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Englishgrammar：,NounClauses,判断下列是什么从句：,1.Wherehewasbornwasunknowntous.2.Idontknowwherehewasborn.3.Theunknownwaswherehewasborn.,4.Idontknowthefactwherehewasborn.5.Heworkedwherehewasborn.6.Heworkedinthecitywherehewasborn.,Idontknowwherehewasborn.Heworkedwherehewasborn.,辨析：宾语从句VS状语从句,Idontknowthefactwherehewasborn.Heworkedinthecitywherehewasborn.,辨析：定语从句VS同位语从句,复合句、主句、从句的概念,复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能用作句子的一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的的从句。,英语中的从句有：,状语从句定语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句,状语从句：,时间状语从句地点状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句,状语从句是副词性修饰性从句,定语从句：,限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,定语从句是形容词性修饰性从句,名词性从句的概念,名词在句子中一般可以充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。从句在语法功能上相当于名词，也可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语、同位语。因此，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词性从句。,名词性从句的引导词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1连接词2连接代词3连接副词,连接词：,thatwhetherif(一般仅用于宾语从句)asif(用于表语从句)它们不充当从句的任何成分,连接代词：,whatwhateverwhowhoeverwhomwhosewhich,连接副词：,whenwherewhybecausehowhow组成的词组如：howmany,howlong,howfar等,学习名词性从句的要点,1、名词性从句的语序的考查2、名词性从句的连接词的考查3、宾语从句的时态呼应4、同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择,名词性从句的语序的考查,Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Thequestioniswhethersheiscoming.Couldyoutellmewherehelives?Ihadnoideawhetherhewillcomeontime?,名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，而不是一般疑问句的语序。,注意：,that和what的运用,hewantsisabook.lighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.,What,That,Theresultiswewonthegame.Thatiswearelookingfor.,that,what,Pleasetellusishappeningthere.Weshouldpayattentiontotheteacherissaying.Idontknowsheiscoming.,what,what,that,ThenewsChinasucceededinsendingupamannedspaceshipwasexciting.Thenewshetolduswasexciting.,that,that,注意：,that和what都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；what在从句中不仅起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分。what一般不用来引导同位语从句。what不能用作关系代词，因此也不能引导定语从句。,that的省略（1）,Idontthinkthatsheiscoming.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Hetoldmethathisparentshaddiedintheaccidentandthathehadtomakealivingallbyhimself.,(),(),that,that,that的省略（2）,Thatheistopinhisclassmakeshisparentsveryhappy.Itspitythathehasmadesuchamistake.Thereasonisthatheiscareless.Thenewsthatourbasketballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.,That,that,that,that,注意：,单个宾语从句中的that可以省略；但用it作形式宾语的宾语从句、并列宾语从句中第二个及以后宾语从句中的that不可以省略。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的that一般不可以省略。,if和whether的运用（1）,wewillgototowntomorrowdependsontheweather.Thequestionisheshoulddoit.Thedoctorcantanswerthequestiontheoldmancansurvivetheoperation.,Whether,whether,whether,if和whether的运用（2）,Iaskedhimhecouldfinishthejobontime.Doyouknowweareworriedaboutheissafe?Idontknowhecouldfinishthejobontimeornot.,whether/if,whether,whether,注意：,引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether。引导宾语从句时应注意：（1）动词后的宾语从句可以用if，也可以用whether。（2）介词后的宾语从句只能用whether。（3）宾语从句中有ornot时，一般用whether。,what和which的运用,Therearesomanythings.IdontknowIhavetochoose.Thebooksaresogoodanduseful.IdontknowIhavetochoose.,what泛指的事物，没有一定的范围which特定事物中的“哪一个”，有一定的范围,what,which,why和because运用,Hiscarbrokedownontheway.Thatwashewaslate.他的车在路上抛锚了，那就是他迟到的缘故。Whydidhefailintheexam?Thatwashewascareless.,why强调结果；because强调原因。,why,because,who和whoever的运用,Whoever/Whobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Iwillgivethisbooktowhoever/whoneedsit.,what和whatever的运用,Wewilldowhatever/whatwecantohelpyou.Whatever/Whathesaysisalwaysreasonable.,which和whichever的运用,Youmaytakewhichever/whichyoulike.,注意：,在引导名词性从句时，who、what、which有疑问意味；whoever、whatever、whichever是它们的强势语，不含有疑问意味。如：Idontknowbrokethewindow.IdontknowIshouldchoose.,who,what/which,其他连接词的运用,思考：横线上可以填那些连接词？Idontknowwewillgo.,根据回答选择适当的连接词：,Idontknowwewillgo.Wewont.Idontknowwewillgo.NextSunday.,whether/if,when,Idontknowwewillgo.Thefactorywherehisfatherworks.Idontknowwewillgo.Bybus.,how,where,Idontknowwewillgo.Togivethemahandwiththeirwork.Idontknowwewillgo.Idontknow,either.,that/whether,why,宾语从句的时态呼应,Hebelievesthathisdreamwillcometrueoneday.Pleasetellmewhatyouthinkoftheplan.,Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthecomingmid-termexamination.Hesaidthathehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears.HeaskedmewhereIlived.,Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.,同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择,Idontknowthefactwherehewasborn.Heworkedinthecitywherehewasborn.,名词性从句中it的运用,it作形式主语it作形式宾语,it作形式主语,主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重脚轻，因此，可以把主语从句移到复合句后面，而在句首使用it作形式主语。用it作形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：It+be+adj.+that-clauseIt+be+P.P.+that-clauseIt+be+n.+that-clauseIt+vi+that-clause,It+be+adj.+that-clause,Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,It+be+P.P.+that-clause,Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,It+be+n.+that-clause,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,It+vi+that-clause,Itappearsthat似乎Itseemsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧,注意：,当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，也要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?,it作形式宾语,如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，连接宾语从句的that不省略。WemadeitarulethatwereadEnglishinthemorningIthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,Goodbye!,
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