高三英语复习 动词时态和语态讲义

动词时态和语态补充内容 一. 动词的时态 1. 一般现在时的用法 1） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 2） 表示格言或警句。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 3） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 4）在here, there 开头的句子里表示现在瞬间的动作。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. 5）用于新闻标题、体育解说词、舞台指导、说明等。 China declares manned spaceflight successful. Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.2. 一般过去时的用法 1）在一些虚拟语气中的运用。 It is time you went to bed. Id rather you came tomorrow. I wish I had a better memory. 2）在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 Mother said I couldnt watch TV before my homework was finished. 3）情态动词 could, would表示委婉语气。Could you lend me your bike? Would you help me? 4) used to do/ would used to do “过去常常”，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态。 You used to sleep with the window open, usednt/didnt you? People used to believe that the earth was flat. would只能用于表示过去习惯性的动作，而不能用于表示过去的状态。 When he was young, he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast.3. 一般将来时 、 过去将来时的用法 1）表示临时决定在短暂的将来马上要做某事，用will -You havent turned off the air-conditioner. -Sorry. I will turn it off. 2) 表示具有某种功能用will(能，可以) Each bench will seat five persons. The door wont open. 3）was/were going to do sth. 表示过去未曾实现的打算或意图等。 -You should have come to the meeting yesterday evening. -I was going to, but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to send her to hospital. 4）注意以下结构： was/were about to dowhen was/were on the point of doingwhen I was about to go to bed/on the point of going to bed when the telephone rang. 5）be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表示计划、打算, will表意愿。 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you.4. 进行时的用法 1）不与时间状语连用，表示逐步发展。 It is getting darker. The wind is rising. 2) 将来进行时, 表示将来某时刻或某段时期正在进行的动作。 They will be waiting for you at the school gate from ten to eleven tomorrow morning. 注意：不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词, 如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2）表示心理状态的动词, 如：know, realize, think，see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. 3）瞬间动词, 如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 I accept your advice. 4）系动词, 如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。 You seem a little tired. 5. 现在完成时的用法 （since的四种用法） 1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点） I have been here since 1989. 2） since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3） since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。 He went to Canada in 1989 and has lived there ever since. 4）It is / has been +一段时间+ since从句 It is / has been two years since I became a postgraduate student. It is two years since I lived in this town. 6. 过去完成时的用法 1）以下动词hope, expect, intend, mean, want, think, suppose等，可用过去完成时表示“原本要做某事”， 但结果未做成，即表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 I had thought that they would leave for London next Monday. 2）下列动词hope, expect, intend, want, mean(打算，意欲)等,也可接动词不定式的完成式以表示原本要 做某事, 但未能做成。 She intended to have helped me, but she was too busy yesterday. =She had intended to help me, but she was too busy yesterday. 注意： 1）was/were to have done sth. 原本打算做某事，但未做成 2) 类似的还有以下结构：Would like/love to have done sth. -Did you go to see the film “Titanic” yesterday? -I would like to have (gone to see it), but my mother suddenly fell ill and I had to attend her. 7. 现在完成进行时的用法 1）表示以前一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能已停止，也可能还在进行。 How long has it been raining? 2) 表示延续到现在并经常重复的动作 We have been seeing quite a lot each other recently. All the years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 3) 用于得出结论 You look thin and tired. You have been working too hard. 二动词的语态 动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，还要注意以下考点。 考点一：不定式在某些形容词(easy,hard, difficult, light, heavy, safe, dangerous, comfortable, pleasant)后作状语且和句子主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式 表示被动含义。 The long essay is too difficult to understand. He found the math problem easy to work out. 考点二：动词say, report, announce, believe, suppose, consider, expect, hope, know等以it作 形式主语时用被动语态，后面接that从句。 It is said/reported/announced that our team has won the game. 考点三：make/see/hear sb. do sth.(宾语补足语) be made/seen/heard to do sth.(主语补足语) Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 考点四：sth. need/want/require to be done sth. need/want/require doing The serious situation needs/wants/requires paying attention to. 考点五：sth. be worthy to be done/of being done sth. be worth doing The science fiction has a twisted plot and is well worth seeing. 考点六：不定式to blame, to let等表示被动含义。 It is not I but he that is to blame. The vacant apartment is to let.