中考英语 话题十三 卫生与健康试题1

话题十三卫生与健康(Hygiene and health).完形填空ADaniel Green, 81, could not believe it when doctors said his heart rate had dropped to just 26 beats per minute, _1_ than the worlds top players at rest, 35 bpm and 33 bpm.The Guinness World Record _2_ is Martin Brady, 45, of Guernsey, who recorded a _3_ of 27 bpm.Mr. Green was having a checkup when _4_ said his resting rate was 36 bpm but dropped to 26.Doctors only realized Mr. Greens heart rate after they _5_ him up with a machine.The adult mans heart beats at 72 bpmits right from around 60 bpm to 100 bpm _6_ on different activities.Mr Greens perfect health comes from daily _7_.He has not been to _8_ since 1976, when he had a bad cold.He said, “I couldnt _9_ it when the doctors _10_ me. I didnt think anybody ever really notice my heart rate.” “The doctor examined me _11_ and said my heart rate was _12_ 26 beats per minute.But theres _13_ to worry aboutIm still in good health，” he said.“I go for hourlong walks every morning and do some light exercise with weights at least three times a week.They told me a(an) _14_ has a heart rate of just 28 beats per minute, so I think Im as _15_ as an elephant，” he added.(B)1.A.higher Blower Cfaster Dsmaller(C)2.A.player Bstudent Cholder Dlawyer(C)3.A.pressure Bbrain Cheartbeat Dbreath(D)4.A.people Bactors Cteachers Ddoctors(D)5.A.cleaned Bcleared Ccheered Dchecked(A)6.A.depending Bliving Cworking Dlooking(A)7.A.exercise Brest Csleep Dnews(B)8.A.school Bhospital Cstore Dhouse(C)9.A.think Bmind Cbelieve Dagree(C)10.A.said Btalked Ctold Dspoke(A)11.A.carefully Bdifferently C.luckily Dhappily(B)12.A.so Bjust Csoon Dmore (C)13.A.something Banything Cnothing Deverything(A)14.A.elephant Btiger Clion Dmonkey(D)15.A.easy Blonely Cbusy Dhealthy【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一位英国老人丹尼尔格林的心跳速率为每分钟26次，打破了世界最慢心跳的纪录，让医生们为之震惊。格林先生把自己拥有如此低的心跳速率归功于每天的锻炼。【答案精析】1B考查形容词的比较级辨析。higher“更高的”；lower“更低的”；faster“更快的”；smaller“更小的”。前文提到他的心跳是“26 beats per minute”，通过与后文的对比“the worlds top players at rest, 35 bpm and 33 bpm”，可知，他的心跳速率更低，故选B。2C考查名词辨析。 player“运动员”；student“学生”； holder “保持者”； lawyer“律师”。此处是指Martin Brady是吉尼斯纪录的保持者， 故选C。3C考查名词辨析。pressure“压力”； brain“大脑”；heartbeat“心跳”； breath“呼吸”。文章介绍心跳速率的对比，故此处表示Martin Brady保持了吉尼斯纪录每分钟27 次的心跳，故选C。4D考查名词辨析。people“人们”；actors“演员”；teachers“教师”；doctors“医生”。结合上下文语境可知，格林先生做检查的结果是医生告诉他的，故选D。5D考查动词辨析。 cleaned“打扫”； cleared “清理，清除”；cheered“欢呼，振奋”； checked“检查”。结合上下文语境可知医生们在用仪器对他检查之后才意识到他的心率，故选D。6A考查动名词辨析。 depend“依靠，取决于”； live“居住，生活”；work“工作，从事”；look“看”。depend可与后文on搭配，表示取决于，结合语境可知此处表示正常的心率范围每分钟是60到100次，取决于从事的不同活动。故选A。7A考查名词辨析。 exercise“锻炼”； rest“休息”； sleep“睡眠”； news“新闻”。由后文说他每天从事各种运动可知此处表示，格林先生完美的健康状况来源于日常锻炼，故选A。8B考查名词辨析。 school“学校”； hospital“医院”； store “商店”； house“房子”。由上文他经常锻炼身体，可知自从1976年以来当他感冒时，他从未去过医院，故选B。9C考查动词辨析。think“想，认为”； mind “介意”；believe “相信”；agree“同意”。结合上下文语境可知当医生告诉他时，他不敢相信这件事。故选C。10C考查动词辨析。 said“说”，后接说话的内容；talked “交谈”； told “告诉” ；spoke“说话”，后接说的某种语言。此处是指医生告诉“我”心率的这件事，故tell符合语境，故选C。11A考查副词辨析。 carefully“小心地，仔细地”；differently“不同地”； luckily “幸运地”； happily“开心地”。由上下文医生告诉他心率可知这是仔细检查的结果，故选A。12B考查副词辨析。 so “如此”； just “仅仅，只”；soon “不久”； more “更多”。医生告诉他，他的心跳只有每分钟26次，这是一个很低的数字，故选B。13C考查不定代词辨析。something“一些事情”；anything“任何事情”；nothing“没有什么事情”； everything“一切事情”。由后文他说自己仍然很健康，可知他认为这没有什么好担心的，故选C。14A考查名词辨析。elephant“大象”；tiger “老虎”；lion “狮子”；monkey“猴子”。由后文“as an elephant”可知此处应选A。15D考查形容词辨析。 easy“容易的”； lonely“孤独的”； busy“忙碌的”； healthy“健康的”。由前文说他经常锻炼保持健康，且大象的心率跟他的心率接近可知，他说自己跟一头大象一样健康，故选D。B请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。activeanotherlaughfatworry becauseasincreasechooseharder These days, adults are worried about the growing number of kids who are overweight.Most people who are overweight have too much 1_fat_.The number of overweight kids has 2_increased_ a lot over the last 30 years.Thats bad news 3_because_ being overweight can lead to health problems. Overweight kids also may be 4_laughed_ at by other kids or feel sad about the way they look.Most kids said it was 5_harder_ for overweight kids to make friends.So lots of kids said they had tried to lose weight.Eating healthy is usually the best way.If kids are 6_worried_ about weight, experts suggest they think about where they should go for answers.They can talk to a nurse or a doctor 7_as_ the best help.Doing sports is 8_another_ right way to lose weight.There are many ways to stay 9_active_：dancing, running，or even walking around the mall.Make exercise fun by 10_choosing_ activities you like.Walk your dog in the morning or help your mom do housework in the evening.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的孩子体重超标，肥胖会影响孩子的健康，可能被其他孩子取笑，还影响他们结交朋友，很多孩子说他们设法减肥，而健康饮食和锻炼通常是最好的减肥方法。【答案精析】1fat由have too much可知此处应填不可数名词，fat有“脂肪”的意思。由句意“大多数肥胖的人有太多脂肪。”可知填fat。2increased句意为“肥胖儿童的数量在过去的30年里已经增加了很多。”has后接动词的过去分词构成现在完成时，所以应填increased。3because空格处前后两句话为完整的句子，再由句意可判断前后两句是因果关系，所以填连词because。句意为“那是糟糕的消息，因为肥胖会导致健康问题。”4laughed由后文，肥胖的孩子会因其他孩子对他们的看法感到悲哀可知，肥胖的孩子可能会被其他孩子嘲笑。laugh at“嘲笑”，为固定短语，be动词后接动词的过去分词表示被动语态，故填laughed。5harder由此句的结构：Its 形容词 for sb. to do sth. 可知此处表示“大多数孩子说，交朋友对肥胖孩子来说更加困难”。故填harder。6worriedbe worried about“对担心”，为固定短语。句意为“如果孩子对他们的体重感到担心，专家建议他们考虑应该去哪里寻求办法。”故填worried。7as结合上下文语境可知他们可以跟医生或护士交谈作为最好的帮助。as表示“作为，当作”符合语境。8another前面提到“Eating healthy is usually the best way.” 因此做运动是另一个减肥的好办法。故填another。9active后文“dancing, running，or even walking around the mall” 都是一些积极的活动，stay “保持”，是系动词，后接形容词，此处表示有许多保持积极的方法。故填active。10choosingby是介词，后接动词ing形式，结合上下文语境可知此处表示，你可以通过选择你喜欢的活动使运动变得有趣。故填choosing。.阅读理解AA new school term begins.Is anything new at your school? Sichuan students are getting an extra hour to sleep in the morning. This year, Sichuan schools decided that students should start classes later.This should help them feel less tired.For junior high schools, the first class will begin no earlier than 8：30 am.The changes have made students happy.Liu Xian, 15, said his class was excited about the news on the first day of school.“Its so good we can get up later! ”said Liu.Liu studies in Chengdu No.4 Middle School.He used to get up at 6：40 am.Now he can get up at 7：40 am because the first class doesnt start until 8：40 am.Wu Hongli, 15, said the new timetable is good for her health. “I used to drink coffee every night or I would feel too sleepy to do my homework，” said Wu，“ Now I can finish it without coffee.” She used to get up at 6：30 am.Now she can get up at 7：30 am.Wu Honglis mother was happy, too.She thought more sleep would help her daughter grow taller. But some parents worried that more sleep would mean less learning.There used to be five classes in the morning.Now there are only four. Many teachers, though, say the changes will help students learn better.“Students used to doze(打盹儿) for the first two classes in the morning, ”said Wu Zongping, an English teacher at Chengdu No.12 Middle School.“But now they look fine and they learn much better than before.”(D)1.What made the Sichuan middle school students happy?AThe new school term began.BTheir schools took on a new look.CThey felt a little bit tired.DThey could get up later.(B)2.What does the underlined word “extra” mean according to the passage?ALess BMore CNew DOld(D)3.What does the underlined word “it” refer to according to the passage?ACoffee. BHousework.CTimetable. DHomework.(C)4.What can we learn from the teachers words? AShe didnt like the changes. BShe could use the timetable easily. CShe spoke highly of the changes. DShe looked fine when she taught.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四川一些学校的新规定：早晨上课时间推迟一个小时。同时介绍了学生、家长和老师对此新举措的看法。【答案精析】1D推理判断题。由第三段“The changes have made students happy.”可知是这些改变使学生开心。再由第一段第二句“Sichuan students are getting an extra hour to sleep in the morning.”和第二段第三句“For junior high schools, the first class will begin no earlier than 8：30 am.”可知，这一新规定带来的好处就是他们能更晚起床。2B词义猜测题。less“更少的”； more “更多的”；new“新的”；old“旧的”。由第五段第二、三句“He used to get up at 6：40 am.Now he can get up at 7：40 am because the first class doesnt start until 8：40 am.”可推知在学校新规实施之后，学生早上可以多睡一个小时，故选B。3D单词指代题。由前一句话“I used to drink coffee every night or I would feel too sleepy to do my homework.”可知，以前要靠喝咖啡来提神完成作业，现在可以不用喝咖啡完成作业了。故it指代“家庭作业”。4C推理判断题。由老师的话中“now they look fine and they learn much better than before”可推知老师持赞扬态度。B 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 There are a lot of discussions these days about healthy kids.Here are some rules to live by, if youre a kid who wants to be fit.1_E_ If you eat different foods, youre more likely to get different nutrients your body need.Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a daytwo fruits and three vegetables.Drink enough milk.2_G_ And milk is a great drink to have calcium.How much do kids need? If you are younger than 9 years old, drink 3 cups of milk per day.3_A_4_D_ The more time you spend on TV, DVDs or playing video games, the less time you spend on outdoor games, such as basketball, bike riding, and swimming.Be active.Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities.Find ways to be active every day.5_B_ So you can choose one of them and follow your parents when they say its time to stop watching TV or playing computer games!AYou can mix it up with some other calciumrich foods.BYou might even write down a list of fun things to do.CYou shouldnt spend too much time on outdoor activities.DControl screen time.EEat different foods.FKids like to eat new food.GKids need calcium to build strong bones. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如果想做健康的孩子，请遵循以下建议：吃不同食物摄取人体所需营养；喝足够的牛奶，促进骨骼生长；控制屏幕时间；积极参加户外活动。【答案精析】1E由后文内容“如果吃不同种类的食物，就更有可能获得身体所需要的不同的营养成分。”可以概括此段说的是要吃不同的食物。故选E。2G由后文所说“牛奶是含钙量丰富的饮品”可知G选项“钙可以帮助骨骼发育”符合语境。3A段末的空白处应围绕前文所述，前文是说喝牛奶补钙促进骨骼发展，A选项中说可以跟其他含钙丰富的食物混合在一起 , it 指代的是milk, 逻辑关系和句意皆符合上下文语境。4D段首设空应看本段的后文，后文是说看电视玩电脑游戏的时间应该控制好，因此，本段的主题句应该是D选项。5B由后文“So you can choose one of them”可以得出前文说了一些可以选择的活动，而B 选项中有“a list of fun things to do”与后文内容呼应。 .补全对话请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每空一句)W：Good morning, doctor.M：Good morning.Sit down, please.You dont look well. Whats the matter?W：I have a sore throat.M：Have you got a fever?W：1_Yes,_I_have. My temperature is a little high.M：How long has it lasted?W：2_Since_yesterday. I was caught in the rain yesterday afternoon.When I got home I was all wet. M：Did you have any medicine?W：No, I didnt.3_What_should_I_do_now?M：You should drink some hot tea with honey, and take the medicine.Its good for your throat.W：4_Can_I_go_to_school_as_usual?M：Of course, you can, if you dont want to be absent from school.Its not that serious.W：5_Thank_you,_doctor./Thanks_a_lot,_doctor.M：Youre welcome.书面表达同学们马上就要进入高中了，你们将迎来更多的机遇和挑战。你准备好了吗？你认为哪些良好的习惯可以帮助你在高中阶段更上一层楼？请结合下面图表写一篇发言稿。提示：1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚， 行文连贯，可适当发挥想象； 2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名； 3.词数不少于80，开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear students， Have you got ready for the senior high school life? Now let me tell you something about how to get good habits in your new study life._I hope you will form a good habit and enjoy your new school life.Yours，Li Hua【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1这是一篇发言稿，应使用第一人称阐述我们应该具体怎么做来养成健康的习惯；2根据图表提示，可以从学习习惯和生活习惯两大方面来写：学习习惯可分为课堂习惯和课外习惯，如上课集中注意力听讲，课后要对功课制定计划等方面来展开说明；生活习惯则从饮食习惯、睡眠习惯等方面来展开说明；3可以适当发挥想象再补充一两点。【写作模板】【高分范文】Dear students， Have you got ready for the senior high school life? Now let me tell you something about how to get good habits in your new study life._A_healthy_and_happy_life_starts_with_good_living_habits.Firstly,_we_should_have_good_eating_habits.We_should_have_three_meals_on_time.Try_to_eat_different_kinds_of_vegetables_and_fruit.Secondly,_we_should_have_a_good_sleeping_habitget_up_early_and_go_to_bed_early.We_should_also_form_good_learning_habits.Its_important_for_us_senior_high_school_students_to_make_full_use_of_time.In_class_we_should_listen_to_teachers_carefully.After_class,_wed_better_make_a_plan_for_our_study,_then_follow_it_strictly.I hope you will form a good habit and enjoy your new school life. Yours， Li Hua