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,1burst vt.&vi.(使)爆裂；(使)爆发；突然出现；闯入；充满 n. 突然破裂；爆发 归纳拓展 burst out 突然迸发；爆发 burst out doing sth.burst inton. 突然起来 burst out crying/laughingburst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑起来,burst into/in 闯入，闯进，突然破门而入 burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支 They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face. 看到她脸上的表情，他们都突然大笑起来。 I couldnt help bursting into tears when I heard the bad news.我听到这个坏消息时不禁泪流满面。 The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 16th Guangzhou Asian Games caused bursts of applause. 在第16届广州亚运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现赢得了阵阵掌声。,【链接训练】 One minute she burst into _ and the next burst out _.We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment. Acrying；laughter Btears；laughing Ctears；laughter Dcrying；laughing 【解析】 burst into tears “突然大哭起来”，burst out laughing“突然大笑起来”。burst inton.burst out doing“突然起来”。 【答案】 B,All the people present _ into cheers after they completed the launch of a new rocket. Abroke Bburst Cbursted Dgot 【解析】 句意为：新火箭成功升空后，在场所有的人都欢呼起来。burst into cheers“欢呼”，符合题意。 【答案】 B,2ruin (1)n.U衰败；毁灭；瓦解；C(pl.)废墟；遗迹 (2)vt.&vi.毁坏；毁灭；(使)破产 归纳拓展 (1)ruin oneself毁掉自己，自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 (2)lie/be in ruins成为一片废墟；破烂不堪 be the ruin of成为毁灭(堕落)的原因 come/fall into ruins破败不堪，成为废墟 bring sb.to ruin 使某人破产,Drink was his fathers ruin and it will be the ruin of him too！酗酒是他父亲毁灭的原因，他也将遭受同样的厄运。 The town lay in ruins after years of bombing. 经过几年的轰炸，这座城镇已成了一片废墟。 That one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job. 正是那个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。,同类辨析 ruin，destroy，damage与spoil (1)ruin 用作动词或名词，表示彻底毁坏某种美好的或有用的东西，这种毁坏也许没有多大力量，也不是一次打击的结果；也可表示使某人破产、身败名裂。 (2)destroy 用作及物动词，表示严重毁坏某物，使之不复存在或无法修复，也可用于抽象的东西，如名誉、计划、努力等，或表示毁掉某人的一生，使之对未来毫无希望。,(3)damage 主要指对价值和功能的毁坏，多指车辆、房屋、庄稼等事物受到损失或毁坏，但往往可以修复，也可以表示损伤某人的身体部位或对某人有不好的影响，也可用作名词。 (4)spoil“破坏，糟蹋”，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使原事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。,【链接训练】 The houses across the street are _，but they were in good condition a few years ago. Ain rows Bin ruins Cin number Din detail 【解析】 in rows意为“成行，成排”；in ruins意为“毁坏，破败不堪”；in number意为“总共”；in detail意为“详细地”。只有B项符合句意。 【答案】 B,(用 destroy，damage，ruin 的适当形式填空) They managed to repair the houses that had been _ . All their hopes were _ by her letter of refusal. He put my new white dress in the dirty water and _ it. 【答案】 damaged destroyed ruined,3injure vt.&vi.伤害；损害；毁坏(某人的名誉、感情) 归纳拓展 (1)injury (pl.injuries)n.伤口；损害 do an injury to sb.伤害某人 (2)injured adj.受伤的 the injured意思是“受伤的人；伤员”，谓语动词常用作复数形式。,Lucy got injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 露西在昨天的车祸中受伤了。 This could seriously injure the companys reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 His injuries were bad，so he went to hospital. 他的伤势很严重，所以去医院了。 The injured are taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院里受到良好的照顾。,同类辨析 hurt，injure，harm与wound (1)hurt是普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指心灵上、感情上的伤害。特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害。 (2)injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失，多指在意外事故中受伤。 (3)harm用于指肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。短语do harm to sb./do sb.harm/harm sb.对某人有危害。,(4)wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们心灵上的创伤。,【链接训练】 Have you heard it？At least 102 people were killed,22 _ and 13 _ in a terrible earthquake. Ainjuring；trapping Binjured；trapped Cinjured；trapping Dinjuring；trapped 【解析】 根据句意用injured和trapped表示被动意义，承前省略助词were。 【答案】 B,(用injure，hurt，wound，harm的适当形式填空) How many people were_ in the accident? What he said_ me deeply. The soldier was _ in the arm. Pollution can _ marine life. 【答案】 injured hurt wounded harm,4bury vt.埋葬，埋藏，用某物覆盖；使沉浸，使专心 归纳拓展 be buried alive被活埋 bury sth.under/beneath.将埋在下面 bury ones face in hands双手掩面 bury ones feelings感情不外露,bury oneself inbe buried in埋头于；专心于 She buried her face in her hands and wept. 她掩面而泣。 The paper was buried under a pile of books. 那份文件被掩藏在一堆书下面。 Since she left，hes buried himself in his work. 自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。,【链接训练】 He _ his head under his pillow because of the noise from upstairs.But he still couldnt _ asleep. Aburied；go Bplaced；went Cburied；fall Dlaid；go to 【解析】 句意为：由于楼上有噪音，他把头埋在枕头底下。但是，他仍旧不能入睡。bury sth. under/beneath.“将埋在下面”；fall asleep“入睡”，为固定短语。 【答案】 C,5judge n. 裁判员；法官；评判员 v. 断定；判断；判决；估计 归纳拓展,(2)judgewhclause/whto do 判断，断定 (3)judge sb./sth.from/by.评判，从来评价 (4)judging by/from 从来看，根据来判断 (5)judgement n判断，审判，意见，判断力 in ones judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法 From his letter，we judged his visit to China(to be)a great success. 我们从他的来信判断出他对中国的访问非常成功。,Dont judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。 Judging from what he said，he was very disappointed. 从他的话判断，他非常失望。 He was one of the judges at the horse race. 他是赛马会上的裁判员之一。 My judgement is that/In my judgement，the plan is illconceived.我的意见是/据我看来，该计划考虑不周。 诱导展望 judging from/by表示“从上看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。,【链接训练】 _ from what she did，she isnt a person to depend on. AJudge BJudged CJudges DJudging 【解析】 judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词形式，故选D。 【答案】 D,1at an end结束，终止 归纳拓展 (1)at the end of 在的末端/尽头(指时间或者空间的一个终点) by the end of到末，到时候为止(常与完成时态连用) make (both)ends meet量入为出；收支相抵 come to an end结束,bring sth.to an endput an end to sth.结束某事 in the end最后，终于 (2)end up结束，告终 end in以结束/结尾 My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。 I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必须警告你，我已经忍无可忍了。,I am determined to put an end to all these rumors. 我决心要制止这些流言蜚语。 Their struggle ended in failure.他们的斗争以失败告终。 【链接训练】 The war which lasted eight years _ at last. Aput an end Bcame to an end Cstopped to an end Dended in 【解析】 come to an end是一个固定搭配，意思是“结束”。句意为：持续8年的战争最终结束了。 【答案】 B,2a (great) number of 许多，大量 意思是“许多，若干”的短语：,A large number of books have been stolen from the library.图书馆失窃了很多书。 The number of books in the library is large. 图书馆里的书很多。 Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs. 很多著名的流行音乐歌星都因毒品而毁了。,They spent a great deal of money building the hospital. 他们花了很多钱建医院。 Large quantities of nuts are found inside trees hidden there by squirrels. 人们在树里发现了松鼠藏的大量的坚果。 诱导展望 (1)“a number of可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数，意思是“许多，大量”。,(2)“the number of可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数，意思是“的数目”。 (3)“large quantities of可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。a large quantity ofpl.n./un.作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的单复数形式。 (4)“large amounts of不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。,【链接训练】 The number of mistakes _ by him _ surprising. Ato make；are Bmaking；is Cmade；is Dto be made；are 【解析】 made by him 作 mistakes 的定语，the number of 可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数，故选C。 【答案】 C,There are _ books in our school library，however， _ of them are old. Aa large number of；fourfifth Ba good number of；fourths five Cthe large number of；four fifths Da great number of；four fifths 【解析】 a large/great/good number of “许多，若干”；表示分数时，分子大于1则分母用复数，故选D。 【答案】 D,3It seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎到了世界末日！ It seems/seemed as if/though.似乎，好像(as if/though从句表示的情况接近事实，从句用陈述语气。反之，如果从句表示的情况与事实相反，或者是不可能发生，从句用虚拟语气),归纳拓展 It seems (to sb.) that.(对某人来说)似乎 sb.seems to be doing/ to have done 某人好像正在做/已经做了某事 seem liken似乎；好像 seem (to be)n./adj. 似乎是 There seems to be.好像有 It seems so.(So it seems.) 似乎是那样。 It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.,我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生的一样。 It seems that American fast food is the most popular in the world. American fast food seems (to be) the most popular in the world. 看来美国的快餐是世界上最受欢迎的。 诱导展望 (1)seem 的否定式有两种： He doesnt seem to be ill. He seems not to be ill. 他看起来没生病。,(2)seem，look 与 appear seem暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际情况的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。 look着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与like连用，但不能与不定式连用。 appear强调外表给人的印象，而结果往往并非如此。,【链接训练】 I seem _ him somewhere before. Ato have seen Bto be seeing Cseeing Dhaving seen 【解析】 句意为：以前我好像在什么地方见过他。此题考查sb./sth.seems to do中的不定式的完成时。 【答案】 A,What a noise！I can hardly stand it. It _ as if they are having a party next door. Alooks Bseems Cappears Dhappens 【解析】 根据语境可知It seems as if “似乎”，符合题意。happen 不可与as if 连用。 【答案】 B,4All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 (1)此句是一个部分否定的句子。当否定词not与every及其构成的合成词以及all，always，both，completely，quite，entirely，whole，altogether，all the time等连用时，不管not在它们之前或之后，都构成部分否定现象，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。 Not everyone likes his novel. 并非人人都喜欢他的小说。 All bamboo doesnt grow tall. Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。,(2)all，both，everyone，everybody，everything，either 以及“every名词”都表示全部肯定；no one，none，nobody，nothing，not.any，neither 以及no名词都表示全部否定。 None of these things are/is mine.这些东西都不是我的。 Neither of the sisters is here.两姐妹都没在这儿。 注意：any 所修饰的名词或由 any 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式，即只能说 not.any，不能说 any.not。 I dont know any of them. 他们我一个都不认识。,【链接训练】 We havent enough toys for _.Some of the children will have to share. Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 【解析】 句意为：我们没有足够的玩具给每个孩子；有些孩子只能跟别人玩一个。根据后面的“some of the children.”可知，前面应该用everybody表示部分否定。如果用anybody，则是全部否定。 【答案】 C,语法 由关系代词that，which，whose，who(m)引导的定语从句(一) 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：连接主从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中作句子成分。 二、关系代词的用法 1who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语或宾语等成分。,Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是那个想见你的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2whose用来指人或物(在从句中只作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人的车坏了，他们都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green.,(Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.)请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Well remember the days that/which we spent together. 我们将记住我们一起度过的那些日子。(作宾语) 4whom，which作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom，which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的固定动词短语中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 He is the person whom we must take good care of. 他正是我们必须精心照料的那个人。,This is the man from whom I have learnt of the news. 我是从这个人那里了解到这个消息的。 5引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是物或整句话时，必须用关系代词which，不用that。 I have lost my bag，which I like very much. 我丢了我的提包，我非常喜欢的一个。 6关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词的单复数保持一致。,Tom is one of the boys that/who are to be punished. 汤姆是要受到惩罚的男孩之一。(先行词是boys，定语从句的谓语用复数) Tom is the only one of the boys that/who is to be punished. 汤姆是这些男孩当中唯一一个要受到惩罚的。(先行词是one，one被the only/very修饰时，定语从句谓语用单数) 7在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。,The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Tom. 我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是汤姆。 English and maths are the very two subjects (that) Wang Qiang is interested in. 英语和数学正是王强感兴趣的两门课程。 若关系词前有介词时，只能用which引导定语从句而不用that。 This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住过的房间。,8先行词是不定代词all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything，everything等时，必须用that引导定语从句。 All that we have to do is to practise English. 所有我们必须要做的就是练习英语。 注意：that和which可以互换，但在下列情况下，只能用that： (1)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及the very，the only，the last修饰时。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the very book that Im looking for. 这正是我要找的那本书。,(2)当先行词由人、物两个并列的名词构成时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的人和事。 (3)当主句为以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。 Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month? 上个月你住的是哪一家旅馆？ (4)当引导词在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海已不再是过去那个样子了。,【链接训练】 Gu Long is a famous Chinese novelist, _ writing are thought highly of. Awhose Bwho Cwhich Dwhom 【解析】 whose引导非限制性定语从句，作writing的定语。 【答案】 A,The supermarket has so little parking place，_ is really a problem. Awhich Bwhat Cit Das 【解析】 which在从句中作主语，代替前面整句话的内容表示“这一点”，what不能引导定语从句，as引导定语从句表示“正如”，不合题意。 【答案】 A,Wow！Look at the man and his horse _ are running down the road. Awhich Bthat Cwho Dwhere 【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词是the man and his horse，在定语从句中作主语，先行词既有人又有物，故用that引导且不可省略。 【答案】 B,We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，most of _ are healthy. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom 【解析】 whom引导定语从句，指代先行词people，表示“大多数人都健康”。that引导定语从句时，既可指人也可指物，但不用于介词后面。which引导定语从句时，指物。what不能引导定语从句。 【答案】 D,About two thirds of the earths surface is covered by the seas _ are home to millions of species of plants and animals. Awhere Bwhich Cin which Dfor which 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。句意为：地球表面大约有三分之二被海洋所覆盖，海洋是上百万种动植物的家。根据题意，这里是一个定语从句，关系代词在句中作主语，所以应该用which。 【答案】 B,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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