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虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood,GRAMMAR语法,陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadntcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.,一.语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.,(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望,怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.,由if引导的虚拟条件句叫作if虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldnthavefinishedmyworkontime.,三.ifSentenceStructureif虚拟条件句的结构,a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设,虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法，主要看谓语动词的变化。,1）表示与现在事实相反,例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那儿。,Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.,a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?,were,wouldtake,burst,wouldhappen,PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.,c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroom,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourposition,I_(ask)forteachershelp.,werenot,couldbe,were,wouldask,2）与过去事实相反,例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnthavemissedthebus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,IfI_howtoswim,I_trappedinthisisland.,hadlearnt,wouldnothavebeen,a.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.,hadbeen,wouldhavepassed,hadgot,wouldhavecaught,PRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.,c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.,hadmet,wouldhavegone,3）与将来事实可能相反,例如：Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.,假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.,a.Ifthere_(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we_(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What_(happen)ifyou_(getup)toolatetomorrow?,shouldbe,shouldmake,wouldhappen,shouldgetup,PRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks,c.IfRobots_(control)theworldsomeday,here_(be)nofriendship.,weretocontrol,wouldbe,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句：从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.,Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.,二.虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.wish的宾语从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.should,1.IwishIwereabird.(现在)2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)3.Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(将来),他那样对待我,好像我式陌生人似的。,HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.,注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,3.Its(about/high)time+that该是做某事的时候了,过去时should+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气，从句用should+v(原),should可以省略,宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire,我们建议Tom早点出发。WesuggestedthatTomshouldhavestartearly.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.她坚决要求我和她一起逛街。SheinsistedthatI(should)goshoppingwithher.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,5.without和butfor构成虚拟。Without如果没有，要不是butfor要不是1.如果没有阳光，人们的生活将会不同。Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferent.2.要不是你的帮助，我不可能完成工作。Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.,6.Ifonly要是就好了要是我知道他的名字就好了。IfonlyIknewhisname!要是我没有错过火车就好了。IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!要是我能够再见到他就好了。IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,7.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.,9.某些简单句的固定句型，表示祝愿，诅咒等:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,ExercisesI,1.You_tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldhavecome2.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.will,3.Hereissomemoneyincaseyou_it.A.needsB.needC.neededD.willneed4.Hedemandedthattheclassroom_atonce.A.shouldcleanB.cleanC.shouldhavebeencleanedD.becleaned,5.Butforyourcarelessness,we_.A.havesucceededB.hadsucceededC.wouldhavesucceededD.succeeded,6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Janesfacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has,8.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen9.IwishI_themeetinglastweek.A.couldattendB.attendedC.haveattendedD.hadattended,10.Mysuggestionisthatwe_thesportsmeeting.A.wouldputoffB.shouldputoffC.puttedoffD.beputoff11.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_cleaner.A.shouldbemadeB.ismadeC.wouldbemadeD.wasmade,12.Dontcomethisafternoon.Idratheryou_tomorrow.A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.willcome13.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_before6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished,II.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.HadInotseenitwithmyowneyes,I_(都不会相信的).2.IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I_(会和你一起去).3.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you_(现在一切都好了).,wouldbeallrightnow,wouldnthavebelievedit,wouldgowithyou,4.HadMarkbeenincharge,it_(就不会发生了).5.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe_(已经离开了好多年).,hadbeenawayformanyyears,wouldnthavehappened,III.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.IfI_(know)moreaboutgivingfirstaid,I_(help)themwhentheaccidenthappened.2.IfI_(be)aman,I_(run)forpresident.3.Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedoor?No,ifhe_(have),he_(notbreak)thewindowofthelivingroom.,hadknown,couldhavehelped,were,wouldrun,hadhad,wouldnt,havebroken,4.Iwouldratheryou_(stay)athomelastnight.5.Iwishthattherain_(stop)immediately.6.Theytalkedasifthey_(be)goodfriendsformanyyears.,hadbeen,hadstayed,wouldstop,翻译练习,1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。,Homework,
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