EM4写作专项辅导(重要性论述).ppt

TEM4命题作文写作模式,重要性论述,第三次专四模拟考试写作试题Writing(45MIN)SectionAComposition35MINItwagrecentlyreportedinanewspaperthatmanycollegestudentwereeagertogoafterbrandproductsandwereunabletomakeendsmeet.Whatisyouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheImportanceofRationalConsumptionYouaretowriteinthreeParts.Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonstosupportyouropinion.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakesummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,TheImportanceofRationalConsumptionThelatestreportdrewourattentiontoanewtypeofshopaholic“购物狂”,thecollegestudents.Manycollegestudentsareenthusiasticshoppers.Whatsworse,theyarecrazyaboutbrandproducts.Aslongastherearefamouslogosonclothes,cellphones,computersorevenrestaurants,theyareeagertopurchaseregardlessofthecost.Thereforethereisneverenoughmoneytocovertheirexpenses.,Theconsequenceofthebrandpursuitisnotonlyanemptypocket,buttheoverburdenedparents.Longingforthefamousbrand,thesestudentsconcernnothingbutthesuperficialbrand,andsomeofthemevenbuttheexpensivecommoditiesoncreditandultimatelybecomethecreditcardslave.Thestudentsthemselvesarenottheonlyvictims.Canyouimagineacollegecampusfilledwithshallowheadsandagenerationofvainyouth?Theyarepurchasingbrandgoodsattheexpenseofthenationsfuture.,Therationalviewonconsumptionshouldbestronglyadvocatedoncampus.Studentsshouldknowthatcomparedtomaterialgoods,themindandhealtharebetteralternativesforinvestment.Themostsacredresponsibilityofacollegeistocultivateresponsiblecitizens.Weshouldpulltheseyoungshopaholicsbackintotherightdirectionbeforetheyturnthecollegeintoavanityfair.,Template1Part1:Nowadays,hasarousedmoreandmoreattentionofthewholesociety./Nowadays,itisaheatedlydiscussedtopicthat/moreandmorepeoplepayattentionto/attractalotofpublicattention./Currently,hasbecomeamatterofconcern/Moreandmorepeoplebegintorealizetheimportanceof（Todrawforththetopic,andunderlayforthewholecomposition）,Para2：Inthepast,/Peopleusedto(Topointoutthepastfactswhicharemostlyreversetothetopic)Asaresult/However,/Thesituationwasnotenjoyable/manyproblemsemerged(Topointouttheproblemsandthedisadvantageundersuchfacts)Therefore,itisreallyencouragingtoseethatpeoplearebeginningtopaymoreattentionto/Nowadays,/Onthecountry/While(Tomakeacomparisonwiththeadvantagesundercurrentsituation),Para3：Idohopethatmoreandmorepeoplecouldrealizetheimportanceof(Toofferhope,andmentionthetopicagain),UsefulsentencepatternDrawingforththeopinionTheimportanceofhasbeenbroughttopublicattention./Currently,thereisagrowingtendencythat/Arecentsurveyshowsthat/Itiswidelyacceptedthat/Itmightbetimetoplaceemphasison/Itisalmostimpossiblethat.without/Anyonewiththeleastknowledgecantell/Itisararethingto/Supposethat/Theattitudeissharedby,如果是有待分析或争论的作文题,都容易展开思路,有话可写。如果题目是一个公认的道理,不言自明,应当如何写呢?建议运用原意扩展的技巧,把这种技巧发挥得淋漓尽致。下面通过分析一篇较典型的范文,来演示这方面的思路。,如何论述一个不言自明的问题?,1.典型题眼：TheImportanceof/TravelBroadensMindTheharmof,结构模板,第一段：引出要说明的事物，明确自己对这一事物的态度（赞同或反对，应该不应该，重要否？有利还是有害？）第二段：第一句：承接首段观点，对本段内容及其发展方式加以限制（一般用举例法），说明重要性(危害性、有利之处)表现在以下几个方面：分主题一：重要性(危害性、有利之处)之一（一句话）+拓展观点（2-3句）；分主题二：重要性(危害性、有利之处)之二（一句话）+拓展观点（2-3句）；第三段：结论：重要性+建议或展望（危害性+警示；有利性+建议）,题目：TheImportanceofConfidence,confidence(信心)的重要性是不言自明的。但非得把这个主题演绎为一篇三段式的作文。先考虑用词。由于文中不可避免地要多次提到信心,缺乏信心这样的内容,不能总是用confidence或lackofconfidence。,语言要丰富,先要考虑有哪些同义表达和反义表达:,Confidence-faith-buildupfaith-feelcapableofdoingsth.lackofconfidence-loseheart-feelfrustrated平时练作文时就要养成找同义表达和反义表达的习惯。,下一步,想法找一两个可围绕做文章的关键词。,譬如,从反面着眼,想想一个人要是没有信心,原因是什么?如果想到了是个不能正确估计自己和估计困难的问题,那么就找出了一个可环绕做文章的词眼-estimate(估计),estimate既可作动词,也可作名词,还可加前缀变成overestimate(过高估计)和underestimate(过低估计),用起来有声有色。,首先将要论述的不言自明的道理从正反两面各发挥一句,本例中正面的一句是用“whatever”引起的让步结构,反面的一句用的是一个既精采又好学的句型“If.,thereislittlepossibilitythat.,especiallywhen.”。最后来一个定型套语,点明主题的客观正确性。说了长长短短三句话,无非绕着“信心重要”这个主题在转圈圈,由此英语写作能力就显示出来了。,Whateveronedoes,oneshoulddoitwithconfidence.Ifonehasnoconfidence,thereislittlepossibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisfacedwithdrawbacksorhardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.一个人不论做什么,都要做得有信心。如果没有信心,就不可能成就任何事情,尤其是在面临挫折或艰难的时候。这一真理似乎是不言自明的。,接着来个转折,制造一个对立面,即确有干事缺少信心的人,他们有什么感受,好在后文中加以分析:,However,inrealitywedoseealotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilitytodosomethingorthattheirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.然而,在现实中我们确实看到许多人抱怨他们缺乏作某事的能力或者他们的困难太大了,没法克服。,然后,很客观地点出大部分持这种观点的人错了(特意不指全部人,这样显得通情达理,而且这样写句子结构也难些,利于表现作文质量)。错在哪?错在没有信心,又转回主题了:,Forsome,thismightbetrue.Butformany,thisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.对有些人来讲,这也许是对的,可是对许多人来说,这只说明他们失去了信心。,第二段就来分析所制造的对立面的错误。环绕事先想好的关键词“estimate”,对自己和对困难两个方面拟出两条原因：,1Thesepeopledonothaveacorrectestimateofthemselves.2Theyoverestimatethedifficulties.,为了使这一段更丰满,不妨在段首再写个问句,自问自答，扩句成段。,Whydopeopleoftenfeelfrustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableofdoingsomething?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,thesepeopledonothaveacorrectestimateofthemselves.Second,theyoverestimatethedifficulties.为什么人们即使有相当能力做好某事时也常常感到灰心丧气呢?诸般原因中,有两点重要的。第一,这些人对自己没有正确的估计。第二,他们过高地估计了困难。,注意这个结构中加了一个“amongothers”,用两个逗号插在主谓语之间,一方面表示客观,不是认为只有两个原因,而是诸般原因中的两点;另一方面在一个简单句中插上一个短语,更能展现语言水平。结尾段点明作者观点:对自己抱正确态度才能建立信心。然后引述一条俗语,再对这条俗语呼应一句就结尾了。,Itispossibletobuildupfaithinoneselfbyhavingtherightattitudetowardsonesownabilities.Weshouldneverunderestimateourabilitiesbutshouldbelieveintheproverb:“Thereisawill,thereisaway.”Confidenceistheguaranteeoffulfillingatasksuccessfully.对自己的能力持正确的态度就可以树立信心。我们永远不要低估自己的能力,而要相信这条格言:“有志者事竟成”。信心是成功完成一项任务的保证。,从上面的分析可以看到，这篇文章够罗嗦的，够空洞的，但同时又是原意扩展各种手法的大集中，用这些手法把一个不言自明的主题，拉成了一篇作文，表现了英语写作的功力。非应试作文慎用这类技巧，应试作文则往往要这样写。,描红：TheImportanceofDiligence,Brainstorming思路：diligence的近义表达:hardworkstrivetoworkdiligence的反义表达:lazinessleavetodaysworktobedonetomorrow,批判对立面（不勤奋者）：lackofabilityincontrollingthemselves;pleasureseeking立论：humanbeingstruevalueoflife:learningandcreation,discoveringandchangingtheworldrealhappiness,闪光措辞,whileawayexcusespoilThereisnoroomforanyexcuseforlaziness.Diligenceisthemotherofsuccess.,闲混时间借口娇宠懒惰没有辩解的余地。勤奋是成功之母。,描红：Diligence,Whateveronedoes,oneshoulddoitwithconfidence.Ifonehasnoconfidence,thereislittlepossibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisfacedwithdrawbacksorhardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.,Whateveronedoes,oneshoulddoitwithdiligence.Ifoneisnotdiligent,thereislittlepossibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisdealingwithatoughjob.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.,However,inrealitywedoseealotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilitytodosomethingorthattheirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.Forsome,thismightbetrue.Butformany,thisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.,However,inrealitywedoseequiteafewpeoplewhowhileawayalotoftimechatting,drinking,orwatchingtelevision,andalwaysleavetodaysworktobedonetomorrow.Someofthemmaymakeanexcuseforwhattheyhavedone,buttheresnoroomforanyexcuseforlaziness.,Whydopeopleoftenfeelfrustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableofdoingsomething?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,thesepeopledonothaveacorrectestimateofthemselves.Second,theyoverestimatethedifficulties.,Whydontsuchpeoplestrivetowork?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,theylackpersistenceincontrollingthemselves.Therearesomanyjoyfulthingsaroundthemthattheyalwaysfeeldifficulttoconcentratethemselvesontheirworkorstudy.Second,theymayprefertoanotherwayofliving“eat,drink,andbemerry”.,Itispossibletobuildupfaithinoneselfbyhavingtherightattitudetowardsonesownabilities.Weshouldneverunderestimateourabilitiesbutshouldbelieveintheproverb:“Thereisawill,thereisaway.”Confidenceistheguaranteeoffulfillingatasksuccessfully.,Amaindifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsistheabilitytolearnandtocreate.Onlythroughlearningandcreationcanonerealizehisownvalue.Butthatmeanshardwork.Weshouldneverspoilourselvesbutshouldbelieveintheproverb:“Diligenceisthemotherofsuccess.”Weshallenjoyrealhappinesswhenweeventuallyachievesomethingindiscoveringandchangingtheworld.,Yourjob,1.Findasimilartopic;2.Recordyourbrainstorming:keyword:similarexpressionoppositeexpressiondiamondwording3.Writeasimilararticle.,ExcellentHomework,学生佳作,TheImportanceofHonesty,Whateveronedoes,oneshoulddoitwithhonesty.Ifoneisnothonest,thereislittlepossibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisinbusiness.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.However,inrealitywedoseequiteafewpeoplewhoactunfairlyinordertowinanadvantageorprofitfromtheirpartner,andevenplaytricksontheircustomers.Knavery（neivrin.恶作剧诈骗）mayserveforaturn,butyoucantfoolallthepeopleallthetime.Honestyisthebestpolicy.,Sample,Whydontsuchpeoplekeeptheirword?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,thereislotsoftemptationofeasyprofitsintheworldnowadays.Second,theylackabilityincontrollingthemselves.Theygivewaytothegreedwhichistheexcessiveandselfishdesireforwealth.,Honestyisanethicalprinciplethatpermeates(p:mieit渗透,贯穿）manysituations,andisalsoafactorindevelopingstrongcustomerrelationships.Thewisemanisalwaysfrank,becauseheknowsthat“honestyisplacedabovejewelsandtreasures”.Weshouldneverspoilourselvesbutshouldbelieveinthisproverb.,Biologically,thereisonequalitythatdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,inturn,dependsonthemostcomplexandsubtleoneofallhumanqualities:thesenseofhumor.Thesenseofhumorplaysakeyroleinnearlyeveryaspectofhumanlife.Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic.Whythesenseofhumorisimportant?,Sample,Whythesenseofhumorisimportant?,语言亮点：Seasoning调味品，佐料Crackingofajoke一个玩笑Disperse分散Vimandvigor生机和活力Pacifier安定剂Alleviate减轻，缓和Zest热情,结构亮点,1.Apersonwithoutasenseofhumorisjustlikeaspringwithoutflowers,adishwithoutseasoning.2.Withthecrackingofajoke,allourworries,sadnessandtirednessdisperselikemistandsmoke.3.Buthumorcan,asa“pacifier”,injectalightnoteintothetouchysituationtoalleviatetheseproblemsquickerthandoangrywordsorquarrels.,WhytheSenseofHumorIsImportant?,Thesenseofhumor,whichisendowedbyGod,isgenerallyconsideredtobeoneofthemostvaluablepersonalities.Peopleareborntobehumorous.Thisinstinctwillneverchange,personwithoutasenseofhumorisjustlikeaspringwithoutflowers,adishwithoutseasoning.Laughterandhumoraretwins.Whenpeopletalkabouthumor,theyusuallyconnectitwithlaughter.And,laughter,inturn,isrelatedtohappiness.Ifhappinessisoneofthemostimportantelementsofpeopleslife,thenthesenseofhumoristhekeytothedoorofhappiness.,Humorcanimproveourphysicalandmentalconditions.Ithelpsusbearburdensandeasenervousness.Withthecrackingofajoke，allourworries,sadnessandtirednessdisperselikemistandsmoke.Andwearefullofvimandvigoronceagain.ThesenseofhumorispartofonesEQ.Humorhelpsuskeepongoodtermswithothers.Youmaymeetsometroubleinworkorstudy,andyoumaybemisunderstoodbyworkmatesorclassmates,andyoumayevenfindithardtogetclosetoothers.Buthumorcan,asapacifier,injectalightnoteintothetouchysituationtoalleviatetheseproblemsquickerthandoangrywordsorquarrels.Bymeansofhumor,youcanalwayskeepagoodrelationshipwithothers.Inaword,wemustknowtheimportanceofthesenseofhumor.Itgiveszesttolifetomakeitworthliving.,Directions:AstherapiddevelopmentofChineseeducation,manystudentsareundergreatburdeninordertogetintothedoorofuniversity.Therefore,manyofthempaytoomuchattentiontoexaminationscoresandneglectextracurricularactivities.Whatsyouropiniononextracurricularactivities?Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheImportanceofExtracurricularActivities,Sample,亮点词句proportionofstudentsenteringhighereducation升学率overallconsiderationability全面思考问题的能力thesignificanceofextracurricularactivitiesliesinthefactthattheycanenlargestudentsscopeofknowledge,broadenstudentsmindandhelpstudentsgetadeeperunderstandingoftheworldthattheyrelivingin课外活动不仅可以扩大学生的知识面，还可以拓宽学社的视野，使学生更好地认识世界。,TheImportanceofExtracurricularActivities,Undertheheavyburdenofproportionofstudentsenteringhigherschool,moreandmoreschoolspaytoomuchattentiontothescoreoftheirstudents,andignorethecultivatingofstudentscomprehensiveability.Asaresult,studentsareledtoover-emphasizeallkindsofexaminations.Myideaisthatextracurricularactivitiesarecrucialforonesgrowth.(引出论点),Firstandforemost,extracurricularactivitycanwidenstudentspointofviewandbroadentheirmind.(提出第一分论点,论述课外活动可拓展学生视野的道理)throughtheattendingofextracurricularactivities,studentswillgettoknowdifferentworldsandexperiencediversifiedfieldswhichcanhelptoenlargestudentseyesightandenrichtheirlife.Moreover,extracurricularactivitiescanhelpstudentsdevelopdifferentkindsofabilities,suchascommunicationandcooperationcapability.Secondly,extracurricularactivitiescanhelpstudentsgetadeeperunderstandoftheworldtheyrelivingin.(第二分论点,指出课外活动可以使学生更好地了解世界)Astudentmaytakeasimpleunderstandingaboutaffairshappenedintheworld.Buttheextracurricularactivitiescanteachonenotonlyaspecializedskill,butalsotheoverallconsiderationabilityandthereforebenefitthestudentsalot.,Ingeneral,thesignificanceofextracurricularactivitiesliesinthefactthattheycanenlargestudents,scopeofknowledge,broadenstudentsmindandhelpstudentsgetadeeperunderstandingoftheworldthattheyrelivingin.(总体概括并强调论点),