helicopter parenting”describes a style of raising children where parents are overprotective and do too much.It describes parents who watch over their kids at home and on the playground like a helicopter.Today，modern technology allows these helicopter parents to watch over from even far away._16_Julie Lythcott wrote a book titled Break Free of the Overparenting Trap and Prepare your Kids for Success.In her book，she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style._17_Julie Lythcott says she experienced the effects of helicopter parenting firsthand when she worked as dean of first year students._18_But many were unable to take care of themselves.They were turning to parents constantly for guidance，for problem solving，to have them make the choice about something.So what can parents do if they want to break the overparenting “helicopter” cycle？_19_Stop saying“we”when you mean your son or your daughter.All too often a parent would say “we are on the travel soccer team”Well，no，your son is or your daughter is.Stop arguing with all of the adults in our kids lives.You need to teach your kids to advocate for themselves.Stop doing your kids homework._20_Teach them to cross the street，make a meal，and remember to put their own items in their backpacks，which becomes a briefcase one day.When kids have all the skills to take care of themselves，they will be prepared for adulthood.AFour ways are offered to stop watching over your children.BShe also explains why parents should stop it.CIts a good idea to encourage your kid to do the things he can by himself.DThey can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.EBuild your kids skills.FThe freshmen were very smart and accomplished on paper.GYour kid is eager for more freedom，but should you give it to him?【答案】1620DBFAE.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Dear God，I am really eager to share my thoughts and feelings with you.Now that I am no longer young, I have friends whose_21_have passed away.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers until it was_22_late to tell them.I am _23_with the dear mother who is_24_alive.I appreciate her more each day.My mother does not change，_25_I do.As I grow older and _26_， I realize what an extraordinary person she is.How sad that I am unable to speak these words in her_27_，but they _28_ easily from my pen.How does a daughter begin to _29_ her mother for life itself? For the love, patience and just plain hard work that go into _30_ a child? For running after a toddler (学步的小孩), for understanding a moody _31_， for tolerating a college student who seems to know _32_？ For waiting for the day when a daughter _33_ who her mother really is?How does a(n)_34_woman thank a mother for continuing to be a mother? For being ready with _35_(when asked) or remaining silent when it is most _36_？ For not saying：“I told you so”，when she could have said these words _37_ of times？For being essentially herselfloving, thoughtful，patient, and forgiving?I dont know how, dear God, except to bless her as richly as she _38_ and to help me live up to the _39_ she has set.I pray that I will look as _40_ in the eyes of my children as my mother looks in mine.A daughter【语篇解读】本文是一封女儿写给上帝的信。古人云：树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不待。趁母亲还健在，抓住这个机会，好好感谢一下我们伟大的母亲吧！21A.fathersBmothersCsistersDgrandmothers【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：现在我已不再年轻，我有一些朋友，他们的母亲已经过世了。与下文中“.they never fully appreciated their mothers”相呼应，可知此处表示他们的母亲去世了。【答案】B22A.tooBrather Cmuch Dvery【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：我听我这些朋友们讲他们从来没有真正好好地谢谢他们的母亲，结果他们想这样做的时候，已经来不及了。与本句中“never fully appreciated their mothers”相呼应，并根据固定搭配too.to“太而不能”可知，此处表示遗憾。【答案】A23A.happyBpleasedCblessedDcontent【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，我的母亲还健在。与上文提到有些朋友的母亲“have passed away”形成对比，并与本句中“the dear mother”相呼应可知，作者是幸运的。happy意为“开心的，幸福的”；pleased意为“高兴的”；blessed意为“被祝福的”；content意为“满意的”。【答案】C24A.yetBevenCeverDstill【解析】考查副词辨析。与上文提到的朋友的母亲“have passed away”形成对比可知，此处表示母亲还健在。yet意为“还没有”，经常用于否定句；even意为“甚至”；ever意为“曾经”；still意为“仍旧”，与本句中“the dear mother”相呼应可知，此处表示仍旧健在。【答案】D25A.soBbutCorDas【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：我的妈妈始终如一，但我却变了。根据本句的句意可知，两句之间的为转折关系。so意为“因此”；but意为“但是”；or意为“或者，否则”；as意为“因为，尽管，随着”。【答案】B26A.weaker BwiserChealthierDslower【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：随着年岁的增长和心智的成熟，我逐渐意识到妈妈是多么了不起的一个人！与本句中“realize”相呼应可知，此处表示随着人生阅历增加，心智更加成熟。weaker意为“更加虚弱的”；wiser意为“更加智慧的”；healthier意为“更健康的”；slower意为“更缓慢的”。【答案】B27A.presenceBfaceCabsenceDlifetime【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当着母亲的面说出这些赞美和感激的话来实在是难为情。根据本句中“how sad”可知，此处表示当面赞美有些难为情。presence意为“存在，在场，礼物，呈现”；face意为“脸”；absence意为“缺席”；lifetime意为“一辈子”。【答案】A28A.flyBcomeCfloatDflow【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：但是这些感激和赞美之词还是很容易写出来的。与上句不好意思当面赞美形成呼应和对比可知，此处表示感激之情溢于笔端。fly意为“飞”；come意为“来”；float意为“漂流”；flow意为“流动”。【答案】D29A.thankBforgiveCloveDblame【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：女儿是如何开始感恩母亲养育了她呢？与下一段的第一句“How does a(n)_woman thank a mother for continuing to be a mother？”相呼应可知，此处表示感恩。thank意为“感谢”；forgive意为“原谅”；love意为“爱”；blame意为“责备”。【答案】A30A.risingBarisingCraisingDfeeding【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：感恩母亲的爱，耐心和抚养一个孩子所付出的艰辛？根据语境可知，此处表示“养育”。rise意为“升起”；arise意为“出现”；raise意为“举起，养育，筹集”；feed意为“喂养”。【答案】C31A.teenagerBpupilCyouthDchild【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：为追逐一个刚刚学步的小孩、理解一个情绪化的少年抑或是容忍一个看起来无所不知的大学生？很明显，本句在描述人生不同阶段母亲的呵护和爱，那么介于小孩和大学生之间的，自然是青少年了。teenager意为“青少年”；pupil意为“小学生”；youth意为“青年，青春”；child意为“小孩”。【答案】A32A.somethingBnothingCeverythingDanything【解析】考查代词辨析。与本句中“tolerate”相呼应，并结合大学生的共同特性，即：自以为无所不知，可知，此处表示了解一切。something意为“某事”；nothing意为“什么都没有”；everything意为“一切”；anything意为“任何东西”。【答案】C33A.recognizesBrealizesClikesDknows【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：抑或是为了等待女儿真正意识到母亲的伟大之处的那一天？与上文“I realize what an extraordinary person she is”相呼应可知，此处表示意识到。recognize意为“辨认出”；realize意为“意识到”；like意为“喜欢”；know意为“知道”。【答案】B34A.immatureBseniorCinexperiencedDgrown【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：一个成年女性该如何因她还继续做自己的母亲而感激母亲呢？根据四个选项及下文语境可知，是一个成年女性。immature意为“不成熟的”；senior意为“上了年纪的，年老的”；inexperienced意为“没有经验的”；grown意为“长大成人的”。【答案】D35A.encouragementBknowledgeCadviceDapproval【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：因为时刻准备提供一些建议还是被感激时的沉默不语？根据“when asked”和下文“I told you so”可知，此处指提供建议。encouragement意为“鼓励”；knowledge意为“知识”；advice意为“建议”；approval意为“批准”。【答案】C36A.ignoredBunnoticedChopedDappreciated【解析】考查词义辨析。与本文的主旨相呼应，即：感谢母亲，由此可知，此处表示母亲被赞美、感激时，往往会沉默不语。ignore意为“忽略”；unnoticed意为“未被注意的”；hope意为“希望”；appreciate意为“感激，欣赏”。【答案】D37A.dozensBscoreCcoupleDnumber【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：或是因为她本可以说“我都告诉过你了”这样的话而没有说而感激母亲呢？根据固定搭配：“量词复数of可数名词复数”，并结合本句语境可知，A项符合语境。【答案】A38A.paysBmatchesCdeservesDdemands【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：亲爱的上帝，我不知道该如何表达对母亲的感激之情，只有祝福她如她应得的那样富有，让我也成为她那样了不起的人。根据语境可知，作者不知如何表达自己的感激之情，因为母亲太伟大，她值得所有的赞美和祝福。pay意为“付钱”；match意为“匹配”；deserve意为“值得”；demand意为“要求”。【答案】C39A.levelBexampleCfigureDambition【解析】考查名词辨析。set an example意为“树立榜样”，为固定搭配，符合语境。level意为“水平”；figure意为“数字，身材”；ambition意为“野心”。【答案】B40A.toughBgoodCneatDconsiderate【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：我祈祷我在我的孩子们的眼里就像妈妈在我眼里那样好。根据本文的主旨，即感恩母亲可知，母亲是伟大的，了不起的。tough意为“强硬的，严厉的”；good意为“好的”；neat意为“整洁的”；considerate意为“体贴的”。【答案】B.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Rose：Dave，Im going to pick up food and drink for Saturdays picnic.Any 41._(suggest) ?Dave：Well, everyone has been talking about 42._(have) a barbecue, so 43._not pick up some hamburger meat and hot dogs?Rose：Okay, but do you know how 44._hamburger meat we are going to need? And hot dogs too?Dave：Uh, how about three pounds of hamburger meat and a couple of packages of hot dogs?Rose：Oh，thats not going to be enough.Do you remember the last picnic in the mountains? Jim，your roommate, ate about ten hamburgers by 45._(him)!Dave：Yeah, I remember that.Then nine pounds of hamburger meat and seven packages of hot dogs should be enough.Rose：Wait.Id better write it down.Dave：And you can pick up some chicken for those who dont like hamburgers 46._hot dogs.Rose：Okay.How about five or six bags of potato chips?Dave：Hmm.It might be 47._(well) to make that eight.Rose：Okay.Uh, we still need some soft drinks.How about ten of those 2liter bottles?Dave：48._(sound) fine, but be sure to buy a variety of drinks.Rose：Okay.And what about dessert?Dave：Well, maybe we could ask Kathy 49._(make) a few cherry pies like she did last time.Rose：Great! Ill give her 50._call right now.【答案】41.suggestions42.having43.why44much45.himself46.or47.better48.Sounds49to make50.a
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