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专升本语法专题七,非谓语动词,一、谓语动词与非谓语动词,谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。1)Youngpeopleoftenhikeandtheyenjoyhikingverymuch.2)Rose,whoisanattractivegirl,worksinafactoryandnowsheisworkinganewmachine.非谓语动词在句子里不能作谓语的动词。,二、非谓语动词是什么样子呢？,它以三种形式出现：1.todo2.-ving3.ved,三、非谓语动词是动词吗？能充当其他成分吗？,是动词所以有时态、语态的区别1)Hetriedtoworkouttheproblem.2)Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3)ThetowerbeingrepairedwasputupintheTangDynasty.,四、n,adj,advn(主、表、宾),adj(定),adv(状),Toseeistobelieve.Sayingiseasierthandoing.Heloathedgettingupearlyinthemorning.Heisapromisingyoungman.Seeingacarcoming,theysteppedaside.,考点透析,一、作主语或表语Tohesitatemeansfailure.Tothinkofyoumakesmeold.Toknowoneselfisdifficult.Toerrishuman.Totalktoheristotalktoawall.Toloveistobeloved.Toseeheristoloveher.Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.Peterwastoperishinacarcrashandtoleaveawifeand6children.,考点一,（一）真正主语todo被置于句末，用it放在句首充当形式主语。Tospendyourvacationattheseasideisquitepleasure.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodnurse.IttakesSusan2hourstodressherselfupeachday.,考点一,1.Itis/was+adj+of/forsb+todoItwasthoughtful_hertocometoseemewhenIwasill.Itwasnasty_Jimtobehavelikethat.Itisimportant_ustounderstandthepoint.Itisfoolish_hertobuythepicture.,考点一,2.Itis+n+todoNapity,apleasure,onesduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,etc.Itisapitytogowithouther.Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.,考点二,（二）-ving作真正的主语，it为形式主语。结构为：Itis+n/adj+doingsthNnogood,nouse,nopoint,nosense,noharm,awasteoftimeetc.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisnogoodobjecting.ItisgoodplayingChinesechessaftersupper.,考点三,（三）todo与ving(n)作主语和表语时的区别Sendingane-mailisquitecommontoday.Tosendane-mailismytaskthisafternoon.MyjobisteachingEnglish.MytodaysjobistoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.,考点透析,二、作宾语常用todo作宾语的词有afford、attempt、continue、dare、decide、decline、endeavor、hesitate、hope、intend、prepare、pretend、tend、venture、want、volunteer等。Icantaffordtoliveinadetachedhouse.Peterfailedtopassthefinalexam.,考点一,（一）用it作形式宾语，真正宾语todo常用该结构的动词有：find、feel、believe、make、consider等。Ifounditinterestingtoplaysnooker.Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?,考点二,（二）作but/except的宾语，注意要不要to。Thereisnochoicebuttowaitandsee.HedidnothingbutplayPCgameseveryday.,考点三,（三）英语中，有的动词或词组后面必须+doing形式，不能接todo。如：avoid、admit、advocate、enjoy、feellike、escape、risk、havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doing、canthelpdoingsth等。Thegirlavoidgivingheranypersonalinfo.Doyoufeellikegoingtothemovie?Wehaddifficultyincarryingouttheplan.,考点四,（四）to是不定式？还是介词？be/getused/accustomedtodoing、beopposedto、devoteoneselfto、getdownto、lookforwardto、objectto、stickto、taketo等。Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.Myuncletooktosmokingyearsago.,考点透析,三、作宾补结构为：v+sb+todo。常见的动词有：advise、ask、compel、direct、enable、expect、force、tell、want、urge、persuade等。Tellthekidsnottoplayonthestreet.Helikeshiswifetodresswell.,高频考点,使役动词+sb+dosth感官动词+sb+do/doingWemusthavesomeonerepairthecomputer.Shesmellsthburningandsawsmokerising.Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.Isawhimswimintheriveryesterday.Isawhimswimmingintheriveryesterday.,考点透析,四、作定语todo作定语需要后置。sthtoeatwatertodrinkThereisnoneedtowakehimup.Didyouhaveaproperreasontosayso?Shewastheonlypersontogetascholarship.,考点一,如果todo和它前面的修饰词是动宾关系，不定式是vi，或是工作对象、工具等，这时不定式后需要相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolive_.Pleasegivemeaknifetocut_.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbooks_.Hehasakidtotakecare_.Shecanfindnoonetomakefriends_.Helentmeabooktokilltime_.,考点透析,五、作状语1、表目的Weeattolive.Tosavethechild,helaiddownhislife.Hurryupsoasnottobelatefortheclass.2、表结果（learn、find、see、hearetc.）Hesurvivedthecrashonlytodieinthedesert.Hestudiedhardonlytofail.Theypartednevertoseeeachother.,考点透析,六、-ving(adj)/-ved1、区别：现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动。现在分词表进行；过去分词表完成。atouching/movingstoryatouched/movedaudiencetherisingsun/acharminggirltherisensun/acharmedgirlthechangingworld/developingcountriesthechangedworld/developedcountries,考点透析,2、功能1）作表语Themusicispleasingtotheear.Hebecamediscouraged.Hegotpromoted.Thenewswasdisappointing.,考点透析,2）作宾补Shesmeltsthburn.Heshappytoseeheroldmothertakegoodcareofathome.Iwantthiswatchrepairatonce.,考点透析,3）作定语a）单个分词作定语前置。Boilingwater,agrown-updaughter,anescapedprisonerb）分词短语作定语要后置Isawagroupofstudentsreturnfromtheschool.MostoftheyoungteachersworkinthisuniversityarePh.D.Doyouknowthegirlemploybythiscompany?SuddenlyJohnsawalittlegirlrunuptohim.Thebook,completeinMay,sellswell.,考点透析,注意：-ving的时态和否定一般式doing动作同时或者几乎同时完成式havingdone动作一先一后否定式notdoing/havingdoneShesattherereadingthebook.Goingintotheroom,heshutthedoor.HavinglivedinHefeiformanyyears,Iknewthecitywell.Notknowingwheretogo,shewenttothepoliceforhelp.,考点透析,七、自己带主语的分词结构独立主格结构1.Weatherpermit,wellhaveanoutingtomorrow.Lunchfinish,theguestswentouttothelounge.Wedividedthework,shetocleanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutside.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.,考点透析,2.withstructurewith+n+-ving,-ved,adj,adv,todo,prep.Witheverythingconsider,weallthinkthisisaverygoodplan.Hefellasleepwiththelampburn.Sheenteredthetrainstation,withabaginhand.,考点透析,3.therebeing/itbeingTherebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.Itbeingimpossibleformoststudentstohandintheirpapers,theteacherdecidedtogivethemanothertwodays.,
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