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情态动词shall的特殊用法shall作情态动词使用时，方法比较特殊。在平时的练习中，同学们很容易出错。为了方便同学们掌握，本节课老师和同学们一起来总结一下。一. shall的特殊用法shall 做情态动词使用时，应从两方面来着手，第一是主语的人称；第二是句子的类型，句子是陈述句还是疑问句会影响shall的用法。1.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或请求指示。含义：“好吗? 要不要”Shall I tell John about it? 我把这件事告诉John好吗？ No, you neednt. Ive told him already. 你不必了。我已经把这件事告诉他了。 A man wants to see you, sir. Shall he come in now? 先生，有个人想见您。要不要让他现在进来?Shall we go to Huangshan this summer? 今年夏天咱们去黄山好吗？We went there last summer. What about travelling abroad? 我们去年夏天去的，到国外旅游怎么样？ Shall those books be sent over to you at once?把那些书立即给你送过来好吗？2. 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等。表示“命令”在法律条文、规章制度中，常用shall表示“命令”，意为“应该，必须”。Persons under 18 shall not be employed.禁止雇佣18周岁以下的劳动者。The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state .租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。表示说话人的许诺You shall have the money back next week.你下周一定可以拿回这钱。The boss has promised that every employee shall have a rise in income.老板已经答应给每一位员工涨工资。表示说话人其他的意愿If you children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party.(威胁)如果你们这些孩子不按我的话去做，你们就不能去参加晚会。You shall pay for this.（警告）你一定会为此付出代价的！Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. (决心)什么也不能阻止我们实现这项计划。She shall not stay in my garden . (命令)她不可以呆在我的花园里。二. 典型例题1. It has been announced that candidates _remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. canB. needC. mayD. shall答案：D2.Mike is often absent from class.Tell him he _answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.A. shallB. willC. wouldD. can答案：A解析：本题考查情态动词shall的特殊用法。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等。本题主语为第三人称he, 此处表示说话者的警告语气。句意：Mike经常逃课。告诉他如果他继续那样的话，他会为此付出代价的。三.总结1. shall用法总结：主语人称含 义用在疑问句中第一、三人称征求对方意见或请求指示用在陈述句中第二、三人称表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等2. 解题时，需要注意主语的人称和句子的类型。四.练习1. 【2012年辽宁卷】One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will2.【2011年陕西卷】Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. mightB. mustC. couldD. shall3. I promise that she _get a nice present on her birthday.It will be a great surprise to her.A. shouldB. shallC. mustD. would4. Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation，you _have one as a reward.Amust BneedCwould Dshall5. “Attention，please.Whoever can answer one of my questions _receive a prize，” the teacher said in class.Amight BshallCshould Dwould6. (2010江苏卷)I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.Acould BshallCmust Dmay参考答案与解析：1. 答案：C解析：考查情态动词。shall用在法律条文、规章制度中，表示“命令” 这种用法的主语为第三人称;might和could语气不够强,与rules不相称;will表示意愿或某种倾向或习惯性动作。句意：我们的校规之一就是:在校期间学生必须穿校服。2.答案：D3. 答案：B解析：考查情态动词用法由“promise”可知，此处表示说话者的许诺，所以应该使用情态动词shall。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等。句意：我答应在她生日那天，她会得到一份很好的礼物。那对她来说，一定是个很大的惊喜啊！4. 答案：D解析: 考查情态动词用法shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中表示征询对方意见；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示“警告、许诺、命令、威胁”等语气。本题中shall表示允诺。句意：如果你整个假期能够帮助洗盘子的话，就会得到一个MP5作为回报。5. 答案：B解析：考查情态动词用法shall用于第二、三人称时陈述句时，可以表示警告、命令、允诺、威胁等语气；might 表示可能性很小；should 表示“应该(义务性)”；would 表示意志(意愿)。这里选B项表示允诺。句意：老师在班里说：“请注意，谁可以回答出我的问题都可以得到一个奖品。”6. 答案：B解析：本题考查情态动词。shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气，根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气，故答案为B。could 能，能够；must 必须；may 也许，均不符合语境，可排除。句意：我至今还没有拿到参考书，但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。别担心，周五之前你一定可以拿到的。五. 阅读提升【2016年新课标1卷】阅读理解You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks.1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.3. Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor.D. Rosa Parks.4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creativeC. They are pioneers.D. They are peacelovers.
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