主谓一致语法总结 .docx

主谓一致语法总结 1.主谓一致总结：1.谓语动词只能用单数的有：2谓语动词只能用复数的看这篇能否帮上忙：在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致.寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则.（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致.1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式.如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式.如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词.如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式.如：The writer and artist has come.； / 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式.如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, e*cept, but, like, as well as, re than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式.如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待.如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数.如：Neither of the te*ts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以.如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致.如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式.这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等.如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数.如：The police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定.如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / *% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数.8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致.如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）.1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定.如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式.如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数.如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式.如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-si* divided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要。2.求主谓一致主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 2 主谓一致中的（就近原则） 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 （就前原则） 当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,e*cept,but,no less than,as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1） 代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every，谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3） 表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数.（用复数也可，意思不变.） Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.。3.求主谓一致主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 2 主谓一致中的（就近原则） 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 （就前原则）当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,e*cept,but,no less than,as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1） 代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every，谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong wit2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3） 表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数.（用复数也可，意思不变.） Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough。.。4.主谓一致的语法概述主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则 （grammatical concord） 意义一致原则 （notional concord） 就近原则（principle of pro*imity）编辑本段典型例题1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数，表示一人兼两职。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.,C.本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B. 2 主谓一致中的就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 总的来说，在由not onlybut also， not justbut， or, eitheror， neithernor连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai ne*t week.Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, e*cept, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1） 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every， 谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong wit2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3） 表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数.（用复数也可，意思不变.） Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten y5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1） 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. （一切顺利.） All are present. （所有人都到齐了.） 2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team,group,club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class,ittee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry（家禽）.militia（民兵）.vermin（害虫）等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词单数+单数动词. A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市. 7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数， 9 四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。10 表示，（时间，距离，重量，金额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。精锐老师。5.主谓一致的语法概述 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则 （grammatical concord） 意义一致原则 （notional concord） 就近原则（principle of pro*imity）编辑本段典型例题 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数，表示一人兼两职。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.,C.本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B. 2 主谓一致中的就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 总的来说，在由not onlybut also， not justbut， or, eitheror， neithernor连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai ne*t week. Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, e*cept, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1） 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every， 谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3） 表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数.（用复数也可，意思不变.） Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1） 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. （一切顺利.） All are present. （所有人都到齐了.） 2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team,group,club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class,ittee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry（家禽）.militia（民兵）.vermin（害虫）等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词单数+单数动词. A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市. 7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数， 9 四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。10 表示，（时间，距离，重量，金额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。精锐老师。