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类型7| 文化教育考查要点方法技巧1.文章的主题。2所述文化教育的发展、特点、功能。3不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。4价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。2定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。3重点关注所述对象的特征，并进行归纳概括。(2016天津高考C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillants study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores.Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharpThose who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Workingat any ageis important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competencethe underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isnt everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”46What do we know about John?AHe enjoyed his career and marriage.BHe had few childhood playmates.CHe received little love from his family.DHe was envied by others in his childhood.47Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as _Aa description of personal values and social valuesBan analysis of how work was related to competenceCan example for parents expectations of their childrenDan explanation why some boys grew into happy men48Vaillants team obtained their findings by _Arecording the boys effort in schoolBevaluating the mens mental healthCcomparing different sets of scoresDmeasuring the mens problem solving ability49What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?AQuick to react.BHaving a thin edge.CClear and definite.DSudden and rapid.50What can be inferred from the last paragraph?ACompetent adults know more about love than work.BEmotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.CLove brings more joy to people than work does.DIndependence is the key to ones success.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。约翰小时候父母会让他干一些力所能及的活儿，长大后他成了一个更快乐的人。由此可以看出：童年的劳动是非常重要的。它可以培养孩子的责任感、独立性、自信心以及解决问题的能力。这是精神健康的基础，与其精彩的成年生活息息相关。长难句解读：“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant，the psychologist who made the discovery.分析：引号内的句子为复合句。Boys之后为who引导的定语从句修饰Boys，而they were worthwhile members of society为宾语从句，作feel的宾语。引号外who made the discovery为定语从句修饰the psychologist。翻译：做出这个发现的心理学家George Vaillant说：“在家中或社区劳动的男孩能够获得能力并且感受到他们是有价值的社会成员。”46A细节理解题。根据文章第一段信息“He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.”可知，约翰对自己的工作和婚姻很满意，故选A项。47D推理判断题。第二段中，Vaillant通过40年的研究得出结论：那些小时候在家里或者社区里劳动的男孩获得了能力，感到自己对社会有价值。正因为他们自我感觉好，所以别人也觉得他们好。由此可知，这些话解释了一些男孩成年后更快乐的原因，故选D项。48C细节理解题。根据文章第三段信息“Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the mens mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores.”可知，Vaillant的团队是通过比较一些分数来得出结论的，故选C项。49C词义猜测题。根据文章第四段信息twice as likely to .，five times as likely to .and 16 times less likely to .可知，人们童年的行为和成年后的状况之间的联系明显得让人吃惊。sharp此处意为clear and definite(清楚和确定的)，故选C项。50B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，童年的劳动能够帮助一个孩子培养责任感、独立性、自信心和能力，这些都是一个人精神健康的基础，emotional health是本段的主题，故选B项。A(2016南通、扬州、泰州、淮安第三次调研)A report released this month found that grouping children by ability is on the rise againteaching students in groups of similar ability has improved achievement for fast and show learners alikeand who wouldnt want bright kids to be able to move ahead，or strugglers to get the help they need?But for most kids，labels (标签) applied early in life tend to stick，even if they are wrong.Sorting school children by ability has long been controversial. In some countries，especially in Asia，schoolwide tracking (分流) remains normal.Children are tested and placed in different schools that direct them toward professional or vocational careers.Movement between the tracks is rare.Schoolwide tracking decreased in US.schools in the 1960s and 70s.It never died out，though.Sorting students into separate tracks for math at about junior high school age continues to be common，and other forms of tracking persist as well.Unlike tracking，which means sorting students into separate classrooms，ability grouping happens within classrooms. When done according to the latest research，it has proven to promote achievement.Ability grouping is changeable and temporary. Within classrooms，students might be divided into different learning groups dealing with materials of different levels.Any students who master concepts can move upward between groups，and the student groups might look different from subject to subject and unit to unit.For instance，a student who stands out in language arts might be at an average or slower level in math.A student who flies through multiplication tables might need extra help with fractions.Students who lag in reading can be pulled out of the classroom in small groups for practice with a tutor until their reading improves.Research shows ability grouping within classes has more positive benefits than tracking.However，that must be weighed against the challenges involved.In many regular classrooms，the differences between student ability levels are very big. That presents challenges for teachers and lowperforming students to constantly compare themselves with students who seem to fly through school with ease.The rigid ability groups and tracking of the past are still with us in many schools.Likely，labels are applied with more caution than in the bad old days when some teachers gave reading groups notsosecret code names like “Bluebirds”，“Robins”，“Crows” and “Buzzards”But kids still know.本月发布的一项报告发现，将儿童按能力分类这一现象再次呈上升趋势。将同一课堂内的学生按能力分组比学校分流有着更积极的好处。这种分组方法有益于不同能力水平的学习者。1Why is grouping children by ability becoming popular again?ABecause most teachers do not like slower learners.BBecause grouping children should be done early in life.CBecause it is academically beneficial to different learners.DBecause fast learners can move ahead without teachers help.C细节理解题。根据第一段可知，将儿童按能力分类再次流行的原因是，这在学习上有益于不同的学习者。故选项C符合题意。2By saying “Movement between the tracks is rare.”(Para.3 )，the writer really means _Atracking children is normal in AsiaBschoolwide tracking has decreased in US.Cprofessional and vocational careers are unrelatedDsorted students can hardly change schoolsD推理判断题。根据第五段开头的Unlike tracking以及第六段第三句可知，在学校分流的制度下，学生难以根据自身学习的效果来选择其他学校继续学习，而只能一直待在原来的学校学习直到毕业，由此可知，D项正确。3The examples in Paragraph 6 are used mainly to illustrate _Aa good language learner promises to be good at mathsBa student might join different groups for different coursesCability grouping benefits gifted students more than slow onesDability grouping presents no challenge for those slow studentsB细节理解题。根据第六段第三句可知，文章第六段使用的例子主要是为了说明，学生可以因为不同的课程而加入不同的小组。故选项B符合题意。4What might be the challenge in regular classrooms for teachers?AStudents different levels.BStudents low performance.CConstant selfcomparison.DApplication of notsosecret code.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知，对于老师来说，普通班级的挑战是学生不同的能力水平。故选项A符合题意。 【导学号：57732027】B(2016石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟)When I was about ten years old，I was walking down the street with my mother.She stopped to speak to Mr.Lee，and I knew I could see Mr.Lee any time around the neighborhood，so I didnt pay any attention to him.After we passed Mr.Lee，my mother stopped me and said something that has stuck with me from that day until now.She said，“You let that be the last time youve ever walked by somebody and not opened up your mouth to speak，because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.”Mothers words sound simple，but its been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am.Its not just something I believe in; its become a way of life.I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledge their presence，no matter how humble(卑微的)they may be.At work，I always said hello to the founder of the company and asked him how our business was doing.But I also spoke to the people who cleaned the buildings and asked how their children were doing.After a few years of greeting the founder，I had the courage to ask him for a meeting.We had a great talk.At a certain point I asked him how far he thought I could go in his company.He said，“If you want to，you can get all the way to this seat.”Ive become vice president，but that hasnt changed the way I approach people.I still follow my mothers advice.I speak to everyone I see，no matter where I am.Ive learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world，and it allows them to come into mine，too.作者小时候因为在路上没有给邻居打招呼而受到了母亲的批评。母亲的话使作者悟出了主动与别人交流的重要性。5What did the author do when he met Mr.Lee?AHe talked with somebody else.BHe was attracted by a dog.CHe greeted him politely.DHe ignored him.D细节理解题。根据第一段的“so I didnt pay any attention to him”可知，作者的母亲与邻居说话时，作者没有在意邻居，故选D。6What kind of person is the authors mother?AOptimistic.BKindhearted.CStrict.DOpenminded.C推理判断题。根据第一段的“You let that be the last time youve ever walked by somebody.because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street”可推知，母亲对作者很严格。7How did the company founder reply to the author?AHe played a joke.BHe inspired him.CHe invited him to coffee.DHe gave him the seat.B推理判断题。根据第三段的“If you want to，you can get all the way to this seat.”可知，公司的创办人说如果作者想要在公司发展，他完全可以坐到创办人的位置，由此可推知，这位领导在鼓励作者。8What does the author think of saying hello to people?AIt can build connections with others.BIts a way to show sympathy to humble people.CIts a must to become a president.DIt can bring him what he wants.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的“speaking to people creates a pathway into their world，and it allows them to come into mine，too”可知，向别人问候有助于建立人际关系，故选A。7
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