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Unit 4 Making the news,1assist vt.帮助；协助；援助 He had to assist her in opening the gates. 他得帮她打开各扇门。 She offered to assist with the marketing of the product. 她主动协助推销该产品。 Well do the job more quickly if you assist us. 如果你帮我们的忙，工作做起来会更快。,上一页,assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人某事 assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist(sb.) in(doing) sth. 帮助(某人)(做)某事,上一页,We shall assist them in their difficulty. 我们将帮助他们克服困难。 Can I assist you with those parcels? 我可否帮助你拿那些包？,上一页,(1)assist 强调在提供帮助时，以受助者为主，所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。 The nurse assisted the doctor in the operating room. 护士在手术室帮助医生。 (2)aid为正式用词，主要指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难，侧重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。 I aided her to continue her research.我帮助她继续她的研究。 (3)help最普通用词，含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助，侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。 She might be able to help us.她有可能帮我们的忙。,assist/aid/help,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) We may be able to _ you in some way if you can not finish your work on time. (2010温州八校联考) Aassist Binsist Cprovide Devaluate,上一页,上一页,【解析】 句意：如果你不能按时完成工作，我们或许能够用某种方式帮助你。assist“帮助；协助”，符合句意。insist“坚持”； provide“提供”； evaluate“评价；评估”。 【答案】 A,2. concentrate vt. 集中；聚集 I tried to work but I found I couldnt concentrate. 我试图工作但发现不能集中精力。 Fighting was concentrated around the towns to the north. 战斗集中在北方诸城镇的周围进行。,上一页,concentrate sth. on sth./doing sth. 专心致志于某事/做某事 concentrate ones attention on 致力于；把注意力集中在 concentrate on sth. 集中精力于某事；全神贯注于,上一页,We must concentrate our efforts on improving education. 我们必须致力于改进教育工作。 He concentrated his attention on the flying and spoke very little. 他聚精会神地飞行，很少说话。,上一页,表示“集中精力；专心”的其他结构： focus/fix ones attention on sth. 集中注意力于 put ones mind in. 专心于 apply oneself/ones mind to. 专心于 put ones heart into. 集中精力于 be absorbed in. 一心一意于 be lost in. 倾心于 be buried in 埋头于,上一页,上一页,学以致用(单项填空),I cant _ my studies with all that noise going on. Adevote to Bconcentrate on Cknock down Dapply to,【解析】 句意：这么多的噪音我不能集中精力学习。concentrate on“专心于；集中精力于”，符合句意。devote to“将奉献给；把专用于”； knock down“击倒；拆卸”； apply to“适用于；应用于”。 【答案】 B,上一页,3. acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到 The company has recently acquired new offices in central London. 公司最近在伦敦市中心弄到了新的办公室。 We should acquire more firsthand information. 我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。 She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher. 她在没有老师指导的情况下，掌握了英语语法，学到了大量词汇。,上一页,四者都含有“得到；获得”的意思。 (1)acquire书面语用词，强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。 We should try to acquire good habits. 我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。 (2)gain侧重指经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。 An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value. 投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而获得利润。,acquire/gain/get/obtain,上一页,(3)get普通用语，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，不一定要经过努力。 Did you get my telegram last Sunday? 上星期天你收到我的电报了吗？ (4)obtain较正式用语，着重指通过巨大努力、强烈要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。 He obtained the property with a bank loan. 他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。,上一页,The school is giving most of these children hope for the future by providing them a chance to _ knowledge. Arequire Bacquire Cachieve Denquire,学以致用(单项填空),上一页,【解析】 句意：学校通过给这些孩子提供获取知识的机会，给了他们未来的希望。acquire“获得；得到”，符合句意。require“要求”； achieve“实现”；enquire“询问”。 【答案】 B,上一页,4. inform vt. 告知；通知 They were informed that no risk was involved. 他们被告知没有危险。 We will immediately inform you of any changes to the programme. 安排一有变化，我们就马上通知你。,上一页,inform sb. of/about sth. 告知某人某事 inform sb. (that) inform sb. 疑问词不定式 通知某人 inform on/upon/against sb. 告发某人；供出某人,上一页,上一页,He wrote to her, informing her of the situation. 他给她写了信，把情形告诉她。 The old man informed me how to go the railway station. 这位老人告诉我怎样到达火车站。,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _ about what is happening at home and abroad. Ainforming Binformed Cto inform Dbeing informed,【解析】句意：我们都知道，报纸、杂志、电台以及电视广播可以让我们了解到国内外正在发生的事情。keep sb. informed of.“使某人随时了解”，为固定搭配，符合句意。 【答案】 B,上一页,5. accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告 You cant accuse me of being selfish.你不能指责我自私。 No one could ever accuse this government of not caring about the poor.没有人会谴责该政府不关心穷人。 You can accuse him of his bad action. 你可以控告他的这种恶劣行为。,上一页,(1)accuse指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”，与介词of连用，构成accuse sb. of sth.的结构，意为“指控某人某事”。 They accused him of taking bribes.他们指控他受贿。 (2)charge可以指因为小错而受到责备，也可指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”，与介词with连用，构成charge sb. with sth.的结构，意为“控告某人某事”。 The police are going to charge him with murder. 警察要控告他杀人。,accuse/charge,上一页,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) The manager _ one of the hotel servants of stealing the money. Ascolded Bpunished Caccused Dcharged,【解析】 句意：经理指责一个饭店服务员偷了钱。accuse sb. of sth.“指责某人某事”，符合句意。其余三个选项的正确搭配分别为：scold sb. for sth.“因某事指责某人”； punish sb. for sth.“因某事惩罚某人”； charge sb. with sth.“控告某人某事”。 【答案】 C,上一页,6 demand n需求；要求 vt.强烈要求 Our products are always in great demand. 我们的产品需求量总是很大。 I had no choice but to accept his demand. 除了接受他的要求，我没有别的选择。 She demanded a room all to herself. 她要求自己一个人住一个房间。,上一页,(1)demand意为“要求；查问”，语气较重，主语是人时，表示坚决要求，坚持要做某事；主语是物时，指迫切需要。 She demanded that we give him an immediate answer. 她要求我们立即给他回复。 (2)request意为“请求；恳求”，语气较缓和，指非常礼貌地正式请求。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 参观者被要求不要触摸展示品。 (3)require表示“要求所必需的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。 The car requires repairing/to be repaired.这辆车需要修理。,demand/request/require,上一页,三者都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且从句中要用虚拟语气。demand后接of sb. to do sth.，request后接sb. to do sth.，而require后接两者均可。require动名词时，主动形式表达被动意义；接不定式作宾语，仍要用被动形式来表示被动意义。,上一页,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) Realizing that her husband had deceived her, she demanded that she _ the whole truth. Ashould tell Btold Cbe told Dwas told,上一页,【解析】 句意：意识到她丈夫骗了她，她要求她应该知道全部真相。demand后的宾语从句中应使用shoulddo形式的虚拟语气结构。根据主谓之间的关系，应使用被动语态，故选C。 【答案】 C,7approve vt. 赞成；认可；批准 The firms directors quickly approved the new idea. 公司的董事们很快赞同了这个新想法。 She thought for a moment and then approved. 她想了一会儿， 然后同意了。 The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了该项建筑计划。,上一页,approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事 approve sth. 批准某事 approve of sb.s doing sth. 同意某人做某事,上一页,上一页,Personally, I entirely approve of the plan. 个人来说，我完全赞成这个计划。 Some people, do not approve of catching sharks. 然而，一些人并不赞同猎捕鲨鱼。,approval n 赞成；同意 give ones approval to 批准 win/earn sb.s approval 得到某人赞许 meet with sb.s approval 得到某人批准,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) The Medical Research Council said it couldnt _ the use of the new drug without further tests. (2011莱芜育才中学期中考试) Ainfect Bapprove Cpresume Dassist,上一页,【解析】 句意：医学研究委员会说这种新药未经进一步的测试不能批准使用。approve“批准；赞同”，符合句意。infect“感染；传染”；presume“假定；推测”；assist“坚持”。 【答案】 B,上一页,8 depend on依靠；依赖；取决于 Hes the person to depend on/to be depended on. 他是可以依靠的人。 Companies need people they can depend on. 公司需要他们可以依赖的人。 It depends (on) who will be the first to arrive there. 要看是谁第一个到达那里。,上一页,depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 depend on sb. for sth. 靠某人供给某物 depend on/upon it that. 指望；对深信不疑 That depends./It all depends. 视情况而定。,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) How long are you staying? I dont know._. AThats OK BNever mind CIt depends DIt doesnt matter,上一页,【解析】 句意：你要呆多久？我不知道，看情况了。It depends.“视情况而定”。符合句意和语境。Thats OK表示同意别人的观点；Never mind和It doesnt matter 皆意为“没关系”，用于回答别人的道歉。 【答案】 C,上一页,9so as to (do sth.) 为了(做) The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating. 考试题保密以防作弊。 He arranged matters so as to suit everybody. 他把事情安排得人人都合适。 Please check the list carefully so as to avoid mistakes. 请仔细核对单子以避免发生错误。,上一页,(1)so as to是副词性短语，后接不定式，引导目的状语，意为“以便；为了”，不能置于句首，其否定形式为so as not to；so as to的逻辑主语即句子的主语。 (2)soadj.as to/suchn.as to不能表示目的，只表示结果。 Hes so clever as to solve the problem. Hes such a clever boy as to solve the problem. 他如此聪明结果就把这一问题解决了。,上一页,(3)in order to后接不定式表目的，既可置于句首，也可置于句中，意为“以便；为了”。 They tiptoe upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 他们踮著脚上楼，生怕把孩子吵醒。 He ran so quickly as to catch the last bus. 他跑得很快赶上了最后一班车。 We started early in order to arrive before dark. 为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) _apologize to his wife, he managed to send his wife a card，_“Darling, please forgive me！” ASo as to；said BSo as to；saying CIn order to；said DIn order to；saying,上一页,【解析】 句意：为了给妻子道歉，他设法寄给妻子一张卡片，上面写着“亲爱的，请原谅我！”so as to 一般不放在句首，故可排除A、B两项；此处sayingwhich said.，故答案选D。 【答案】 D,上一页,10Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周扬将永远不会忘记在一家受欢迎的英语报社的第一次任务。 在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中，从句要用部分倒装。这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。 Never before has our country been as united as it is. 现在我们的国家空前团结。 Not only does he know French, but also he is an expert at it. 他不仅懂法语，而且很精通。 Seldom does he go to the park at weekends. 在周末，他很少去公园。,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) We laugh at jokes，but seldom _ about how they work. (2010四川高考) Awe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think,上一页,【解析】 句意：我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。seldom为否定副词放句首时，主句用部分倒装，故选D。 【答案】 D,上一页,10Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？ where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a case。当先行词为case，situation，point时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。 Will you please give us a case where the word can be used? 请你举一个这个单词的实例好吗？ He has reached the point where a change is needed. 他到了必须做一个改变的地步。,上一页,We are in a position where we may lose a great deal of money. 我们在这种环境下可能会损失大量金钱。 Can you think of a situation where you can use this expression? 你能想出一个使用这种表达的语境吗？ I can think of many cases where students knew quite a few English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. 我能想出许多情况，学生知道很多英语词汇却写不出好文章。,上一页,学以致用(单项填空) I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2009浙江高考) Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhy,上一页,【解析】 句意：我已经到了我人生中必须自己做决定的时刻了。定语从句的先行词为point，故关系词用where。 【答案】 B,上一页,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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