高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础题（一）

贵州江口县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础题（一）（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。SHANGHAIHealth experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families，50 percent in public places，and almost 6 percent on public transportation，shows a research released by the Shanghai Childrens Medical Center on Tuesday.“Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking, ”said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Childrens Medical Center.“Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke.”Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats，and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not developmentally as quickly as their peers.Other research by the Shanghai Childrens Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke filled household, where one or both parents smoke.“Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally smoke free home, ”said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke，180 million of them younger than 15.The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.“There are more young smokers than before.You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street.Some of them are even female students, ”said Jing Xingming, a professor of childrens developmental behavior at the center.“Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents.If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle，”Jin said.Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers.Also, around 40 million of the countrys 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.【语篇解读】本文主要说明了许多儿童目前受二手烟的影响，以及二手烟对儿童产生的危害。1What is the main idea of the passage?AAbout half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.BExperts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.CMore and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.DSmoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.答案B主旨大意题。根据文章大意，文章先说明了许多儿童目前受二手烟的影响，后文又说明了二手烟对儿童的危害，所以文章主要说明的其实是呼吁保护孩子们免受二手烟影响，故选B。2Which youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?AChildren of nonsmoking mothers.BChildren of nonsmoking fathers.CChildren of heavy smokers.DChildren from some smoking centers.答案C细节理解题。根据文中第六段倒数第一句“if parents often smoke at home，it is vey likely children will develop a smoking habit”可知， 如果父母经常在家吸烟，孩子就更可能养成吸烟的习惯，故选C。3Which of the following diseases may NOT be connected with secondhand smoking?ACancer. BBehavioral problems.CSore throats. DCoughs.答案B细节理解题。根据文中第三段第一句话“Research has shown.more colds，coughs, and sore throats and they.will have a higher risk of developing cancer”可知A、C、D均与二手烟有关，故选B。4The underlined word “vicious” in the sixth paragraph most probably means _Acomplete Bsimple Cgreat Dbad答案D词义猜测题。根据单词所在句句意“如果父母经常在家吸烟，孩子就更可能养成吸烟的习惯”而吸烟是一种不良习惯，所以这种循环应该是一种恶性循环，故选D。5What can be inferred from the passage?AAbout 80 percent of the children in the Shanghai Childrens Medical Center smoke heavily.BAbout 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Childrens Medical Center.CAbout 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.DChildren aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.答案D推理判断题。根据文章倒数第一段第二句可知“around 40 million of the countrys 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking，and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco”可知13到18岁的儿童更容易对吸烟上瘾，故选D。文中第一段的数据只是由Childrens Medical Center调查研究提供的，是对整个城市的一个普遍调查，不是在这个中心内的，故A、B项错误，根据文中倒数第三段第一句可知54 000万人是间接吸烟者，并不是吸烟的人，故C项错误。2016高考英语阅读理解-政治经济文化类 13、With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that dont have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.【小题1】According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that _. Ait makes people more confidentBit can pick up people s spiritsCit can help rid the cruelty in the worldDit can help people get on well with others【小题2】The phrase “busting a gut in the third paragraph can be replaced by _. Aexplaining carefullyBspeaking loudCkeeping silentDlaughing hard【小题3】In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to _. Atalk about his own understanding of humorBencourage people to be humorous in daily lifeCintroduce a practical way to get through daily lifeDconvince people of the power of being optimistic about life【小题4】What is the author s attitude towards the present world? APositive.BCritical.CSatisfied.DIndifferent. 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。【陕西省西安市第一中学2014高考英语二模试题】AAdvertising gives useful information about which products to buy. But modern advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Todays advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers to buy certain brands. Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can, sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clothing, eat a special kind of cereal, or see a movie. Consumers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it.For example, you probab1y do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on a shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Advertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy.【小题1】What is discussed in this passage? A. The content of modern advertising.B. The skills of modern advertising. C. The results of modern advertising.D. The writing of modern advertising. 【小题2】According to the passage, a good advertisement should _.A. be both persuasive and effective B. give people useful informationC. show people a productD. show people a new idea of a product 【小题3】From the passage, we know that_ . A. modern advertising has less effect on customers B. once customers see ads about a new cerea1, they are sure to buy itC. cereal can make people strongD. cereal is a kind of food which is popular among people 【小题4】 What can we infer from the passage?A. Customers can easily be persuaded by advertisements.B. Customers should be persuaded by advertisements.C. Its impossible for customers to buy a product without advertisements. D. Customers buy products according to their demands rather than the advertisements. 【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】A2016高考英语阅读理解-政治经济文化类CANYOUMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOREADSENTENCESLIKES? Every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a secondthoughtActually，the ancient Greeks wrote this wayThe lack of punctuation marks probably didnt bother good readers，thoughAs they read，they just put pauses where they fit best. Also at this time，sentences switched directionsA sentence read from leftto rightThe next one read right to left，and then left to right again，etcThe ancient Romans sometimes punctuatedlike this：They put somethingthat can separate words in a sentenceThe wordpunctuationactually comes from this idea andthe Latin word“punctum”which means a lot. When the 5th century arrived，there were just twopunctuation marks：spaces and pointsThe spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in readingThen in the 13th century，a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuationHe always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentenceHe used a slash()toindicate a short pauseOver timethat slash was shortened and curled，and it became the modern comma(逗号) Since that time，other marks have enlarged the punctuation familyThe exclamation mark(感叹号)comes from the Latin word“io”It means “exclamation of joy”.The question mark originally started out as the Latin word“questio”，meaning“question”Eventually，scholars put it attheend of a sentence to show a question Punctuation even keeps changing nowadaysNew marks are coming into existence，and old punctuation marks are used in new waysTake for example the“interrobang”This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want bothFor example“She did what?!”or“How much did you pay for that dress?!”Obviously,the interrobang is not widelyused or recognized yet，but its invention shows that English is not yet finishedwith its punctuation【小题1】From the first paragraph，we can know that_. Agood readers had trouble reading without punctuation marksBa sentence always read from left to right in ancient GreeceCancient Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marksDthe use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times【小题2】We can learn from the passage that_ Aancient Romans didnt use any punctuation marksBexclamation and question marks came from LatinCspaces and slashes were already used before the 5th centuryDAldus Manutiusfast started to use commas【小题3】What can be concluded from the last paragraph? AThe combinationoftwo marks will not work.BIt takes time for people to accept new punctuation marksCOld punctuation marks need to be standardizedDPunctuation marks are still changing today