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1,ReadingforGist2011.5,2,中考对阅读理解的考查：,1.事实细节,3.判断推理题,4.主旨大意题,2.词义推断题,3,事实细节,主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力，问题主要包括人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据等。,4,例题分析1（07阅读A篇）,42.BeforethewomanplaysGo,shewas_.A.acomputergameplayerB.acomputerscienceteacherC.acomputerengineerD.acomputerstoreowner,5,词义推断题,猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。,6,技巧答题可分两大类：一类是通过上下文推测词义；另一类是根据生词本身的特点推测词义。,7,例题分析1：（07阅读B篇）,47.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcracksmeaninthetext?A.缝隙B.表面C.夹层D.底部,8,例题分析2：（09阅读B篇）,53.Theunderlinedword“tide”inthepassagemeans_.A.洋流B.潮汐C.海啸D.波浪,9,判断推理题,这类题主要考查学生根据文章字面意思及语篇逻辑关系，从而看出细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等的能力。做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。,10,提问整篇文章或某段某句的含蓄意思时，问句中一般都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest（推断，暗指）等词。,考核考生对整个语篇进行推理分析的能力时，通常是以下列方式提出问题的：FromParagraph4wecaninferthat_.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Wecaninferfromthetextthat?Whatcanwelearnfrom?Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_.Wecanconcludethat.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat_.Theauthorimpliesthat_.Thewritersuggeststhat.ByaskingaseriesofquestionsinPara5,theauthormainlyintendstoindicatethat_.,11,例题分析1：（10阅读A篇）,49.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat_.A.hermotherwasillagainB.thesurgerywasunsuccessfulC.hermotherwasgettingbetterD.thesurgerywassimple,12,例题分析1：（10阅读B篇）,54.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_A.asyntheticballtakesinwaterfasterthanaleatherballB.aleatherballismoredifficulttomakethanasyntheticoneC.asyntheticballismoreexpensivethanaleatherballD.aleatherballmayincreaseitsweightduringagame,13,各类文章的主题通常只有一个。中心思想是作者试图表达的最重要的观点。其它所有句子都是细节。所有细节构成并支持文章的中心思想。,主旨大意题,14,主旨大意题,其主要提问方式是有：1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat_.4)Thepassagetellsusthat_.5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_.,15,在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题的位置情况有四种：1、主题句在段首或篇首2、主题句在段末或篇末3、除了抓住文章的开头和结尾之外，还要抓住每段的主题句，对抓住文章的中心很有帮助。4、无主题句,解题思路关键在于抓主题句,16,例题分析1（08阅读A篇）50Whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?AATrueHeroBABusyVolunteerCAFamousWomanDASweetDream,17,例题分析2：（08阅读B篇）,52Themainideaofthepassageis_AtoletusknowtakingawayrubbishisabigjobBtoexplaintheneedforrubbishcollectionCtointroducedifferentwaystotreatrubbishDtotellpeopletotakeusefulthingsoutofrubbish,18,Insectscomeinmanysizes.Somearebigandsomearesmall.Thesmallestonesaresosmallthatittakesonehundredofthemtoformoneinch.Thebiggestinsectsarenotbig,buttheyareonethousandtimesasbigasthesmallest.Theyareaboutteninchesinlength!1、Theparagraphismainlyabout_.A.thesmallestinsectsB.thebiggestinsectsC.thesizeofinsectsD.thelengthofinsects,Exercise1,Insectscomeinmanysizes,1.主题句在段首或篇首,19,Fireworkssafetystartsbeforeafireworkisevensold.Itbeginswiththeproducers,whoneedtofollowstrictrulesinmakingtheirfireworks.Thatdoesntmeaneveryfireworkissafeenough,though.53.Whatsthearticlemainlyabout?A.DangeroffireworksB.TroublefromfireworksC.FireworkssafetyD.Fireworksprotection,Exercise2,20,例题分析Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,somelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.本段前面列举了两件事实.最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。,2.主题句在段末或篇末,21,Withoutthepolice，ourstreetswouldnotbesafe.Carsmightgotoofastandhurtpeople.Lostpeoplemightneverbefound.Thepolicedoagoodjob.Weneedthem.Andweshouldthankthemforajobwelldone.(Thelastparagraph)4.Thetextismainlytalkingaboutthe_ofthepolice.A.lifeB.roadC.jobD.day,Exercise1,Thepolicedoagoodjob.Weneedthem.Andweshouldthankthemforajobwelldone.,22,LatersomeoneaskedJay,“Whydidntyoutakethelotteryticketforyourself?”Hesaid,“AlthoughIdonthavemuchmoney,Ilivehappily;butifIlosehonesty,Iwontbehappyforever.”(Thelastparagraph)Thebesttitleofthetextcouldbe“_”A.APoorYoungMusicianB.ThePriceofLoveandHonestyC.AstoryoftheSubwayStationD.TheImportanceofBeingHonest,Exercise2,“AlthoughIdonthavemuchmoney,Ilivehappily;butifIlosehonesty,Iwontbehappyforever.”,23,09中考C篇：例题分析58.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheBody-BrainLinkB.TheCausesofStressC.TheAdviceonHealthD.TheNervousSystem,3.除了抓住文章的开头和结尾之外，还要抓住每段的主题句，对抓住文章的中心很有帮助。,24,Thefirstparagraph:Its2009.Youfeelsick,soyougotothedoctor.Shechecksyourfever,looksatyourthroat,andaskswhatyouvebeenthinkingaboutlately.Whenyouleave,shegivesyousomemedicine,butalsoalistofthinkingskillsthatyouaresupposedtopracticedaily.Shesaysthatthewayyouthinkiscausingsomeofyourillness.首段的首句或最后一句是关键。,25,Thelastparagraph:Thelink(关联)betweenyourbodyandbrainworksintwoways.Yourbodycanhelpyourminddealwithstress.Ifyouareunderstress,youneedtotakeespeciallygoodcareofyourbody.,26,4、无主题句，需要归纳、概括,有时候文章中没有中心句。这时的中心思想是由每句话而支撑的。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。例题分析1Ellareadseveryday.Shereadsatbreakfast.Shereadsinschool.Shewouldratherreadthanplay!,(Ellalikestoread.),27,例题分析2KillerbeesstartedinBrazil1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomakemorehoney（蜂蜜).Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred(繁殖)andmadeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidntwanttomakemorehoney.Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty-sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilianbeesoutside.Scientistscouldnotcontrol（控制)theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBraziltoVenezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfiveyears.,28,Whyarepeopleafraidofkillerbees?Peopleareafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting（叮)manymoretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Second,killerbeesattackingroups.Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead.NowkillerbeesareinTexas.InafewyearstheywillreachallovertheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.,29,Thebesttitleofthepassageis_.A.HowtomakemorehoneyB.KillerbeesC.AfoolishscientistD.Howtofeedkillerbees,这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killerbees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killerbees”的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕“killerbees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killerbees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killerbees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killerbees”就是这篇文章的主题。,30,Whenyoucoughorsneeze,youdbetterturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Andthen,youshouldsay,“Excuseme”.Ifyoucometoadoorandsomeoneisfollowingyou,holdthedoor.Ifthedooropensbypulling,pullitopen,standtotheside,andallowtheotherpersontopassthroughfirst,thenyoucanwalkthrough.Ifthedooropensbypushing,holdthedoorafteryoupassthrough.Whenwehavetogoupmovingstairs,wewillstandtotheright.Thatwillgiveotherswhoareinahurryachoiceofwalkingupthelefthandsideofthemovingstairs.Whenwearegoingtoenteralift,theunderground,oradoorway,wewillwaitforotherstoexitbeforeweenter.,Exercise1,31,1.Whenyoucoughorsneeze,-turnyourheadawayandcoveryourmouth2.Ifyoucometoadoor-holdthedoor3.Whenwehavetogoupmovingstairs-standtotheright4.Whenwearegoingtoenteralift,theunderground,oradoorway-waitforotherstoexit,32,54.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.therulesofbehaviourinpublicB.thewaysofcommunicationC.theactsofkindnessamongpeopleD.theknowledgeofsociallife,33,Letshaveacompetition.,34,Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain(食物链)。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThings,passage1,Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.,Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.,35,ManychildrenwhodontliketoasktheirownteachersforextrahelpcancontactaspecialWebsite.Astudentwilloftenunderstandtheworkbetterandsay,“Oh,thatswhatmyteachermeant.”Q:Thestorytellsmainly_.A.whichcitieshavespecialWebsitesB.howstudentscangethomeworkhelpC.whystudentsdontaskparentsforhelp,passage2,Insomecitiesstudentscanusetheirhomecomputerstoaskateacherforhomeworkhelp.,Insomecitiesstudentscanusetheirhomecomputerstoaskateacherforhomeworkhelp.,36,Mushroomsdontgrowontrees.Ifyouseemushroomsstuckbetweenthebranches,youknowtheywereputthere.Mostlikelyitwastheworkofaredsquirrel.Redsquirrelslikemushrooms.Theyliketoputthemintrees.Thentheyhavefoodtoeatinthewinter.Q:ThestorytellsmainlyA.whytherearemushroomsintrees.B.whysquirrelslikemushrooms.C.wheretogrowmushrooms.,passage3,37,Didyouknowthatjustasmallpartofallthesaltintheworldisputintofoodtomakethefoodtastebetter?Therearehundredsofotherusesforsaltthough.IntheUnitedStatesmoresaltisusedformeltingsnowandiceonRoadsthanforanyotherpurpose.Q:Thestorytellsmainly_.A.abouttwousesofsaltB.howtomeltsnowC.howtochopice,passage4,38,Iswebdesignallaboutcomputerprogramming?No,itsaboutmakingsomethingnew.Itmustlookgoodandbefuntouse.Abigpartofwebdesignisart.Theychoosethebestpicturesandcolorstomakethewebsitelookgood.Theyalsowritethethingsthatyouseeonthewebsite.Thispassageismainlyabout_.A.computerprogramminglanguageB.thewebdesignersworkC.thewebmanagersworkD.thewaytogetontotheInternet,passage4,Animportantpartoftheirjobistoshare(分享)ideaswiththewebsitemanagerabouthowtodesignthewebsitewell.,Animportantpartoftheirjobistoshare(分享)ideaswiththewebsitemanagerabouthowtodesignthewebsitewell.,Webdesignersmustimagingalotwhentheyaremakingawebsite.,39,Manylibrariansholdan“AmnestyWeek”fromtimetotimesothatbookborrowerswhohavenotreturnedbooksontimemayhaveachancetoreturnthem.Ifborrowersreturnbooksduring“AmnestyWeek,”theydonthavetopaythefines.Whenonegroupoflibrariesheldsuchaweek,528bookswerereturnedinoneday.Oneofthesehadbeenborrowedin1927,anotherin1918.,40,Theparagraphtellsmainly_.Howwell“AmnestyWeek”worksforlibrariesB.Why528bookswerereturnedtolibrariesinoncountyC.HowthelibrarygotbackanoldbookD.Howlongbookborrowerskeepthebookstheyborrow,41,步骤,1.通读全文，了解大意。2.明确题意，抓住要求。3.认真检查，仔细推敲。,42,Themorebooksyouread,themoreyourmindwillopenup.Alsothisimprovesyourspeechskillsalotandmakesabigcontribution（贡献）toyourvocabulary.So,givefoodtoyourthoughtsbyreading,readingandmorereading.,43,Thankyouforlistening!,
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