剑桥商务英语口试必备手册====每天必读

PASS BEC新编剑桥商务英语口试必备手册（中高级）2011.06.02UNIT ONE Company Operation and Management第一单元 公司运作与管理1.1 Teamwork 团队合作Teamwork 团队合作，团队精神Team-based 以团队为基础的Horizontalhrzntl hrzntl organization structure 横向企业结构Corporate goals 企业目标Charter 规章，章程Be accountable for 对负有责任Creative innovation 创新改革，创新发明 创新精神Reward system 奖励制度Pay back 回报，报偿Individuality 个性Independent thinking 独立的思想Group decision-making 集体决策Managerial skill 管理技能Coordinate 使协调，调整Interpersonal relationship 人际关系Mutual trust 相互信任Bring out the potentials 充分发挥潜能Closely-knit （关系）密切的Keep track of 跟踪，追踪Time-consuming 花费时间的Line manager 部门经理，业务经理（与行政经理相对）Pre-building 团队建设Nurture 培养，教育，发展 n:t vt.养育; 培育, 培养n.教养, 培育Nurture team dynamics dainmiks培养团队活力Promote prmut team spirit 提倡团队精神Drive team success 驱使团队成功Minimize minimaiz将减少到最少，最小化Inhibit inhibit约束，抑止Liven lavn up 使有生气Training session sen 一场训练，培训课期Rafting r:fti 漂流Rock climbing 攀岩Teammate 队友Impact 影响，效果Complementary ,kmplmentri:, -tri: 补充的，互补的Revitalize ri:vatl,az使新生，给予新的活力Trait treit（个人性格方面的）特征，显著的特点Commitment kmitmnt 敬业精神Interpersonal communication skills 人际交际技能，亦作 interpersonal skillsAddress 处理（事情）How to Make Teams Effective如何组建精锐的团队People in every workplace talk about building the team, working as a team, and my team, but few understand how to create the experience of teamwork or how to develop an effective team.在各种工作场合，人们都在谈论团队建设、团队合作、自己的团队，但是却很少有人真正理解如何体验团队合作以及如何组建一支精锐的团队。 Belonging to a team, in the broadest sense, is a result of feeling part of something larger than yourself. 属于一个团队，就是体验自己成为比自己更大的团体的一部分。It has a lot to do with your understanding of the mission or objectives of your organization.这在很大程度上与你对企业任务和目标的理解有关。In a team-oriented environment, you contribute to the overall success of the organization. 在以团队为导向的环境里，你要为企业的全面成功做出自己的贡献。You work with fellow members of the organization to produce these results. 你要和同事们通力合作以达到这些目标。Even though you have a specific job function and you belong to a specific department, you are unified with other organization members to accomplish the overall objectives. 即使你属于某个工作部门，有着具体工作职责，你仍然要与其他同事团结一致去实现这些总体目标。The bigger picture drives your actions; your function exists to serve the bigger picture.你的行动受到企业更大目标的驱使，你的职责服务于企业更大的目标。Therefore, executives, managers, and organization staff members universally explore ways to improve business results and profitability.因而，行政主管、经理以及组织的普通员工无不对提高企业绩效和盈利能力的办法进行探讨。 Many view team-based, Horizontalhrzntl organization structures as the best design for involving all employees in creating business success.许多人认为，让全体员工参与、为企业成功共同努力的最好策略是采取以团队为基础的横向企业结构。Successful team building requires attention to each of the following Twelve Cs.成功的团队建设要遵循以下12条建议：Clear expectations: Do team members understand why the team was created?明确目标：团队成员是否明确团队组建的目的？Context: Can team members define their teams importance to the accomplishment of corporate goals?组建背景：团队成员是否明确团队对于实现企业目标的重要性？Commitment: Do team members perceive their service as valuable to the organization and to their own careers?敬业精神：团队成员是否认识到团队对于企业以及对自身事业的成功都很重要？Competence: Does the team feel that its members have the knowledge, skill, and capability to address the issues for which the team was formed?团队能力：团队是否感知其成员拥有应对种种问题的知识、技能和实际能力？而团队组建的目的就是为了解决这些问题。Charter: Has the team taken its assigned area of responsibility and designed its own mission, vision, and strategies to accomplish the mission?团队规章：团队是否明确自己的职责范围并规划出自己的目标、远景和对策以完成使命？Control: Do team members hold each other accountable for project timelines, commitments, and results?内部控制：团队成员是否对项目时间安排、应承担的义务和结果等共同负有责任？Collaboration: Do team members cooperate to accomplish the team charter?协作精神：团队成员是否能相互协作、遵循团队章程？Communication: Do team members communicate clearly and honestly with each other?内部沟通：团队成员之间能否明确、诚实地进行相互沟通？Creative Innovation: Does the team value creative thinking, unique solutions, and new ideas?创新改革：团队是否注重鼓励创新思维、独特的解决办法和新的想法？Consequences: Is the organization designing reward systems that recognize both team and individual performance?结果影响：团队是否制定奖励制度来奖励团队以及个人的工作表现？Coordination: Are teams coordinated by a central leadership that assists the groups to obtain what they need for success?协调配合:团队是否有领导核心来协调工作、帮助各小组取得成功？Cultural Change: Does the organization recognize that the more it can change its climate to support teams, the more it will receive in pay back from the work of the teams?改进文化：企业是否认识到越是通过改变企业氛围来支持团队的工作，就越能够从团队的工作中得到回报？Spend time and attention on each of these twelve tips to ensure your work teams contribute most effectively to your business success.要认真关注这12条建议，以保证你的团队能为企业的成功最有效地作出努力。PART ONE: Interview(1) Do you like working in a team or on your own?(why?) 你喜欢在团队与个人合作还是独自工作？I like working in a team, as the proverb prvb goes:” Two heads are better than one.” In a team, I can learn from my fellow workers, get help from them when Im under pressure. And the most important thing is : I can learn to communicate with all sorts of people.(2) How important is the central leadership of a team?团队的核心领导有多重要？Its very important. You need someone with managerial skills to lead within the team: he is able to see the big picture of the work going on , to engage others, coordinate interpersonal relationship and organize resources effectively.(3) Do you prefer to work in small teams or big teams?(why)你喜欢在小型团队还是在大型团队中工作？I prefer to work in a big team. You see, when you work with more people, you get a chance to listen to different points of view, to learn to see things in different perspectives pspektiv. Its also more challenging as you have to coordinate with more people,(4) Is it necessary for a team to have regular meetings?团队是否有必要定期开会？Yes, I think its absolutely necessary. Regular meetings can enable team members to keep track of work progress and its a means of considering information and making collective decisions.PART TWO: Mini-presentation ,preznteinWhats important when?Evaluating the success of teamwork 衡量团队成功与否需要考虑哪些要点？l Mutual mju:tul trust 相互信任l Full co-operation 通力合作Mutual trust is the first secret of successful teamwork. When members share a trusting relationship, they will feel free to express their views, understand each others capabilities and limitations, and communicate with each other timely. This helps to bring out the potentials, experience and creativity of the individual and create good work environment.Full co-operation among team members has a direct impact on the success or failure of the team. When team members develop a strong awareness of cooperation, they would make collective efforts to achieve the common objectives and ensure a higher level of quality and workmanship.On top of that, timely communication and decision making will also help to improve work efficiency.相互信任是团队合作成功的秘密之一，当团队成员建立相互信任的关系，他们就可以毫无束缚的表达自己的观点，相互了解对方的能力和缺点，而且可以及时相互沟通。这将有助于激发个人潜力、经验、和创造力并且可以营造良好的工作环境。团队成员的通力合作也对会直接影响团队成功的失败。当团队成员有强烈的合作意识，他们将会共同努力达到共同的目标。并确保高水平的质量及工艺。除此之外，及时的沟通和做决定也将帮助改善工作效率。PART THREE： DiscussionTeamworkYour company is offering a brief training programme on team building for line managers. You have been asked to help plan the programme. Discuss the situation together, and decide:l what issues should the programme focus onl what kind of activities should be included团队合作你们公司正在考虑为部门经理提供关于团队建设的短期培训课程。请你们协助策划这一课程。讨论并决定：l 该培训课程应集中在哪些问题上l 应包含哪些活动A: Well, I think its a good idea that our company is planning to offer a training programme on team building for all line managers.B：Yes. We need to work out the focus of this programme.A: In my opinion, we should , first of all, focus on issues like how to form an effective team and how to improve communication within the team. These are the most important things we need to consider when holding a training programme.B: Yes, I quite agree with you. Understanding these issues is the pre-requisite pri:rekwzt of successful team-building. Besides that, how to nurture team dynamics should be another focus of our training programme, I mean, analyse and encourage the dynamics that drive team success and minimize the factors that inhibit the healthy functioning of the team.A: Yes, only when all team members are motivated mtvetd, and they give good performance in work.B: So we can include in our programme, the activities that help to promote team spirit, activities that help develop employee motivation and improve communication.A: Well, we can provide team building games, and outdoor activities that liven up the training sessions.B: Im quite with you here. We can organize outdoor adventures like rafting, sailing and rock climbing. These events serve to increase personal awareness of abilities and complementary ,kmplmentri:, -tri: skills in your teammates.A: its a very good idea. These exciting activities not only encourage team participation, problem soving and revitalize morale, they also add some fun and variation to our programme.B: And in fulfilling their potentials, everyone in the team learns to understand other peoples capacities and learns to appreciate the impact of their traits on team dynamics.A: Yes, mutual understanding and mutual trust are indispensable ,ndispensbl to effective team building.A:我觉得公司计划为所有部门经理提供团队建设的培训课程真是个好主意。B:是的，我们需要想出此次活动的重点。A：我的观点是，我们首先应该把重点放在如何组建一个有效率的团队和如何改善团队关系的方面。当我们举办培训课程时，这些是我们需要考虑的最重要的事情。B：是的，我非常同意你的看法。成功的团队建设前提就是了解你所说的这些问题。除此之外，怎样激发团队活力应该是我们培训课程的另一个需要重视的方面，我的意思是，分析和鼓励团队成功的动力，使抑制团队良性运作的因素减少到最小。A：是的，只有当所有团队成员都充满动力，他们在工作中才会表现出好的成绩。B：因此我们应该将能帮助发扬团队合作精神、帮助发展员工积极性和提高沟通的活动包括在我们的课程中。A：是的，我们可以提供团队建设的游戏，和户外活动让培训课程充满活力。B：我同意你的看法。我们可以组织像漂流、航海和攀岩等户外探险。这些项目帮助增强个人意识的能力和与队友互补的技能。A： 这是个好主意。这些激动人心的活动不仅可以鼓励队员、解决问题和重振士气。也可以为我们的课程增加乐趣和使其多样化。B：为了挖掘他们的潜力，团队中每个人学会去了解其他人的能力以及学会去欣赏他们对团队动力影响的特质。A：是的，相互了解和相互信任对于有效的团队建设是必不可少的。（1） What are the characteristics ,kriktristik of a good team?一个良好的团队有哪些特点？Characteristics like mutual trust, co-operation, commitment, openness of expression among team members are essential to a good team. Besides, a team should also be clear about the common goals they aim to attain.（2） What might be the disadvantages of working in a team environment?在团队中工作有哪些不利因素？Sometimes, team membership requires you to give up some individuality ,nd,vdu:lti: in order for the team to function as a whole. Sometimes you feel your own contribution to the team cannot be measured, so you work less than you would individually.（3） Would you like to take part in a programme for developing teamwork?(Why)你是否愿意参加团队发展的培训课程？Yes, of course. It offers me opportunities to develop better interpersonal communication skills, and these are essential in my business career.（4） How might a company measure the success of a training programme?公司应该怎样衡量培训课程的成败？To evaluate the impact of a training programme, we can see if the training has helped to address the issues in the work, to see if theres any improvement in the work performance of the staff and if it encourages creative innovation and teamwork.（5） Do you think a company will always benefit from staff training?(Why?/Why not?)你是否认为公司总是可以从员工培训中有所获益？I think a company can benefit much from staff training. Through training, employees will have a better understanding of their work objectives, have greater commitment in their work, and acquire practical working skills.2011.06.031.2 Internal Communications 内部沟通Be committed to 致力于Be engaged in 投身于，忙于Delivery 传输，传送Corporate information 公司信息Vision 设想，远见Openness 坦诚，公开Integrity 诚信，诚实Paramount pr,mant极为重要的-wide （后缀，与名词一起构成形容词或副词）全范围的Opinion survey 意见调查Put in place 实施，到位Audience-driven 以受众为导向的Communications approach 沟通方式Segmentation semntein分割，切断Customization 根据对方需要制作，量身定做Integrated ntgretd platform 集成的（信息）平台Cost efficiency ifinsi成本效率Digital media 数码媒介Intranet 企业内部互联网Notice-board 布告牌Resentment rzentmnt愤恨，不满Open-minded 胸襟开阔的Out-going 爽直的，乐于助人的，外向的Mettle 勇气，精神Initiative iniitiv主动性Management message 管理信息Performance excellence 优异表现Subordinate sb:dinit下级，下属E-mail newsletter 电邮通讯，电子邮件通讯，亦作 E-newsletter, E-news-letterTangible performance standards 具体的工作标准Annual performance reviews (对员工的)年度业绩考核，年度绩效评估Staff appraisal (对员工的)业绩评估，业绩考核Two-way communication 双向交流Voice ones opinions about 就发表自己的意见Column klm（报纸、杂志的）专栏Layout 版面设计Cartoon picture 漫画Company logo 公司标识A sense of belonging 归属感Work station 工作站，工作处Information equality 信息均等Have access to 有权使用Channel 渠道，通道Opinion poll pul民意测验Internal communications内部沟通Nokia is committed to a strong internal communications culture and practice. 诺基亚公司致力于建立一种强有力的内部沟通文化和实践体系。Its broad range of communications activities, channels and media strive to help employees manage and use corporate information they receive in their work and organizational relationships and in doing so, 诺基亚公司通过各种广泛的沟通活动以及丰富的沟通渠道和媒介，尽力帮助员工管理和运用他们在工作中以及在企业交往中获得的公司信息。be fully engaged in the delivery of the companys strategy and the Nokia Way.公司通过这种做法，切实传播公司的运作策略以及“诺基亚之道”Nokia promotes a culture where good communications practice is integrated into every day interaction with and between employees and where shared vision and goals, shared knowledge, openness, speed and integrity are paramount.诺基亚公司倡导这样一种公司文化：将良好的沟通习惯融入公司于员工以及员工与员工之间的日常交往之中。在这一公司文化中，共同的期望和目标、共享的知识、坦诚、高效和诚信高于一切。The company measures its performance in internal communications through the company-wide annual employee opinion survey as well as targeted surveys around specific communications activities.诺基亚公司通过在公司上下进行一年一度的员工意见调查，以及针对具体沟通活动的目标调查，衡量公司内部沟通方面的绩效。Nokia is putting in place an audience-driven communications approach to meet the diverse needs of its employees for information and communication, with emphasis on segmentation, customization and choice of access.诺基亚公司正在实施以受众为导向的沟通方式，以满足员工对信息和交流的不同需要，着重强调沟通职能的切分、量体裁衣的沟通方式以及沟通途径和选择。 This work is supported by the development and use of common and integrated platforms and processes which will encourage cost efficiency in the use of internal and external resources and adoption over time of digital media.这项工作得以展开是通过开发和使用了普通以及集成的信息平台和处理程序，在运用内外资源的过程中激励成本效率，并采用了数码媒介等方式。There are three primary channels for communicating with employee. Nokia people magazine is published in the four most common languages in Nokia: English, Finnish, Chinese and German. Nokia News Service offers daily online news from around the organization, and the Intranet contains a vast amount of detailed company information.诺基亚公司和员工的沟通有三种不同的渠道。诺基亚人杂志采用四种语言出版：英语、芬兰语、汉语和德语；诺基亚新闻服务网每天提供在线的公司新闻；还有企业内部互联网，提供大量详细的公司信息。PART ONE Interview(1) What are the methods of communication to staff in most companies?大多数公司采用什么方式和员工进行沟通？The most popular communication methods include: face-to-face communication, E-mails, telephone, notice-boards, etc. nowadays, the Intranet is a very effective method of communication.(2) Do you think you are good at communicating with your boss?(Why?/Why not?)你觉得自己善于和上司沟通吗？Yes. I think Im quite good at communicating with people. Whenever I have some new ideas or resentment rzentmnt about my work. Ill talk to my boss face to face. Im very frank and open-minded, ready to accept different opinions.(3) Is it important to let your manager know your ideas about work?(Why)让你的上司知道你对工作的看法是否重要？I think its very important. You see, I often make suggestions to my boss about internal development, and discuss areas I would like to improve on. In this way, Im contributing to the overall improvement of the company.(4) Do you think people can be trained to communicate more efficiently （Why）你认为通过培训人们是否可以更有效地进行沟通？Yes. I think it will be very helpful if employees get chances to attend training courses on interpersonal skills. Such training will enable them to communicate more effectively.Part Two: Mini-presentationWhats important when?Communciating management messages to the staff 和员工沟通管理信息需要考虑哪些要点？l Overall purpose 整体目标l Feedback on performance 对工作表现的反馈lFirst of all , I think its important to clearly state your overall purpose and expectations. In this way, employee know exactly what they should do to meet work requirements and to achieve performance excellence.In addition to this, providing feedback on their performance is also important. On the managerial part, performance reviews help managers to keep track of possible problems in their own work. On the part of the employees, they get encouraged for their hard work and are given chances to correct mistakes made on the job.Besides, managers should be more open in sharing information with their subordinates. They should let employees know in advance any proposed changes before they actually occur. This will enhance mutual understanding and trust.首先，我认为清晰的陈述你的总体目标和期望是很重要的。这样，员工可以确切的知道他们应该做什么来满足工作需求以及实现卓越的成绩。除此之外，对他们的成绩提出反馈意见也很重要。从管理的角度来看，绩效评估帮助管理者追踪他们自己可能发生的问题；从员工的角度，他们努力工作得到鼓舞，工作中出现的问题也有机会得到纠正。另外，管理者应该与下属更开发的分享信息。任何建议的改变之前，他们应该让员工提前知晓。这将加强相互的理解及信任。PART THREE DiscussionE-mail NewsletterYou company would like to introduce an E-mail newsletter to send to all members regularly. You have been asked to help co-ordinate the project. Discuss the situation together, and decide:l what kinds of articles and information should be includedl what the newsletter should look like and how often it should be sent电子邮件快讯你们公司意欲创建一份电子邮件快讯，定期发给全体员工。请你们共同协调这一计划。讨论并决定：l 电子邮件快讯中应包含哪些文章和信息l 电子邮件快讯的版式、发送周期A：You see, our company is designing an E-mail newsletter for all staff members. It certainly is a very good channel for internal communication.B: Yes. What information should be included, in your opinion?A: It should carry articles about the tangible performance standards for staff to follow, and information about any changes in the company, such as new policies, new projects and new managers, etc. this will help to reduce the chance for confusion and misinterpretation of key corporate polices and decisions.B: Yes, Im quite with you here. Information of this kind will help staff members better adjust themselves to the work environment and achieve higher level of performance.A: There should also be information about the latest achievements of the company as well.B: I agree with you. ButA: And about annual performance reviews and staff appraisals, just to reward hardworking people and look at problems in work. You seeB: Well, you are quite right. But I think we should place emphasis on two-way communication. The newsletter should also focus on the employee side. We should allow our employees to voice their opinions about day-to-day work and corporate development. They should also have a chance to comment on the performance of the managers and point out problems in their work.A: Thats a good idea. So lets put in this column” Voice from the Staff”.B: Besides the contents, the layout is also important. We can use some photos, people usually like to see pictures of themselves and people they know. So it will be able to attract more readers. We can also use cartoon pictures to help illustrate our ideas.A: Good. And dont forget our company logo, it will help to promote a sense of belonging and loyalty. And lets also insert some humour, to make it more readable.B: Finally, I think it should be sent to our employees every other week.A: Well, eryou see, this is a competitive age, news and information keep changing. Why not make it once in every ten days, three different issues every month.B: Alright. And lets make it short, so people dont have to spend too much time reading each issue.A: I agree.