高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解技能训练题11

浙江武义县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解技能训练题 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flowers sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees. Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs awayor even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies. Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The“e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants. The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software. To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器). The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, peper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damageby insects or with a hole punchhad been done to the tomato leaves. With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future. 1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by . A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals 2. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked? A. They presented it with all common crops. B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. C. They collected different damaged leaves. D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves. 3. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can . A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quickly C. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves 4. We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose . A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhouses C. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects 【参考答案】14、CDCB 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 Alzheimers disease affects millions of people around the world. American researchers say the disease will affect more than one hundred million people worldwide by the year twenty fifty. That would be four times the current number. Researchers and doctors have been studying Alzheimers patients for a century. Yet the cause and cure for the mental sickness are still unknown. However, some researchers have made important steps towards understanding it. Several early signs of the disease involve memory and thought processes. At first, patients have trouble remembering little things. Later, they have trouble remembering more important things, such as the names of their children. There are also some physical tests that might show who is at risk of developing Alzheimers disease. The tests look for proteins in brain and spinal cord fluid. The proteins appear to be found only in people with the disease. The protein tests correctly identify the presence of the disease in about ninety percent of patients. Now, a much simpler physical test to predict Alzheimers risk has been developed. Researchers found that trouble with the sense of smell can be one of the first signs of Alzheimers. Using this information, they developed a test in which people were asked to identify twelve familiar smells. These smells included cinnamon, black pepper, chocolate, paint thinner, and smoke. The study continued for five years. During this period, the same people were asked to take several tests measuring their memory and thought abilities. Fifty percent of those who could not identify at least four of the smells in the first test had trouble with their memory and thinking in the next five years. Another study has shown a possible way to reduce a persons chances of developing Alzheimers disease in old age. Researchers in Chicago found that people who use their brains more often are less likely to develop Alzheimers disease. Those who read a newspaper, or play chess or word games are about three times less likely to develop the condition. Researchers say they still do not know what causes Alzheimers disease. But they say these findings might help prevent the disease in the future. 6. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Some early signs of the Alzheimers disease. B. Some physical tests about Alzheimers disease. C. The research about Alzheimers disease. D. The patients of Alzheimers disease. 7. Whats the current number of Alzheimers patients? A. 100 million B. 25 million C. 400 million D. 2050 million 8. What is NOT the early signs of the Alzheimers disease according to the passage? A. Poor memory B. Proteins exist in the brain. C. Trouble with the sense of smell. D. Less use of the brain. 9. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Alzheimers disease. B. Alzheimers patients. C. The cause and cure. D. The research. 10. According to the passage, we can learn that _. A. there are no proteins in the brains of the people with no Alzheimers disease B. the people who often use their brains will not get Alzheimers disease C. researchers and doctors have found ways to cure Alzheimers disease D. the people who have the trouble with the sense of smell will certainly suffer from Alzheimers disease 全解全析 本文主要讲述对老人痴呆症的研究。 C 主旨大意题。根据全文所讨论的内容得知，选项 A, B, D 选项在文章中有讨论过, 但不全面。 B 细节理解题。由第一段第二,第三行可知:到 2050 年老人痴呆症病人的人数会达到 100 million, 也就是 现在的 4 倍,现在的人数就是 25 million。 D 细节理解题。A, B, C 都是老人痴呆症的早期特征, D 项指少用脑只会更容易得老人痴呆症, 而不是它 的早期特征。 A 词义猜测题。根据上文和此句的意义可知答案。 A 推理判断题。由第三段 The proteins appear to be found only in people with the disease 可推断 出答案。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 Slang is a popular, less official and often very current form of language. It is an important part of a living language and is constantly changing as language changes. Slang is often playful, direct and sometimes less respectful than the more official and traditional version of language. So now Im going to lay it on you! To “lay it on” is American slang for “to tell” or “to explain.” Slang can take many forms. For example, slang can be local to one city or area. In Washington, D.C. there is a whole set of slang to describe politics and business in the city. For example, the term POTUS stands for President of the United States. POTUS can often be found with his wife, FLOTUS, the first lady of the United States. “Inside the Beltway” is a popular expression that describes the area of Washington, D.C. The beltway is the large highway that circles the city. The Internet has helped create a whole new kind of computer-related slang. An “angry fruit salad” is an expression that describes a Web site with too many bright colors. “Netiquette” is slang for correct behavior when using the Internet. Young people often develop the latest slang. For example, to say Special English “rocks” or is “phat” means Special English is really great. A “kegger” is a party where beer is served. If something is “wack” it is wild and crazy. Different professions often have their own slang as well. For example, medical workers might refer to a complaining patient as a “gomer”. A tough stick is someone whose veins are difficult to find when he or she needs to have blood taken. No matter how well you speak English, there are always new and interesting slang words to discover. There are entire dictionaries for describing slang. Many experts do not even agree on what is and what is not slang. Often slang words later become a part of officially accepted language. Official or not, slang is an energetic and exciting part of the American language that continues to change. 11. Which of the following is NOT true for slang compared with the official language? A. Playful B. Direct C. Less respectful D. More official 12. It can be inferred from the passage that_. A. if you speak English very well, there is no problem for you to understand English speakers B. slang words are created by people in their daily life C. English speakers are clear whether it is a slang D. slang words will never be accepted as official language 13. Which of the following is not mentioned to have helped create slang? A. The internet. B. Young people. C. President of the United States. D. Professions 14. Where do you think is the passage adapted from? A. A radio speech B. A magazine. C. A textbook. D. A newspaper. 15. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. What is slang? B. Slang is popular C. Who creates slang? D. Slang is a language. 全解全析 本文主要介绍了美国俚语的一些情况。 D 细节理解题。由文中第一段可知答案。 B 推理判断题。文中提到俚语产生有地区性,各行各业, 各阶层中,由此可知答案。 C 细节理解题。由第二段可知,有代表美国总统的俚语,而不是美国总统创造俚语。 A 推理判断题。从文章第一段最后一句可知答案。 A 主旨大意题。B, C, D 都只是文章所涉及的部分内容。A 概括较全面。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 广东省广州市调研测试】 Imagine putting a seed in a freezer, waiting 30,000 years, and then taking the seed out and planting it. Do you think a flower would grow? Amazingly, scientists have just managed to do something very similar. They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberia a region covering central and eastern Russia for about 31,800 years. Using pieces of the fruit, the scientists grew plants in a lab. The new blooms have delicate white petals. They are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep freeze. “This is like regenerating a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg,” said University of California, Los Angeles biologist Jane Shen-Miller. The plant has a long history. Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia. The ground became permafrost, a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time. Recently, Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil. The plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them. Its important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time. Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. One such endeavor, an underground facility in Norway, is called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. It stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers. “No one knows how long they are able to live for, but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays.” Shen-Miller said. Its a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive the experience. 31. How did the fruit originally get underground? A. It was placed there by an animal. B. It was trapped there during the ice-age. C. It was planted there by ancient farmers. D. It was buried there after the earthquake. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia.可知最初的时候是有动物放在地下的，故选 A。 32. Which of the following was NOT used to recreate the ancient plant? A. Modern nutrients. B. Parts of its fruit. C. Its frozen seeds. D. Plant pots with soil. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil.从果实的一部分取组织，然后给这些组织一定的营养，然后把嫩芽放在有土壤的盆里 就能再重新栽培出古代的植物，这里没有提到冻了的种子，故选 C。 33. Why are scientists interested in this discovery? A. It helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30,000 years. B. It can help guide future efforts to protect endangered plant-life. C. It can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants. D. It proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.有了这个重要的发现有助于帮助我们未来去保护 频临灭绝的植物，故选 B。 34. The underlined word “they” in the final paragraph refers to _. A. plants B. seeds C. scientists D. storage lockers 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据 If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.及 able to live for 应该指的是种 子能够活多长，故选 B。 35. The purpose of the passage is to _. A. discuss a plant conservation effort B. introduce some ancient plants C. outline some causes of global warming D. describe a scientific research project 【答案】D 【解析】作者意图题。纵观全文的内容可知短文介绍了一个科研项目，故选 D。