高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解优编题（二）1

陕西宜川县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解优编题（二）（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf_your_ship，making you question whether your ship still can be spotted among such floating mountains.They are so improbable looking that you simply look in wonder.It seems that nothing that large could be naturaland then it strikes you that something so large could only be natural.Now，people realize that as climate change is raising global temperatures，more icebergs are being born.Antarctica creates far more of them than Greenland，the source of bergs in Arctic waters.Antarcticas are also much larger，sometimes reaching the size of small countries.Recent data show the average atmospheric temperature has increased about 4.5 in the western Antarctic Peninsula since the 1940s，making the region，among the fastest warming on earth.This jump has been shown in the recent breaking of major ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula.As a result，thousands of new icebergs have broken off，from ice shelves into the Southern Ocean at an accelerated rate.Even as more icebergs are being created，scientists are learning that they are far from inactive masses of ice.In fact，they strikingly alter their environments biologically，chemically，and physically，making them islands of life in the open sea.Observers at sea have long remarked that they attract seals，and seabirds，and divers have noticed that fish are more numerous near them than in the surrounding sea.Now scientists are learning just what the attraction is all about.Depending on their size，location，and the season，icebergs can be nurturers (培养者) or destroyers.During their existencetypically years from breaking off from an Antarctic or Greenlandic glacier to their gradual melting as they float into lower altitudes，they support animals on，around，even inside their splendid ice castle.They fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.Grounded bergs can shelter areas of the seafloor，protecting bottomliving creatures from freefloating icebergs.However，large bergs can also trap sea ice，preventing its annual breakup and thus stopping phytoplankton (浮游植物) from getting lifegiving sunlight，breaking the food chain at its first link.Icebergs will continue to astonish and attract visitors to the polar regions.But now these frozen large masses are taking on a new dimension of wonder as we uncover their vital role in the environment of polar seas.No longer can we look at icebergs as mere passive white mountains floating in the sea.They are active agents of change，each one is an icy oasis with awake of life as it floats on its unstoppable oceanic journey to melting.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了随着全球气温不断上升，冰山数量不断增多。冰山的增多从生物、化学、物理等多个方面改变着环境，对海洋既有利也有弊。1Why does the author mention “dwarf_your_ship” in the first paragraph?ATo explain how natural icebergs are.BTo show how powerful icebergs are.C.To describe icebergs as floating ships.DTo tell the unbelievable size of icebergs.答案D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf your ship，making you question.such floating mountains.可知作者是想表达冰山难以置信得大。2What can we learn from the passage?AThe temperature in Arctic is rising faster than that in Antarctica.BThe ocean food chain breaks due to the melting of icebergs.CFloating icebergs help shelter bottomliving ocean creatures.DGlobal warming has kept bringing icebergs into being.答案D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知D项正确。根据第二段第四句.the average atmospheric temperature.among the fastest warming on earth.可知A项错误；根据第四段第四句Grounded bergs can.from free floating icebergs可知C项错误；根据第四段第五句However，large bergs.at its first link.可知B项不正确。3From the passage we can conclude that icebergs can _Apreserve ocean creaturesBcarry ocean nutrients awayCcreate a warm polar environmentDkeep sea animals away from polar seas答案A细节理解题。根据第四段第三句They fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.可知A项正确。4What is the authors attitude toward icebergs?ACautious. BObjective.CDoubtful. DDisapproving.答案B推理判断题。通读全文可知作者只是在客观描述事实，并未表达任何个人观点，因此B项正确。cautious意为“谨慎的”；doubtful意为“怀疑的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的”。社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2013福建,E)改编A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg,the programs founder,said:“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example,weve secured internships (实习) with world-famous firms such as Honda.“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring,it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn,14,is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛).The event was held for young people from around the world,to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“ Before we left I didnt quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didnt stop,it was amazing,” he said,“ We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse,violence and unemployment.Kieran said:“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury1.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to .A.train staff for world-famous firmsB.offer job opportunities to young adultsC.provide youth with unique experiences D.equip the unemployed with different skills2.According to Alex Goldberg,it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to .A.the lack of support from firmsB.the cultural differences C.the effect of unemploymentD.the shortage of money3.According to the passage,the forum focused on how youth can .A.build up their confidence at schoolB.find work experience opportunitiesC.improve their social skills for the futureD.play an active role in the change of society4.We can learn from the passage that .A.the visit to the United Kingdom was amazingB.Kieran has made great progress in many aspectsC.the youth have found a way to solve their problemsD.the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday5.What would be the best title for the passage?()A.Alex Goldberg,Founder of Young InspirationsB.Young People Find a World of OpportunityC.Kieran,Banbury School Pupil to ParisD.Debates Help Youth with Their Grades语篇解读:本篇为说明文。主要介绍一种新推行的导师体系。既能帮助年轻人提高学业水平,又给年轻人提供了改变命运,开创美好未来的机会。答案及剖析:1.C细节理解题。依据第二段可知,Young Inspirations mentoring program旨在为学生和11至21岁的无业青年提供独特的经历。故C项正确。2.D细节理解题。依据第五段首句中的“At a time of funding cutbacks”可知,在削减资金的时候,学校难以提供这种指导。故选D项。3.D细节理解题。依据倒数第三段第一句可知,这次讨论的主题是年轻人如何在社会变革中发挥积极作用。故D项正确。4.B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段不难推断,这次讨论会不仅使Kieran获得了信心,而且社会技能和学业也取得了巨大进步,故选B项。5.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍导师制这一新体系给年轻人的未来生活提供了许多经验和机会,故B项正确。【长难句子分析】 该活动是为全世界的年轻【2015高考复习】阅读理解Commuters (上下班往返的人) who drive to work will face a parking charge of up to 350 a year.Ministers are backing a workplace parking charge which will come into force in Nottingham in 2013 and is likely to be adopted across the country.The scheme will see firms with more than ten parking places for staff charged 350 a year for each space in two years.Employers would be free to pass on the charge to their staffmeaning it would effectively be a tax on driving to work.The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport，but critics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers (金库)Some ten million Britons drive to work each day，and the British Chambers of Commerce says the new charge could total 3.4 billion a year if rolled out nationwide.Already some firms in Nottingham have threatened to leave the city，where 40,000 commuters use their cars to get to work.A spokesman said the scheme was nothing more than a tax on jobs.“It is very unfair to discriminate against those employers who have parking spaces，which get vehicles off the streets，” he said.“And these charges apply around the clock，which is especially unfair on shift workers who rely on their cars because public transport is not available.This is more about increasing the governments income than reducing traffic.”However，Transport Minister Sadiq Khan gave the plan an official approval during a visit to Nottingham.The council says the tax will raise as much as 100 million over ten yearsone fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city.Another transport spokesman Theresa Villiers said the tax would have a devastating impact on businesses struggling to cope with the economic decline.But Richard Hebditch of the Campaign for Better Transport said the tax would raise money to invest in better transport.“We put forward the idea of workplace parking taxes as a fairer way to raise money to invest in the future local transport services.We are pleased that the people of Nottingham will be the first to benefit.”【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了Nottingham将出台政策对工作场所停车收费及由此引发的激烈讨论。1Supporters argue that the scheme_.Acan help improve the parking conditions for the staffBshould be applied to ail commuters driving to workCis certain to be carried out despite the objectionsDwill relieve traffic pressure and improve public transport解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport，but critics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers (金库)”可知，支持者认为这个方案能够缓解交通压力，改善公共交通。答案D2According to the objectors，the scheme is unfair for_.Athe firms with parking lotsBthe workforce without carsCthe employees parking their cars on the streetsDthe staff driving to work in the daytime解析细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句可知，A项正确。答案A3Which word can best describe Theresa Villierss attitude towards the scheme?ANeutral.BNegative.CUnderstanding.DPositive.解析态度推断题。根据第六段内容可知，Theresa Villiers对这个方案持否定态度。答案B4It can be inferred from the passage that_.Amany firms are willing to pay the charges for their staffBthe public transport in Nottingham is in great need of improvementCthe author believes Britons will benefit from the schemeDthose firms with more commuters will leave Nottingham解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“The council says the tax will raise as much as 100 million over ten yearsone fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city.”以及最后一段内容可推知，Nottingham的公共交通急需改善。答案B【2015高考复习】阅读理解Are you the type of person who always says “yes”？Ive come to learn that it is very important to learn to say “no”Its okay.People are still going to like you.They may even respect you more because they know you are honest.Im not saying to say “no” to someone who really needs your help.Im talking about turning down that meeting that you really do not want to attend or that birthday party that you dont want to be a guest at.Think for a moment how you feel when you say “yes” to something that you really dont want to do.If youre like I once was，you cant sleep at night and you think about it too much.It weighs on your mind.You try to find ways out.Whatever youre saying to yourself，if you really wanted to go，you wouldnt have all of these thoughts.So，why not just say “no” from the beginning？Maybe you feel like if you dont show up at the meeting (by the way，it is not one you must attend)，your boss isnt going to like you or your coworkers wont respect you.Maybe you feel as if your mom，dad or sisters wont love you as much if you dont do everything for them what they ask every occasion.If these people are your true friends，family members，or a good boss，they will like or love you the same no matter what.People treat you the way you teach them to，and if youre someone who always says “yes”，then thats what theyre expecting.You need to do what is right for you.Of course we do have real obligations in life to fulfill，but we do not have to do everything others want us to do.【语篇解读】生活中，我们有义务完成应该做的事情，但是不必出于太多的顾虑，凡事惟命是从，要学会拒绝，学会说“不”。1Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?AWe should try to do what our friends ask us to do.BWe should help others in need.CAlways saying “yes” means you are dishonest.DAlways saying “no” means you are brave.解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句的内容可知，作者认为我们应该帮助需要帮助的人，故B项正确。答案B2Generally speaking，we agree to do what we hate to do because we_.Ahave a bad habit Bhave a kind heartChave much concern Dhave obligations解析推理判断题。结合第三段第二句中的“you think about it too much”以及本段后半部分的内容可推知，我们之所以同意做我们讨厌做的事情是因为我们有很多顾虑。答案C3The writer believes that if you say “no” to your family members，youll_.Ahave the same relationship with them as beforeBhave a loose relationship with themCdisappoint themDupset them解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句的内容可知，作者认为如果你对你的家人说“不”，他们与你之间的关系仍然会和以前一样。 答案A4What would be the best title for the text?ALearn to Make a Right ChoiceBTo Be YourselfCDo What You Want to DoDLearn to Say “No”解析主旨大意题。文章第一段就开门见山地点明了本文的中心话题，即要学会说“不”，所以D项作为本文的标题最合适。答案D人而举办的,其目的是探寻年轻人是如何看待青年的未来和教育的未来的。