高三英语复习 主谓一致讲义

主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形 式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式 To study English well _ not easy. What he said _very important for us all. Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyes. 归纳：以动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式 注意： What I bought _ three English books. What I say and do _ helpful to you. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。2. The boy and the girl _ surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he _ Young Pioneers.归纳：由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 注意：The writer and artist _.（已经来了）Every student and every teacher _ in the room. （一般现在时）No boy and no girl _ （有）it.Many a boy and many a girl _.（已经读过这个故事了）Many a boy _ active in sports. （一般现在时）More than one person _（ 知道）it.More than two persons _ involved in this case.（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用_形式。（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every， more than a（an） ， many a（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用_形式。 （3）many a + 单数名词，谓语为_，more than 接单数名词，谓语为_形式，接复数 名词，谓语为_形式。3. Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，_ come to China. （现在完成时）Nobody but Jim and Mike _ on the playground. （一般现在时）She，like you and Tom，_ very tall. 归纳：主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用_形式；若主语为复数，谓语用_形式。4. Each of us _ a new book. Everything around us _ matter.归纳：either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代 词，都作单数看待。注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动 词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词 是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America./ None of the money is left.5. He is one of my friends who _ working hard. He is the only one of my friends who _ working hard.归纳：在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中 _的数一致。6. Class Four _ on the third floor. Class Four _ unable to agree upon a monitor. 归纳：如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用_；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用_形式。这些词family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。 注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。The police are looking for the lost child.7. The rest of the lecture _ wonderful. 50% of the students in our class _ girls.归纳：由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或 百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8. There _(come) the bus. On the wall _many pictures. Such _（be）the result. Such _(be) the facts.归纳：在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与_一致。二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为 复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1. 不定代词all, most, some等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代名词的数。Most of the apples _ rotten.（一般过去时）Most of the apple _ eaten by a rat.（一般过去时）2. Thirty minutes _ enough for the work.Ten miles _ quite a long distance.归纳：表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用_形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。3. Twelve plus eight _ twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight _ seven.归纳：算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用_形式。4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5.“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 如：the rich, the living（活着的人）6Whisky and soda _ always his favourite drink.归纳：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如bread and butter, knife and fork, fish and chips, ham and egg 等作主语时，谓语动词用_。7. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works _built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study.8. trousers, glass es, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses _broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed _ his.三、就近一致原则 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. Either the teacher or the students _our friends. Neither they nor he _ wholly right. _ neither he nor they wholly right？归纳：当两个主语由either or， neither nor， whether or ， not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。2. There_ two chairs and a desk in the room. Here _a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 归纳：there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。巩固练习：1. I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A. am B. is C. are D. be2. The rich _ not always happy.A. are B. is C. has D. have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A. are B. am C. is D. was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home.A. am B. is C. are D. be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A. are; are B. am; am C. am; are D. is; is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A. wish B. wishes C. is like D. like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A. was B. is C. would be D. are9. The population of China _ larger than that of .any other country in the world.A. is B. are C. has D. have10. Every means _ tried but without any result.A. have been B. is to be C. are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A. is B. was C. are D. is being13. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. have15. A large number of students in our class_ girls.A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn t change B. dont change C. change D. changed17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao s works _ published.A. has been B. have been C. was D. is19. A chemical works_ built there.A. is to being B. have been C. were to D. has been20. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five