高三英语复习 虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气一 虚拟语气的概念：If I were you, I would study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观_的事实，而是说话人的主观_、_或推测等。二 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法:1. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。2. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。3. If it should snow/were to snow/ snowed heavily this evening, we would not have evening self-study. 如果今晚下大雪，我们将不上晚自习了。4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是_条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是_，在这种真实条件句中的谓语用_语气，如第_句。 如果假设的情况是_或_都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是_条件句，如第_句。从 句主 句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）_ _ _ _(3d1t) + 动词原形与过去事实相反动词的_ would/ should/ could/ might +_与将来事实相反 动词过去式，_ + 动词原形，_ + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 难点一：错综条件虚拟： If you had listened to the doctor, you _(be) all right now. If I _(take) my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet through now.有时_表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句却表示与_或_的事实相反，即表示“如果_，现在或将来就会”之意，这种虚拟形式叫错综条件虚拟语气。难点二：虚拟语气的省略或倒装:Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. If you had taken my advice(_)，you wouldnt have failed in the exam. 如果虚拟条件从句中有_，had(此处had必须是_动词) 或 _，可以把_省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装。难点三：含蓄虚拟条件句（用其它形式替代if 条件从句）：1）有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。常见的介词有_, but for( )等。如：Without air (If there_ no air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it _ _ for your help), I couldnt have done it. 2）有时虚拟语气体现在某些副词上，如：but, or, or else, otherwise等。I was busy that day. Otherwise I _(go)there with them. (If I _ busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)I would have finished the work, but I was ill. (If I _ ill, I would have finished the work.) He turned up at last, or we would have had to find another time for the meeting.三虚拟语气中用(should) do 的情况 1. I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.2. It was required that the medicines _ (send) there by plane. 3. The order came that everybody _ (fight) against H1N1 flu. 4. His suggestion is that we _ (solve) the problem at once.用来说明 _、命令、提议、请求、要求等动词或_内容的从句谓语动词用(should) do 常见的动词和名词有（在括号内写出单词的意思）：urge （ ） recommend（ ） require request demand（ ） insist（ ） suggest （ ） command（ ） order propose（ ） advise 等。recommendation, requirement, request, demand, suggestion, command, order, proposal, advice, etc. 注意：当suggest表“_ _”，insist表“_ _”时，应使用陈述语气。 对比: His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.Its suggested that the plan _(carry) out. He insisted that he _(not steal) the womans wallet. The doctor insisted that the patient _(operate) on at once.It is important that everyone (should) obey the law. It is strange that he (should) say so.It is essential that effective measures (should ) _(take) to improve learning efficiency. 归纳：句型 It is important/ strange/essential( )/自然的（ ） that 从句，从句中的 谓语动词用_, _可省略。四：几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法1. 观察以下wish引导的宾语从句，归纳出wish+宾语从句的用法。How I wish I _(be) a flying bird! He wishes he hadnt made such a mistake. I wish I could go to space some day./ How I wish it would be fine tomorrow.归纳： _, 表示与现在的事实相反wish+ _, 表示与过去的事实相反 _, 表示与将来的事实相反2. 观察以下if only引导的从句，归纳出if only的用法。 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!区别：He will succeed only if he does his best.归纳： _, 表示与现在的事实相反 if only+ _, 表示与过去的事实相反 _, 表示与将来的事实相反3. 观察以下as if/though引导的从句，归纳出as if/though的用法。She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son.They talked as if they _(be) friends for years, but in fact, they met only a few minutes ago.Many dark clouds gather in the sky. It looks as if it_(rain).归纳： _, 表示与现在的事实相反as if/though+ _, 表示与过去的事实相反但是，当说话者认为句子所属的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，as if/though后应该用_语气。4. 观察以下would rather 引导的从句，归纳出would rather 的用法。I would rather you _(pay) me now. I would rather you_(not tell) me the truth just now. I would rather you_(come) tomorrow. 归纳： _, 表示与现在的事实相反would rather+ _, 表示与过去的事实相反 _, 表示与将来的事实相反5. 观察以下its (high/about) time (that)引导的从句，归纳出其用法。When you cant find time for a rest, its time you_(need) a rest .(你该休息的时候) you should have a rest.归纳：Its (high/about) time (that) sb._/_ sth.巩固练习1. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would be B. started, might beC. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been2. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do3. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be4. Without your help, we_ so much. A. won t achieve B. didnt t achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved5. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should give D. be given6. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave7. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party? A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite8. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolen B. shouldnt t steal C. doesnt t steal D. steal9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible? -Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. wasC. be D. should be11. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have givenD. may give12. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she knownC. if she know D. if she has known13. 2014重庆卷 It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ it?A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing14. 2014安徽卷 People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past!Ahad thrown Bwill be throwing Cwere throwing Dwould have thrown15.2014北京卷 We _back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.Aare Bwere Cwill be Dwould be16. 2014福建卷 _no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.AWere there BHad there been CIf there are DIf there have been17. 2014湖南卷 If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. wereB. had been C. should be D. was18. 2014陕西卷 We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay19. 2014天津卷 _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught20. 2014浙江卷 They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. Awould have come Bcould come Chave come Dhad come