高考英语二轮复习 考点题组训练 专题13 七选五1

专题13 七选五 (2016新课标)主题：密码的设置词数：192Secret codes(密码)keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years._1_ Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”_3_ You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book._4_ For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” _5_ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language，some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。密码在银行、公司、政府等各个领域有着广泛的应用。本文主要介绍了密码设置的三种方式。1D根据空后“Code breaking never lags far behind code making.”可知，有密码的设置就有破译密码的存在，故D项“As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.(只要有密码存在，人们就设法破解它)”可以承接上下文。2E根据空前“There are three main types of cryptography.”及后面举的例子可知，本空应介绍设置密码的第一种方式：要隐藏一条信息，可以用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，故选E项。3G根据空后“You might represent each letter with a number.”及后面的内容可以判断，这是介绍密码设置的另一种方法，即将字母表中字母排列顺序转化为数字信息，故G项符合语境。4F根据空前“To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book.”可知，你需要借用解码书来找出密码所对应的意思，F项“有了解码书，你就可以写下代表着别的词语的密码”符合语境。5A根据上文及下一句“However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知，上一句与下一句是转折关系，故A项“没有解码书很难完成解密工作”符合语境。 (2016新课标)主题：如何装饰花园词数：204A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts？_1_But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._2_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)_3_However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important._4_how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth._5_Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，tooGFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have【语篇导读】本文介绍了两条装饰花园的建议：1.弄清楚你为什么要搞园艺；2.回忆你以前看到过的花园。1F根据设空处前后句的句意“你是否参观过使你感觉非常好的花园？”和“但是，这并不是偶然发生的。”可知，F项“你也可以把你的花园装饰得如此怡人”使得上下文语意连贯，衔接紧密。2A此处缺少主题句。根据本段倒数第二句“However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，本段主要讲要弄清楚你为什么要搞园艺。故选A项。3E本段介绍人们对于园艺的观点：有些人认为花园只是指一些花花草草；有些人关心少用水、少用肥料的园艺方法。设空处仍然在说明人们对园艺不同的看法。故E项“还有其他一些人只是喜欢待在户外，接触植物”承接上文。4C根据设空处前一句“不重要”可知，强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。5G根据本段内容及主题句“Recall your childhood memories”可知，如果自己装饰一个花园，要回忆一下自己小时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制订计划并把自己以前的记忆变成美丽的花园。故G项符合语境。【长难句分析】It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.它从听从你内心的想法开始，明白了对自然世界而言你是谁和你是如何完成园艺工作的过程。who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句，作understanding的宾语。 (2016新课标)主题：如何挑鱼和烹饪词数：183Everyone knows that fish is good for health._1_ But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult._2_ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way._3_ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh._4_ When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish._5_ First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，its ready to serve.ADo not buy it.BThe easiest is to steam it.CThis is how you can do it.DIt just requires a little knowledge.EThe fish will go bad within hours.FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it.GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【语篇导读】吃鱼对身体有好处，因为鱼的脂肪可以预防心脏方面的疾病。文章介绍了如何挑选新鲜的鱼和鱼的烹饪方法。1G前一句提到鱼对身体有好处，后一句说似乎许多人不在家做鱼。由此可知，所填的句子是对身体有好处的内容，G项符合语境。2D根据前一句的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.”可知，D项“它只需要很少的知识”与语意相符。3F根据下文的“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，此处谈的是买鱼时要首先闻一下鱼，所以选F项。4A这里谈论的是买鱼，鱼有了味道，证明鱼不新鲜了，所以不要买，故A项承接前一句内容。5B根据下文的“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it.”可知，谈论的是蒸鱼的方法，所以选B项。【长难句分析】When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.当你买了鱼拿回家后，如果不立刻烹饪，最好放在冰箱里，但是新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱里储存一两天。本句结构比较复杂。when引导的是时间状语从句，主句是youd better store.，该句和but fresh fish should be.是转折关系，if引导的是条件状语从句。 (2016四川)主题：女性寿命更长的原因词数：195Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries._1_ In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women._2_ Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._3_ They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men._4_ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly._5_AHowever，women，on average，live longer.BThe biological factor plays an important part.CWomen are also helped by their female genes.DThe female hormones also protect the body in another way.ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.FTherefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.GHormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了女性比男性寿命更长的原因。1A根据下句“In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.”可知，本空应说明“女性比男性寿命更长”，故A项符合语境。2G根据上句 “One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.”可知，导致女性寿命更长的原因之一是男女荷尔蒙的不同，而空后内容介绍了荷尔蒙对于女性的作用，故应选G项。3D根据下句“They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.”可知，本段讲女性荷尔蒙在保护女性健康方面的作用，故选D项。4C根据下句中的“Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging.”可知，本段讲女性基因和寿命的关系，故选C项。5E根据上两句“Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.”可知，人们对男女身体细胞和年龄的关系有两种猜测，E项“最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能性”符合语境，故选E项。 (2016北京)主题：冒险词数：264The Science of RiskSeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking._1_ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why？Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risktakers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring._2_ As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then？Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risktaking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stayinthecave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it._3_No matter where you are on the riskseeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years._4_ To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well._5_ For the riskseekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of riskseeking，well continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool.AIt all depends on your character.BThose are the risks you should jump to take.CBeing better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.DThus，these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.EThis is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.FHowever，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文，作者探讨为什么有人喜欢冒险，有的人害怕冒险，作者从人类早期入手展开探讨，说明这一切都是由人的不同性格造成的。1F本项的weigh risks and rewards与前文呼应，属关键词再现。2C本项的those things指的就是空格前一句中提到的hunting，fighting，or exploring；chance of survival与上文的early humans呼应，因此选C。3A前文说人们有各种不同的性格，有人喜欢赛车，有人讨厌赛车，从语境的连贯看，这里选A表示“你是否喜欢赛车，主要是你的性格决定的”。4E本项的“走出家庭，进入更广阔的世界”与上文的your teenage years呼应。5G结合空后的“.a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while.a part of the brain related to.”可知，这与G项的brains work differently和a nervous situation在内容方面一致。 (2015新课标)主题：重建信任词数：243Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._1_ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._2_ Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there._3_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing._4_ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose “everything”Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._5_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了当人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。1B第一句说“信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。”，本句是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文刚出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义：putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托以信任)。选项B与第一句形成顺承关系。2E选项E与上下文都能形成因果关系。选项E“他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生”是上一句“Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有时候人们不能再信任任何人。)”的原因，并且与下一句“Its understandable.”也能形成因果关系。正因为他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生，所以引出下一句“Its understandable.”。3A空格位于段首，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A“Learn to really trust yourself.”与空格后的“Having confidence in yourself”形成同义复现。trust yourself等于have confidence in yourself。4C空格位于段首，极有可能是祈使句。下文说“如果你被背叛了，那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的”，选项 C“Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)”就起到总结本段的作用，并且选项C中的victim一词在下文反复出现多次，形成词汇复现。5G选项G“看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。”与下一句“Instead，its a healthy way.”形成转折关系，并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。【长难句分析】But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.但是，做坏事的人将不负责修复错误，那么当由这样的行为所导致的关系缺少信任时，你就不能成功。这是一个主从复合句。when引导的是时间状语从句；状语从句中含有一个that引导的定语从句；定语从句中又含有一个where引导的定语从句。 (2015新课标)主题：为马拉松做准备词数：182Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._1_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._2_.As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._3_，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._4_.After two weeks，start timing yourself._5_.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time【语篇导读】本文是说明文。马拉松是需要耐力的，但是在跑马拉松之前你应该做一些必要的准备工作。文章为我们介绍了跑马拉松前的准备工作。1C根据下文“买双最适合你的跑鞋”可以推知，前半部分应该是“在开始你的培训之前”。故选C。2E根据前面一句话，“当你已经找到看上去适合你的鞋子的时候，穿上几天后再次核实一下是否合适”。可知，紧接着应该写如果依然感觉很好的话，你就可以穿着这双鞋跑步了。3A根据前一句“During the first week.”可知本句应该是表示在六天以后，休息一天是明智的。故选A。4D上一句讲在接下来的一周，每天设定一个目标，每次跑步至少要1.5英里。由此可以推断紧接着应该是讲每天再增加半英里的距离。5G根据上文的距离和时间，可知下句应该把“时间与距离”结合起来，只有G符合语境。【长难句分析】No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.没人能说出哪个品牌最适合你或者最适合你的脚，因此当你买鞋的时候，必须依靠你的体验和对每双鞋的感觉。本句为主从复合句。which引导宾语从句，so引导结果状语从句，as引导时间状语从句。其中，rely on意为“依赖，依靠”。 (2015北京)主题：白日做梦词数：243This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy._1_They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history._2_ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First，understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._3_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._4_Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._5_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.AHaving interesting things to think about also helps.BThey stare off into space and wander by themselves.CWithout wandering minds，we wouldnt have relativity，Coke or Postit notes.DAt one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.EIt involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.FDaydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.GTherefore，its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。本文介绍了白日做梦的利与弊，并指出在人类历史上有许多伟大的想法或成就都是白日做梦促成的。同时文中也指出了如何避免白日做梦。1B本句是对白日做梦的解释。根据上文的“They can seem.”和下文的“They annoy us.”可知，所填的句子应和上下文一致，B项符合这一特征。2C本句的关键词语是“some of the greatest ideas and achievements”，C项中的relativity，Coke or Postit notes正好与此相符。3A上文的关键词是help，选项A中的also help和上文的help相呼应。两句都介绍有助于做白日梦的情况。4E上文谈到，精力集中是一些人用来避免睡着的工具。由此可知，下面要谈到如何才能集中精力，选项E中的“steady breathing.”便是具体的做法；另it指代mindfulness；选项中的attentive和前一句中的being focused同义。5G根据上文的“你绝不会知道当你慢慢走神的时候，你会想到什么样的绝妙的主意。”，因此，要准备好把你的想法记录下来。 (2014新课标)主题：培养孩子优秀的技能词数：240The jobs of the future have not yet been invented._1_ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious._2_ Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?2CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._3_ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps