Definition主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致的关系.ppt

Subject-VerbAgreement,Definition:主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致的关系.,BasicRules:1.语法一致.2.意义一致.3.就近原则.,Shelikescollectingstamps.Threehundredthousandkilometersisalongdistanceontheearth.Thereisabagandafewbooksonthedesk.,以并列结构作主语的主谓一致.,由and连接的并列主语.由and连接的多个并列成分,如果表示不同的概念,谓语动词用复数形式.如果并列主语在意义上表示同一概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.Ablackandawhitedogsareplayingintheyard.Ablackandwhitedogisplayingintheyard.Fireandwaterarethenecessariesoflife.Aprofessorandawriterarepresentatthemeeting.Aprofessorandwriterispresentatthemeeting.,以并列结构作主语的主谓一致.,(2)如果一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,用于表示两个不同的事物时,谓动用复数;如果名词指同一人或事物时,谓动用单数.,ChineseandJapanesesilkarebetterthanItalian.Thesteelandironindustryplaysanimportantroleinnationaleconomy.,*有时候用and连接的两个单数主语,谓动可以是单数,也可以是复数.,Threeandfourmakes(make)seven.,以并列结构作主语的主谓一致.,3)由and连接的作主语的两个单数名词,如果前面有each,every,any,many,no等词修饰,意义上仍然为单数,谓动用单数.,Noteacherandnostudentsisadmitted.Everyminuteandsecondisimportant.ManyayoungmanwantstospeakEnglish.,4)用and连接的短语,若二者同时使用,不可分割,谓动用单数,Earlytobedandearlytoriseisagoodhabit.,表示单一概念的短语:,aknifeandfork一幅刀叉acartandhorse一驾马车thebreadandbutter黄油面包theneedleandthread针线acupandsaucer一套杯碟myhouseandhome我的家causeandeffect因果penandink笔墨,以并列结构作主语的主谓一致,2.由nor/or/eitheror/neithernor/notonlybutalso/notbut等连接的并列结构作主语时,谓动遵循就近原则.,Eitheryouorsheiswrong.Notonlyyoubutheismyfriend.Notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere.,以并列结构作主语的主谓一致,3.主语后跟有由aswellas,with,alongwith,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,but,besides,except,inadditionto,like,including等引导的词组,其谓动的单复数取决于前面主语本身.,Yourfatheraswellasyouisverykindtome.Helenonlessthanhersistersisbeautiful.He,likeyouandJack,isveryclever.Noonebutyourparentswastherethen.Theteacher,includinghisstudents,isgoingtoseeProfessorSmith.,二.单一主语的情况,(一)复数形式的名词作主语时.1.当名词是表示度量,时间,价格,距离,重量等复数名词时,把它们看作整体,谓动用单数.,Onehundreddollarsisalargesumforthepoor.Fivethousandyearsisonlyaveryshortperiodinthehistoryoftheearth.,当表示时间的过去,或时间,金钱等的花费,与pass,waste,spend等词连用时,如果主语是复数,谓动也用复数.TwohoursarespendinlearningEnglish.ThreeyearshavepassedsinceIgraduated.,二.单一主语的情况,2.一些表示学科的名词,表示单数意义,谓动用单数.A.Statisticsseemstobedifficulttous.B.Mathematicsishisfavoritesubject.C.Politicsisoftenapopulartopicamongpeople.,3.有几个词的谓动的单复数形式视主语意义而定.means,series,species,works,headquarters.指挥部，总部。a.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.b.Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.武器c.Apairofglassesisonthetable.,二.单一主语的情况,(二)动名词,不定式和名词性从句作主语时动名词,不定式和名词性从句作主语时,谓动用单数;如果用and把两部分连接起来,用复数.A.Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.B.PlayingfootballandwatchingTVarebothinteresting.,二.单一主语的情况,以名词性分句作主语,谓动一般用单数.但也有特殊情况.1)who,why,how,whether,that引导的名词性从句作主语,谓动一般用单数.Whyshewaslateisnotknown?2)在以what引导的从句作主语，后面又跟有表语的结构中。应该根据表语的名词来决定单复数。a.Whatweneedmostisknowledge.b.whathegavemeweresomebooks.,3)两个由and连接的名词性从句作主语，如果表示两件事情，谓语用复数。Whenhewasbornandwherehegrewuparestillamysterytous.Whatcausedthefireandhowmuchthelossareunknown.(三）集体名词作主语集体名词以单数形式出现，如果它强调的是一个整体，谓语用单数；如果它强调的是个体成员，谓语用复数。如(1)cattle,police,people,clerk,youth,poultry(家禽）.,e.g.a.Thepolicearetryingtocatchthethief.b.Peopletodaylikepopmusic.,2.一些表示国家的词与the连用时,指全国人民,谓动用复数.,TheChinesearekindandfriendly。TheEnglishhaveasenseofhumor.,3.mankind/humanity/man作主语时,谓动一般用单数.Mankindisprogressing.4.family,class,pubic,enemy,team,group等集体名词,看作整体时,用单数;强调成员时,用复数.Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.Myfamilyhasmovedintoanewhouse.,(四)不定代词作主语1.由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词和each,eachone,either,neither,little,alittle,much等作主语时,谓动用单数.Nobodylikestospendtimeonaboringthing.IsthereanythingIcaneatinthekitchen?Eitherissuitableforme.复合代词有:something,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,anything,anybody,anyone,everything,everybody,everyone,2.当both,few,afew,many,several等不定代词作主语时,谓动长用复数形式.Botharemyfriends.Fewwereabletoanswerthequestion.3.当不定代词all作主语表示人,谓动用复数;表示物,用单数.Allgoeswell.Allhavepassedtheexam.4.当none作主语时,谓动可单可复.Noneknows/knowagreatdealaboutthenewtheory.Nonehas/havebeenfound.,其它情况的主谓一致1.(1)the+adj.作主语，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；e.g.Thericharenotalwayshappy.(thepoor,theold,theyoung,thelearned(博学者），thewounded,）(2)the+adj.作主语，表某一个人，或是一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoallofus.(thetrue-真thegood-善thebeautiful-美）anumberof+n.+谓复thenumberof+n.+谓单e.g.a.Anumberofpagesinthisbookarebroken.b.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis40.,3.分数+名词，百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词保持一致。e.g.a.Aboutthree-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthisdiscoveredbysea.b.Only40percentofthestudentsintheclassaregirls.4.在oneof+复数名词+从句的结构中，如果先行词是复数，谓语用复数；当one前面有“the”,“any”,“theonly”等限定词时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.a.TonyisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.b.Jordanistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatplayingbasketball.,5.morethanone+单数名词+谓单（“不只一个”）more+复数名词+thanone+谓复（不只一个）morethantwo+复数名词+谓复e.g.a.Morethanonestudentispunished.b.Morestudentsthanonearepunished.6.在倒装句中，主语放到了谓语后面，要注意找准主语！e.g.a.Suchwerehiswords.b.AmongtheguestswasstandingMrs.Liu.7.alotof/lotsof/plentyof/someof/allof/partof/mostof/halfof/therestof/thelastof+名词作主语，谓语动词与,